scholarly journals Trichoderma Activity in Seed Germination, Promoting Seedling Growth and Rhizocompetence in Tomato Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
S. C. L. Montalvão ◽  
E. Marques ◽  
J. B. T. Silva ◽  
J. P. Silva ◽  
S. C. M. Mello
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Tomato is one of the most important plant species from an economic and social point of view. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the use of beneficial microorganisms in agriculture, and some of them are being commercialized as biopesticidal and biofertilizer formulations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of twenty (20) Trichoderma isolates to stimulate seed germination, colonize the roots, and promoting growth on tomato seedlings. In laboratory tests, it was possible to observe germination induction and longer root length, in addition to greater length of hypocotyls. However, in some cases, the presence of cotyledon lesions in the seedlings was observed, but without interference in the number and vigor of seedlings from inoculated seeds. In the greenhouse, the action of isolates as growth promoters was verified, due to the increase in the weight and length of roots and the aerial part of tomato plants. Twelve isolates were selected for the rhizocompetence assay, in which the ability to colonize the rhizosphere and also the plant rhizoplane was observed. None of the tests showed negative results in the evaluated parameters.

scholarly journals Fungal and bacterial population from spent mushroom substrate used to cultivate tomato plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Silveira Junqueira de Moraes ◽  
Lívia Martinez Abreu Soares Costa ◽  
Thiago Pereira Souza ◽  
Carolina Figueiredo Collela ◽  
Eustáquio Souza Dias
Keyword(s):  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Spent Mushroom Substrate ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Vegetable Seedlings

ABSTRACT The production of tomato seedlings is conducted on commercial substrates with adequate properties for the good formation of the aerial part and root. The Spent Mushroom Substrate, or SMS, presents advantages over commercial substrates regarding the quality of the vegetable seedlings, which may be provided by the presence of a rich microbiota, bringing higher balance and competition with pathogenic microorganisms, in addition to the biological control of pathogens and nematodes. It is important to know the microbiota present in this material and its relation to the plant, in order for this association to occur in the best manner possible. This work had the objective of identifying the microbiota present in the rhizosphere of tomato seedlings produced in SMS of Agaricus subrufescens and Agaricus bisporus mushrooms, added or not with commercial substrate. The microbiota was analyzed by DGGE and the representative samples were sequenced in order to identify the species. Among the eukaryotes, the Chaetomium globosum, Arthrobotrys amerospora species were predominant in the A. subrufescens SMS, and Geastrum floriforme, Chrysosporium chiropterum, Pleurotus sp., and Trichosporon sp. in the A. bisporus SMS. Prokaryotes are the most diverse group, suggesting a large number of species not yet classified or which sequences are not yet available.

scholarly journals Effect of Trichoderma spp. fungus for production of seedlings in Enterolobium Schomburgkii (Benth.) Benth

2019 ◽  
pp. 1706-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misael Freitas dos Santos ◽  
Daniele Lima da Costa ◽  
Thiago Almeida Vieira ◽  
Denise Castro Lustosa
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Enterolobium schomburgkii (monkey ear) is important Amazonic forest specie, being used for wood and medicinal purposes and environmental recuperation issues. Biological treatment such as Trichoderma fungus is alternative method that may improve performance of seeds germination and provide healthy seedlings. We aimed to assess effect of Trichoderma fungus on development of E. schomburgkii seedlings. Five isolates of Trichoderma spp., in the concentration of 1.0 x 107 conidia.mL-1, were assessed and applied through four methods: seeds; pre-planting substrate; post-planting substrate; and seed + pre-planting + post-planting substrate. The seedlings were produced in polypropylene bags and kept in nursery for 10 months. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 5x4+1 factorial scheme, with 10 repetitions. We monthly assessed the plant height, collar diameter and number of leaves and leaflets. After 10 months, we assessed root length, dry matter of aerial part and dry matter of roots system. The results showed that variables were significantly influenced by Trichoderma isolates and its application modes, either individually or under interaction, except on the root length. Eight treatments boosted the plants height and five of them increased the collar diameter, compared with the control. The height of the seedlings was the variable that mostly influenced by the treatments. Application of Trichoderma in pre-planting substrate influenced the highest number of variables analyzed. Therefore, the isolates application used in this work is feasible for production of Enterolobium schomburgkii seedlings. Based on results of this experiment we do not recommended treatment of Enterolobium schomburgkii seeds with Trichoderma isolates, except using T. asperellum T09

scholarly journals PHOTOSYNTHETIC INOCULANTS FOR PROMOTING SEED GERMINATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOMATO PLANTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Loredana-Mirela Sfîrloagă ◽  
Mihaela Croitoru ◽  
Aurelia Diaconu ◽  
Alina-Nicoleta Paraschiv ◽  
Ioan Ardelean
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Plant Photosynthesis ◽  
Control Variant

Microalgae and cyanobacteria are a potentially sustainable alternative for the improvement and protection of agricultural crops. Mineral fertilizers raise environmental and health issues. and current agricultural practices depend to a large extent on the application of fertilizers and pesticides. In this study. we examined the effect of cyanobacteria and microalgae on tomato seed germination. seedling growth. green and dry biomass. gas exchange from leaves (plant photosynthesis and transpiration). and the chlorophyll content of leaves (chlorophyll a. b and carotene). as well as on the soil respiration process. The obtained results highlight higher values of green and dry biomass in the variants inoculated with cyanobacteria and microalgae compared to the control variant and comparable to the values obtained in the technologically fertilized variants. Tomato seedlings showed higher photosynthesis values compared to the control and compared to the technologically fertilized variant in the soil of the pea plot (7.06 μmol CO2 / m2 / s compared to 6.33μmol CO2 / m2 / s in the control variant and 7.06 μmol CO2 / m2 / s in the technologically fertilized version). And in the case of the soil in the museum plot. the values of photosynthesis in the version with the inoculum of cyanobacteria and microalgae were statistically assured compared to the control.

scholarly journals Carciniculture solid waste increases the morphophysiological characteristics of tomato seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenna Karelly Almeida Lopes ◽  
Gabrielen De Maria Gomes Dias ◽  
David Correia dos Anjos ◽  
Tamires Maciel Farias ◽  
Thamiris Ferreira Pinto Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Part ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Waste Handling ◽  
Further Development

Appropriate waste handling is a concern in the fishing industry, seeking to minimize harm to the environment. This study aimed to evaluate vegetative growth at different concentrations of solid residue from shrimp farming in tomato seedlings. Tomato seeds cv. Santa Clara were sown in trays with substrate, until uniform germination and further development for transplant. The concentrations of the shrimp residue were mixed with coconut powder for use in the following treatments: coconut powder (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20 g of shrimp residue, with 8 replicates per treatment. After 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after transplant, the number of leaves and the length of the aerial part were evaluated. At the 50th day, the remaining phytotechnical, physiological and X-ray microanalysis characteristics were evaluated. The three parts of the solid residues were rich in macro and micronutrientes (Fe > Zn > Ca > S > P > Mn > Na > Mg > K > N). The plants grown with different concentrations of shrimp residue had a significant difference for the photosynthetic rate and transpiratory rate, starting at 10 g kg-1. The use of the P3 shrimp residue (cephalothorax + abdomen) was promising and could replace the use of fertilizers in the development of plants, reducing the amount of material released to the environment and easing degradation. The concentration of 10 g kg-1 of shrimp residue was efficient for the morphophysiological development of the tomato plants cv. Santa Clara.

LABORATORY TESTS OF THYROID FUNCTION IN HYPERTHYROIDISM II.

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (4_Suppla) ◽  
pp. S23-S35
Author(s):  
B.-A. Lamberg ◽  
O. P. Heinonen ◽  
K. Liewendahl ◽  
G. Kvist ◽  
M. Viherkoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Crossing Point ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients

ABSTRACT The distributions of 13 variables based on 10 laboratory tests measuring thyroid function were studied in euthyroid controls and in patients with toxic diffuse or toxic multinodular goitre. Density functions were fitted to the empirical data and the goodness of fit was evaluated by the use of the χ2-test. In a few instances there was a significant difference but the material available was in some respects too small to allow a very accurate estimation. The normal limits for each variable was defined by the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles. It appears that in some instances these limits are too rigorous from the practical point of view. It is emphasized that the crossing point of the functions for euthyroid controls and hyperthyroid patients may be a better limit to use. In a preliminary analysis of the diagnostic efficiency the variables of total or free hormone concentration in the blood proved clearily superior to all other variables.

scholarly journals Effects of Clonostachys rosea f. catenula Inoculum on the Composting of Cabbage Wastes and the Endophytic Activities of the Composted Material on Tomatoes and Red Spider Mite Infestation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1184
Author(s):  
Nomfusi Ntsobi ◽  
Morris Fanadzo ◽  
Marilize Le Roes-Hill ◽  
Felix Nchu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Red Spider Mite ◽  
Phytotoxicity Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

Globally, fungal inocula are being explored as agents for the optimization of composting processes. This research primarily evaluates the effects of inoculating organic vegetable heaps with the entomopathogenic fungus Clonostachys rosea f. catenula (Hypocreales) on the biophysicochemical properties of the end-product of composting. Six heaps of fresh cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) waste were inoculated with C. rosea f. catenula conidia and another six were not exposed to the fungus. The composted materials from the fungus- and control-treated heaps were subsequently used as a medium to cultivate tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). The biophysicochemical characteristics of the composted materials were also assessed after composting. In addition, the protective effect of the fungal inoculum against red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) infestations in the tomatoes was evaluated through the determination of conidial colonization of the plant tissue and the number of plants infested by the insect. Furthermore, phytotoxicity tests were carried out post experiment. There were few significant variations (p < 0.05) in heap temperature or moisture level between treatments based on the weekly data. We found no significant differences in the levels of compost macronutrient and micronutrient constituents. Remarkably, the composted materials, when incorporated into a growth medium from fungus-treated heaps, induced a 100% endophytic tissue colonization in cultivated tomato plants. While fewer red spider mite infestations were observed in tomato plants grown in composted materials from fungus-treated heaps, the difference was not significant (χ2 = 0.96 and p = 0.32). The fungal treatment yielded composted materials that significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced tomato seed germination, and based on the phytotoxicity test, the composted samples from the heaps exposed to the C. rosea f. catenula inoculum were not toxic to tomato seeds and seedlings. In conclusion, this study showed that C. rosea f. catenula improved the quality of composted materials in terms of fungal endophytism and seed germination.

scholarly journals How to Handle Co-authorship When Not Everyone’s Research Contributions Make It into the Paper

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert Helgesson ◽  
Zubin Master ◽  
William Bülow
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Publication Ethics ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Authorship Credit ◽  
Final Manuscript ◽  
Specific Paper

AbstractWhile much of the scholarly work on ethics relating to academic authorship examines the fair distribution of authorship credit, none has yet examined situations where a researcher contributes significantly to the project, but whose contributions do not make it into the final manuscript. Such a scenario is commonplace in collaborative research settings in many disciplines and may occur for a number of reasons, such as excluding research in order to provide the paper with a clearer focus, tell a particular story, or exclude negative results that do not fit the hypothesis. Our concern in this paper is less about the reasons for including or excluding data from a paper and more about distributing credit in this type of scenario. In particular, we argue that the notion ‘substantial contribution’, which is part of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) authorship criteria, is ambiguous and that we should ask whether it concerns what ends up in the paper or what is a substantial contribution to the research process leading up to the paper. We then argue, based on the principles of fairness, due credit, and ensuring transparency and accountability in research, that the latter interpretation is more plausible from a research ethics point of view. We conclude that the ICMJE and other organizations interested in authorship and publication ethics should consider including guidance on authorship attribution in situations where researchers contribute significantly to the research process leading up to a specific paper, but where their contribution is finally omitted.

scholarly journals Non-TZF Protein AtC3H59/ZFWD3 Is Involved in Seed Germination, Seedling Development, and Seed Development, Interacting with PPPDE Family Protein Desi1 in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4738
Author(s):  
Hye-Yeon Seok ◽  
Hyungjoon Bae ◽  
Taehyoung Kim ◽  
Syed Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi ◽  
Linh Vu Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Ccch Zinc Finger ◽  
Family Protein ◽  
Wd40 Domain ◽  
Primary Root Length

Despite increasing reports on the function of CCCH zinc finger proteins in plant development and stress response, the functions and molecular aspects of many non-tandem CCCH zinc finger (non-TZF) proteins remain uncharacterized. AtC3H59/ZFWD3 is an Arabidopsis non-TZF protein and belongs to the ZFWD subfamily harboring a CCCH zinc finger motif and a WD40 domain. In this study, we characterized the biological and molecular functions of AtC3H59, which is subcellularly localized in the nucleus. The seeds of AtC3H59-overexpressing transgenic plants (OXs) germinated faster than those of wild type (WT), whereas atc3h59 mutant seeds germinated slower than WT seeds. AtC3H59 OX seedlings were larger and heavier than WT seedlings, whereas atc3h59 mutant seedlings were smaller and lighter than WT seedlings. Moreover, AtC3H59 OX seedlings had longer primary root length than WT seedlings, whereas atc3h59 mutant seedlings had shorter primary root length than WT seedlings, owing to altered cell division activity in the root meristem. During seed development, AtC3H59 OXs formed larger and heavier seeds than WT. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we isolated Desi1, a PPPDE family protein, as an interacting partner of AtC3H59. AtC3H59 and Desi1 interacted via their WD40 domain and C-terminal region, respectively, in the nucleus. Taken together, our results indicate that AtC3H59 has pleiotropic effects on seed germination, seedling development, and seed development, and interacts with Desi1 in the nucleus via its entire WD40 domain. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the biological functions of the ZFWD protein and Desi1 in Arabidopsis.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Impact on Medical Practice in Sub-Saharan Africa; The Need to Guard Against Medical Negligence: A Case Report in a Health Care Facility in Kumasi, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 2632010X2110253
Author(s):  
Paul Poku Sampene Ossei ◽  
William Gilbert Ayibor ◽  
John Taylor ◽  
Lawrence Agyemang ◽  
Kwabena Owusu Aninkora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Negative Results

With the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) still in pandemic mode, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the African continent has experienced continued growth in the total tally. According to the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the virus has spread to almost all 54 recognized African countries. Figures from the CDC indicate that the highly affected countries include South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria, Algeria, Morocco, and Ghana (with more than 55 000 cases and 400 deaths as of the time of writing). The WHO and the United Nations have projected the ongoing pandemic could push medical practitioners toward high rates of clinical misdiagnosis. So far, the coronavirus pandemic has been more devastating and life-threatening than the usual seasonal flu. As of the time of writing, here is presently no proven vaccine or treatment for the disease, with the vaccines still under development; hence, a timely and accurate diagnosis could prove critical. Patients can also receive supportive care earlier if they are diagnosed early. Considering the fact that the coronavirus infection mimics the signs and symptoms of normal flu and other respiratory infections, a problem now emerges, where these symptoms are treated as manifestations of the deadly virus. This has caused a diagnostic dilemma in the absence of laboratory tests with new cases adding to the pool daily. In Ghana, many patients on suspicion of flu-like symptoms are sometimes denied the care so deserved due to the stigma associated with the disease, often in cases where laboratory tests are absent. This study is a postmortem report of a client who died while on admission at a private medical facility. It was an unconfirmed case of COVID-19, and the client was left unattended to and died, having spent 8 days on the ward. His test report was not done initially, but the diagnosis was purely based on suspicion. Nasopharyngeal swabs conducted on the fifth day of admission proved negative. Results became available on the day of the client’s demise. Postmortem findings established the actual cause of death, and it was not COVID-19 related.

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