Carciniculture solid waste increases the morphophysiological characteristics of tomato seedlings

Appropriate waste handling is a concern in the fishing industry, seeking to minimize harm to the environment. This study aimed to evaluate vegetative growth at different concentrations of solid residue from shrimp farming in tomato seedlings. Tomato seeds cv. Santa Clara were sown in trays with substrate, until uniform germination and further development for transplant. The concentrations of the shrimp residue were mixed with coconut powder for use in the following treatments: coconut powder (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20 g of shrimp residue, with 8 replicates per treatment. After 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after transplant, the number of leaves and the length of the aerial part were evaluated. At the 50th day, the remaining phytotechnical, physiological and X-ray microanalysis characteristics were evaluated. The three parts of the solid residues were rich in macro and micronutrientes (Fe > Zn > Ca > S > P > Mn > Na > Mg > K > N). The plants grown with different concentrations of shrimp residue had a significant difference for the photosynthetic rate and transpiratory rate, starting at 10 g kg-1. The use of the P3 shrimp residue (cephalothorax + abdomen) was promising and could replace the use of fertilizers in the development of plants, reducing the amount of material released to the environment and easing degradation. The concentration of 10 g kg-1 of shrimp residue was efficient for the morphophysiological development of the tomato plants cv. Santa Clara.

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Growth and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) as Influenced by Poultry Manure and Biochar in Two (2) Soil Depths

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2020/v42i330484 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 55-63

Author(s):

F. B. Musa ◽

F. O. Abiodun ◽

A. R. Falana ◽

B. H. Ugege ◽

R. V. Oyewumi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

And Control

Background and Objective: Unproductive soil has been a major problem to farmers, recent interest in the use of a stable organic manure (biochar) as soil amendment and poultry manure to increase soil fertility is also increasing. Hence, the experiment was conducted to assess the condition of poultry manure and biochar on the growth and yield of tomato. Materials and Methods: A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Federal College of Forestry Ibadan, using polyethylene bag with 5 kg soil collected at two (2) soils depths, 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depth at the botanical garden, Federal College of Forestry Ibadan. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The treatments used were poultry manure (5t/ha), biochar (10t/ha), mixture of poultry manure and biochar (1:1) and control (no amendment).The tomato seeds (UC82B) were sourced from NIHORT, Ibadan and raised in a germination basket. Data were collected weekly on plant height, collar diameter and number of leaves, 50% days to flowering and yield of tomato plants from two weeks after transplanting (WAT). Data collected were analyzed statistically using ANOVA while means were separated using LSD (p<0.05) where applicable. Results: In 0-15 cm soil, the growth variables (plant height, number of leaves and collar diameter) increased with various treatments used. The highest tomato height was observed with the application of biochar (10t/ha). All the treatments applied affected the number of tomato leaves at all weeks after transplanting (WAT) with poultry manure 5t/ha having the highest number of leaves at 7WAT, while collar diameter was significantly affected by various treatments from 2 to 5 WAT, with the mixture of P.M + BIO (1:1) recording the highest value and the control plot recorded the least values in all weeks. However, in 15-30 cm soil, there was significant difference in the number of leaves of tomato among all the amended soil from 5 to 7 WAT, the highest tomato leaves were obtained when the soil was amended with poultry manure (5t/ha) and can be compared with other treatments. Interaction of poultry manure and biochar(1:1) and poultry manure 5 t/ha resulted in highest height of tomato plant from 3-7 WAT as compared to the control that had the least value but were not significantly different from the sole application of biochar 10t/ha. Interaction of poultry manure + biochar (1:1) and poultry manure (5t/ha) gave the highest tomato flowering and fruits. Conclusion: Based on this result, biochar and poultry manure when added to soil, boosted the mineralization of the soil after amendment.

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Phenotypic and molecular variability of maize (Zea mays L.) Induced with X-ray

Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences ◽

10.4314/jafs.v18i2.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Odunayo Joseph Olawuyi ◽

David Franklin Igata ◽

Akinlolu Olalekan Akanmu ◽

Abeeb Abiodun Azeez

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Principal Component ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Leaf Width ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Leaf Biomass ◽

Group Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Number Of Leaves

Ten genotypes of maize collected from National Center for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB) were induced with X-ray for morphological and molecular assessment. The experimental design was complete randomized design with four replicates. Morphological and molecular statistical analyses of treated genotypes were conducted using SAS and Power Maker Packages, respectively while dendrogram was generated using Jaccards similarity coefficient using Unweighted Paired Group Method and Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA). The study revealed significant difference which is an indication of genetic variation of characters in treated maize. Genotype DTSR-Wco performed best in plant height (62.35 cm), leaf length (62.35 cm), number of leaves (3.15), leaf width (7.55 cm) and dry leaf biomass (0.24 g). X-ray at 90 Kv/mass, 95 Kv/mass and 100 Kv/mass decreased plant heights to 54.25cm, 53.87cm and 54.10cm respectively compared to Control. Heritability estimate was greater than 70% for all characters evaluated. Genotype TZM 1551 at 0 Kv/mass yielded the highest concentration of DNA at 2841.60 ng/ul and the highest genomic DNA concentration was obtained at 95 Kv/mass for TZM 132 with 1.91%. Primer BMC 1755 was most polymorphic with 58.77% in treated maize genotypes. The plant height was strongly correlated with leaf length (r=0.9), leaf width (r=0.76) and number of leaves (r=0.77). Principal component analysis showed close relationship between plant height (-0.03) and leaf length (0.05) compared with leaf width (-0.67) and number of leaves (0.69). Dry shoot biomass (0.05) was closely related to dry root biomass (-0.03) and dry leaf biomass (-0.04).

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Fungal and bacterial population from spent mushroom substrate used to cultivate tomato plants

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-7054202044010120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

Author(s):

Tatiana Silveira Junqueira de Moraes ◽

Lívia Martinez Abreu Soares Costa ◽

Thiago Pereira Souza ◽

Carolina Figueiredo Collela ◽

Eustáquio Souza Dias

Keyword(s):

Agaricus Bisporus ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Bacterial Population ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Spent Mushroom Substrate ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Tomato Seedlings ◽

Representative Samples ◽

Vegetable Seedlings

ABSTRACT The production of tomato seedlings is conducted on commercial substrates with adequate properties for the good formation of the aerial part and root. The Spent Mushroom Substrate, or SMS, presents advantages over commercial substrates regarding the quality of the vegetable seedlings, which may be provided by the presence of a rich microbiota, bringing higher balance and competition with pathogenic microorganisms, in addition to the biological control of pathogens and nematodes. It is important to know the microbiota present in this material and its relation to the plant, in order for this association to occur in the best manner possible. This work had the objective of identifying the microbiota present in the rhizosphere of tomato seedlings produced in SMS of Agaricus subrufescens and Agaricus bisporus mushrooms, added or not with commercial substrate. The microbiota was analyzed by DGGE and the representative samples were sequenced in order to identify the species. Among the eukaryotes, the Chaetomium globosum, Arthrobotrys amerospora species were predominant in the A. subrufescens SMS, and Geastrum floriforme, Chrysosporium chiropterum, Pleurotus sp., and Trichosporon sp. in the A. bisporus SMS. Prokaryotes are the most diverse group, suggesting a large number of species not yet classified or which sequences are not yet available.

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Ruellia simplex cuttings propagation produced on carnauba waste substrate

Revista Agro mbiente On-line ◽

10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v14i0.6185 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Taciella Fernandes Silva ◽

Klayton Antonio Do Lago Lopes ◽

Janaiane Ferreira Dos Santos ◽

Ana Paula De Almeida Sousa ◽

Francisca Gislene Albano-Machado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Fresh Mass ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Shoot Number ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The production of quality seedlings is necessary for the trading of ornamental plants. Seedling quality depends on several factors, among these factors, the substrate is highlighted. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of substrates based on bagana of carnauba, in the production of Ruellia simplex seedlings, by vegetative propagation. A completely randomized design was adopted, with six treatments and four replications. The treatments (substrates) were composed of bagana of carnauba (BC) and soil, in the following proportions: BC0 - 0% BC + 100% of soil; BC20 - 20% BC + 80% of soil; BC40 - 40% BC + 60% of soil; BC60 - 60% BC + 40% of soil; BC80 - 80% BC + 20% of soil; BC100 - 100% BC + 0% of soil. The plot consisted of a plant. After 45 days of cutting, it was evaluated: number of shoots; number of leaves per shoot; diameter of the highest shoot; length of the highest shoot; root length; inflorescence number; number of flowers per inflorescence; leaf area; root volume; aerial part fresh mass; root system fresh mass; aerial part dry mass; and root system dry mass. There was a significant difference for the variables, number of leaves per shoot, diameter and length of the highest shoot, number of flowers per inflorescence, fresh and dry mass of the aerial part. Having a direct relationship between the increase in the proportion of bagana of carnauba volume and the inflorescence number, the substrate 100% of bagana of carnauba is indicated.

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Trichoderma Activity in Seed Germination, Promoting Seedling Growth and Rhizocompetence in Tomato Plants

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v12n10p252 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 252

Author(s):

S. C. L. Montalvão ◽

E. Marques ◽

J. B. T. Silva ◽

J. P. Silva ◽

S. C. M. Mello

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Root Length ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Point Of View ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Tomato Seedlings ◽

Negative Results ◽

Trichoderma Isolates

Tomato is one of the most important plant species from an economic and social point of view. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the use of beneficial microorganisms in agriculture, and some of them are being commercialized as biopesticidal and biofertilizer formulations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of twenty (20) Trichoderma isolates to stimulate seed germination, colonize the roots, and promoting growth on tomato seedlings. In laboratory tests, it was possible to observe germination induction and longer root length, in addition to greater length of hypocotyls. However, in some cases, the presence of cotyledon lesions in the seedlings was observed, but without interference in the number and vigor of seedlings from inoculated seeds. In the greenhouse, the action of isolates as growth promoters was verified, due to the increase in the weight and length of roots and the aerial part of tomato plants. Twelve isolates were selected for the rhizocompetence assay, in which the ability to colonize the rhizosphere and also the plant rhizoplane was observed. None of the tests showed negative results in the evaluated parameters.

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Initial sunflower development (Helianthus annus L.) subject to increasing doses of nitrogen and potassium

Scientific Electronic Archives ◽

10.36560/131020201129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

D. Riva ◽

R. H. R. P. Ribeiro ◽

R. V. Xavier ◽

L. S. F. Lima ◽

V. S. Sousa

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Root Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Pet Bottles ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Helianthus Annus ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

The Difference ◽

Shoot Weight

The present study was carried out in the greenhouse of the IFMT Campus Confresa-MT, from April 20 t0 June 06, 2018, the trial containing 10 treatments with 4 repetitions, 5 treatments submiited to increasing doses of nitrogen and 5 treatments submiited to increasing doses of potassium, For doses of N 0,20,40,60 and 80 kg ha-1 were and for doses of K, 0,10,20,30,40 k ha‑1 the fertilizations were made with. 7,14 and 21 days after the emergence of the plants. The experiment was installed in 2 Lt, 2 dcm³ pet bottles. The characteristics evaluated were stem diameter (DC), number of leaves (NF), plant height (AP), fresh shoot weight (MPFA), fresh root weight (MFR), it was observed that statistically all treatments had a significant difference at 1% probability, plus some hypotheses that can be described that in the evaluation number of leaves at increasing doses of potassium, the control had a higher average result. Light, standardized doses of ferti-irrigation etc. nevertheless an extremely importante result for the discussion and for carrying out experiments in the fututre, however the best answers were if obtained in the variables fresh weight of the aerial part (MFPA) and fresh mass of the root (MFR), in the future we may have more results, with the repetition of the experimente and see the difference between them.

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Cyclamen Leaf Unfolding Rate in Response to Temperature

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.447d ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 447d-447

Author(s):

Meriam Karlsson ◽

Jeffrey Werner

Keyword(s):

Day Length ◽

Leaf Number ◽

Cyclamen Persicum ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Leaf Unfolding ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Growth Chambers ◽

Response To Temperature

Nine-week-old plants of Cyclamen persicum `Miracle Salmon' were transplanted into 10-cm pots and placed in growth chambers at 8, 12, 16, 20, or 24 °C. The irradiance was 10 mol/day per m2 during a 16-h day length. After 8 weeks, the temperature was changed to 16 °C for all plants. Expanded leaves (1 cm or larger) were counted at weekly intervals for each plant. The rate of leaf unfolding increased with temperature to 20 °C. The fastest rate at 20 °C was 0.34 ± 0.05 leaf/day. Flower buds were visible 55 ± 7 days from start of temperature treatments (118 days from seeding) for the plants grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C. Flower buds appeared 60 ± 6.9 days from initiation of treatments for plants grown at 24 °C and 93 ± 8.9 days for cyclamens grown at 8 °C. Although there was no significant difference in rate of flower bud appearance for cyclamens grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C, the number of leaves, flowers, and flower buds varied significantly among all temperature treatments. Leaf number at flowering increased from 38 ± 4.7 for plants at 12 °C to 77 ± 8.3 at 24 °C. Flowers and flower buds increased from 18 ± 2.9 to 52 ± 11.0 as temperature increased from 12 to 24 °C. Plants grown at 8 °C had on average 6 ± 2 visible flower buds, but no open flowers at termination of the study (128 days from start of treatments).

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Novel Hybrid Compounds Containing Benzofuroxan and Aminothiazole Scaffolds: Synthesis and Evaluation of Their Anticancer Activity

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22147497 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 7497

Author(s):

Elena Chugunova ◽

Gabriele Micheletti ◽

Dario Telese ◽

Carla Boga ◽

Daut Islamov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anticancer Agents ◽

Normal Liver ◽

Mitochondrial Pathway ◽

Reaction Pathways ◽

Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution ◽

X Ray ◽

Hybrid Compounds ◽

Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction ◽

Further Development

A series of novel hybrid compounds containing benzofuroxan and 2-aminothiazole moieties are synthesized via aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction. Possible reaction pathways have been considered quantum-chemically, which allowed us to suggest the most probable products. The quantum chemical results have been proved by X-ray data on one compound belonging to the synthesized series. It was shown that the introduction of substituents to both the thiazole and amine moieties of the compounds under study strongly influences their UV/Vis spectra. Initial substances and obtained hybrid compounds have been tested in vitro as anticancer agents. Target compounds showed selectivity towards M-HeLa tumor cell lines and were found to be more active than starting benzofuroxan and aminothiazoles. Furthermore, they are considerably less toxic to normal liver cells compared to Тamoxifen. The mechanism of action of the studied compounds can be associated with the induction of apoptosis, which proceeds along the mitochondrial pathway. Thus, new hybrids of benzofuroxan are promising candidates for further development as anticancer agents.

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Crystal structure of pimecrolimus Form B, C43H68ClNO11

Powder Diffraction ◽

10.1017/s088571562100004x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 35-42

Author(s):

Shivang Bhaskar ◽

Joseph T. Golab ◽

James A. Kaduk ◽

Amy M. Gindhart ◽

Thomas N. Blanton

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Powder Diffraction ◽

Density Functional ◽

Van Der Waals Interactions ◽

Powder Diffraction File ◽

X Ray ◽

Weak Intermolecular Interactions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Atomic Coordinates ◽

Solid State Conformation

The crystal structure of pimecrolimus Form B has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional techniques. Pimecrolimus crystallizes in the space group P21 (#4) with a = 15.28864(7), b = 13.31111(4), c = 10.95529(5) Å, β = 96.1542(3)°, V = 2216.649(9) Å3, and Z = 2. Although there are an intramolecular six-ring hydrogen bond and some larger chain and ring patterns, the crystal structure is dominated by van der Waals interactions. There is a significant difference between the conformation of the Rietveld-refined and the DFT-optimized structures in one portion of the macrocyclic ring. Although weak, intermolecular interactions are apparently important in determining the solid-state conformation. The powder pattern is included in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®) as entry 00-066-1619. This study provides the atomic coordinates to be added to the PDF entry.

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Integration of Dental Implants in Conjunction with EDTA-Conditioned Dentin Grafts: An Experimental Study

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj9060063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Payam Farzad ◽

Ted Lundgren ◽

Adel Al-Asfour ◽

Lars Andersson ◽

Christer Dahlin

Keyword(s):

Direct Contact ◽

Mineral Content ◽

X Rays ◽

X Ray ◽

Dentin Surface ◽

Significant Difference ◽

C And N ◽

Micro Implants ◽

Demineralized Dentin

This study was undertaken to investigate the integration of titanium micro-implants installed in conjunction with previously dentin-grafted areas and to study the morphological appearance, mineral content, and healing pattern of xenogenic EDTA-conditioned dentin blocks and granules grafted to cavities in the tibial bone of rabbits. Demineralized and non-demineralized dentin blocks and granules from human premolars were implanted into cavities prepared on the lateral aspects of the tibias of rabbits. After a healing period of six months, micro-implants were installed at each surgical site. Histological examinations were carried out after 24 weeks. Characterization of the EDTA-conditioned dentin blocks was performed by means of light microscopy, dental X-rays, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). No implants were found to be integrated in direct contact with the dentin particles or blocks. On the EDTA-conditioned dentin surface, the organic marker elements C and N dominated, as revealed by EDX. The hydroxyapatite constituents Ca and P were almost absent on the dentin surface. No statistically significant difference was observed between the EDTA-conditioned and non-demineralized dentin, as revealed by BIC and BA. The bone-inductive capacity of the dentin material seemed limited, although demineralization by means of EDTA indicated higher BIC and BA values in conjunction with the installed implants in the area. A 12 h EDTA treatment did not fully decalcify the grafts, as revealed by X-ray analysis.

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