scholarly journals Socio-economic Impact of Chinese Agribusiness Entrepreneurs in Russian Far East on Local Farmers

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Fujin Yi ◽  
Richard T. Gudaj ◽  
Valeria Arefieva ◽  
Renata Yanbykh ◽  
Svetlana Mishchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Chinese Workers ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Local Farmers

Since the liberalization of the Sino-Soviet border in 1990’s, Chinese farmers have been actively engaged in the economy of Russian Far East. Literature suggests that Chinese workers fill a labour shortage, contribute positively to local food security, with negative impacts being more socially normative and political, than economic. So far no economic empirical research exists about Chinese farmers’ presence in Russian Far East. On the basis of a panel data, an econometric model was used to analyse socio-economic impact of Chinese agribusiness entrepreneurs in Russian Far East on local households. Regression models show that presence of Chinese farmers in Russian Far East increases the probability of higher well-being, farm income, food costs and share of Chinese food purchased among Russian Far East households. These results suggest that benefits of cooperation with Chinese farmers and retailers should not be ignored when designing policies towards sustainable development of rural areas in Russian Far East. Possible environmental, social and economic externalities of further soybean production in Russian Far East are also discussed.

THE CHINESE FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN THE BORDER REGION OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST: RESULTS OF 2000-2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Svetlana N. Mishchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Far East ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Foreign Labor ◽  
Chinese Workers ◽  
The Russian Far East

Attracting foreign capital entails the use of foreign labor. External labor resources have been one of the factors in the development of agriculture in the Far Eastern regions over the past 20 years. Attraction of foreign labor and investment in the agriculture of the regions has ambiguous consequences for the development of these regions. The current situation in the spring of 2020, associated with the closure of the borders of the Russian Federation, revealed the role of the Chinese factor for the regions of the Russian Far East. The peculiarities of attracting Chinese workers to the agriculture of the Russian regions are well traced in the example of the Jewish Autonomous Region, which is located on the border with Heilongjiang Province (PRC). The peculiarities of the region's geographical location influenced the formation of stable Russian-Chinese relations in agriculture. The paper examines the processes of Russian-Chinese interaction in agriculture on the example of the Jewish Autonomous Region. The change in the role of Chinese citizens in the development of agriculture and rural areas of the border region of the Russian Far East is shown. Two periods of Russian-Chinese interaction in agriculture of the Jewish Autonomous Region are highlighted and characterized. The first period (early 2000s - late 2000s) is characterized by a decrease in the area of arable land in the region, attracting cheaper Chinese migrants by local and Chinese agricultural producers. The second period of 2010-2020, this time, a system of lending to local farmers by Chinese partners for the future harvest, an increase in the area of arable land, an increase in the yuan exchange rate led to a higher level of wages of Chinese workers. Chinese farmers are hiring local people. It is concluded that the peculiarity of the development of agriculture with the participation of the Chinese factor in the Russian Far East is that the Chinese were present and are present as investors, producers, workers, and farmers. In addition, most of the soybeans produced in the region are exported to China.

Approaches to the definition of territorial backwardness in the regional development management

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
E. B. Veprikova ◽  
◽  
A. A. Kislenok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Development Management ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Definition Of

Reducing the level of interregional differentiation is one of the problems in spatial development management according to the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation. Presence of significant regional imbalances hampers formation of a common economic, social, cultural, and institutional space and lead to a creation of backward territories which lag behind in the development. The focus of public policy measures on the centers of economic growth, with the concentration of financial and labor resources, without solving the problems of backward territories does not bring the expected effect – overall development and well-being. Local effects in the absence of positive changes in other territories result in the increase in imbalances, which limit the overall effectiveness of the public policy. At the same time, a steadily increasing lag may cause a loss of potential of economic growth and thus forms backward territories. The creation of territorial backwardness is a gradual process. Therefore, diagnosing the state of the territory and identifying the signs of increasing depression is an essential issue of public administration. The article presents the main approaches to the definition of territorial backwardness used in the Russia and overseas, it also reviews the determinants of backward territories. Different methods for identification of backwardness in the territorial development have been tested on the basis of the regions of the Russian Far East.

Chinese Technology Transfer to Local Farmers in the Russian Far East

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 1483-1509
Author(s):  
Fujin Yi ◽  
Richard T. Gudaj ◽  
Valeria Arefieva ◽  
Renata Yanbykh ◽  
Svetlana Mishchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Local Farmers ◽  
The Russian Far East

scholarly journals The Socio-Economic Impact of Migration on the Labor Market in the Romanian Danube Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8654
Author(s):  
Bogdan-Cristian Chiripuci ◽  
Marius Constantin ◽  
Maria-Floriana Popescu ◽  
Albert Scrieciu
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Danube Region ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Standpoint

The dynamics of the labor market have been significantly influenced and impacted in recent decades by the scale of globalization, not only from a socio-economic standpoint, but also from the perspective of generating the premises of destroying boundaries. Taking this into consideration, our research is aimed at highlighting the socio-economic impact of migration on the labor market in the Romanian Danube Region in order to create a framework which can be used when elaborating a solid action plan meant to increase the socio-economic attractivity in the analyzed region. This research was carried out by resorting to the multicriterial analysis, aimed at quantifying the state of development of the analyzed counties from the perspective of clearly defined socio-economic indicators. Additionally, the linear regression research method was applied in order to ensure a more in-depth analysis of the relationship between local employment and the departure from domicile. The main finding was that Mehedinţi County has greater potential for socio-economic development than the neighboring county, even though the population is not encouraged to remain in the rural areas, one of the reasons being the lack of attractiveness of the local labor market. The designed econometric model confirms (66.17%) this result in the case of the localities part of Mehedinţi County.

scholarly journals The position of women in the Far East villages in the period of «late» socialism

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-295
Author(s):  
Andrey Aleksandrovich Grinko
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Far East ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Late Socialism ◽  
The One ◽  
Working And Living Conditions

The paper analyzes the transformation of the female rural population position of the Far East in the USSR in 1970 - the first half of 1980 under the influence of a set of factors. The peculiarities of the geographical location of the region, its level of development, acceleration of life processes in rural areas, rapid dissemination of information and other factors had a significant impact on rural women. This influence was controversial and ambiguous. On the one hand, the role of a woman in the family changed, her activity as an employee increased, her well-being, cultural and educational level increased. On the other hand, becoming more independent, the woman aspired to better working and living conditions, career growth, free time increase, but in rural areas it was difficult. Despite the special attention of the state to the Far East and the activities aimed at the development of rural areas, life in the villages did not meet the urban views of local residents. The result of this transformation was a focus on childlessness for a large part of young people and moving to urban areas. Against the background of the village it was perceived as an incomparably better place of residence.

scholarly journals RESOLUSI KONFLIK DUNIA USAHA DENGAN MASYARAKAT Kajian Sosial Budaya Resolusi Konflik antara Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit dengan Petani Plasma dan Masyarakat Dayak di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat

Sosio Informa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oetami Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Communal Lands ◽  
The Government ◽  
Local Farmers

Oil-palm estates are believed by the government as a business undertaking to boost thewell-being of the peasants and provide job opportunities in rural areas. Oil-palm estates are also believed to be able to boost economic growth of provinces. In establishing oil-palm estates, the government prompts cooperation pattern between the capital holders (private companies) and the local farmers in model called People’s Nucleus Estates (Perusahaan Inti Rakyat – PIR) in which the company provides the capital, technology and the management of marketing, while the local farmers provide the lands and the labour.West Kalimantan is a region preferred to develop oil-palm estates for the vast area of “no man’s vacant lands” and the oil-palm estate companies are expected to conduct the transfer of technology to the local horticulturalists (agriculturalists with Swidden/slash burn cultivation) so that the well-being of the locals get increased. This paper describes that the plasma smallholding plantation planters need more affirmative from the state to protect not only their land but also their culture to increase economic and social development for their social welfare. The problems started when the communal lands the local communities managed as agricultural lands to sustain their life and as reserves for additional income were taken over by the company. As the population number of the plasma smallholding plantation planters’ family grew while the oil-palm at their smallholding plantation produced less and less due to the old age, the planters assumed that the company had no attention to the planters’ economic problems.Key Words : the plasma smallholding plantation, People’s Nucleus Estates

scholarly journals DAMPAK PERUBAHAN DARI POLA PERLADANGAN TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI TRANSMIGRAN LOKAL (Suatu Kasus di Wilayah Transmigrasi Umum Sabung SP 1 Kabupaten Sambas Provinsi Kalimantan Barat) - The Impact Of Changes From Shifting Cultivation Patterns On The Welfare Of Local Transmigrant Farmers (in The Case Of A General Transmigration Sabung Sp 1 District Sambas West Kalimantan Province)

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Warman
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Total Income ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Adoption Of Innovations ◽  
Local Farmers

AbstrakSalah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani ladang berpindah adalah dengan cara mengubah pola pertanian mereka menjadi pola pertanian menetap di lokasi transmigrasi. Tujuan penelitian  adalah : (1) Mengetahui keragaan fenomena interaksi sosial yang terjadi antara sesama petani transmigran lokal dan antara transmigran lokal dengan transmigran pendatang (2) Mengetahui proses introduksi dan adopsi  inovasi baik yang diserap dari sesama petani atau pun dari penyuluh pertanian (3) Mengetahui pencapaian adopsi inovasi teknologi oleh petani transmigran lokal dan pengaruhnya terhadap tingkat pendapatan mereka (4) Mengetahui pengaruh serapan inovasi dari sesama petani dan sikap petani terhadap kegiatan penyuluhan; ketersediaan lembaga pendukung usahatani; serta potensi Internal keluarga tani terhadap adopsi inovasi teknologi petani transmigran lokal (5) Mengukur pencapaian kesejahteraan materil dan non materil petani transmigran lokal. Penelitian ini merupakan kasus di lokasi Transmigrasi Sabung SP 1 Kabupaten Sambas Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Merupakan penelitian survey dan alat analisis yang digunakan adalah Path Analisis dan Uji Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa : a) Berkembangnya sikap kompromistis b) Belum terbentuk kepemimpinan informal. c)  Terbentuknya akulturasi dalam hal bahasa. d) Sikap petani transmigran lokal terhadap transmigran pendatang berkorelasi positif dengan rentang jarak sosial diantara mereka. e)  Rentang jarak sosial berkorelasi positif terhadap kondisi tingkat keharmonisan interaksi sosial, namun tingkat keharmonisan interaksi sosial ini tidak berpengaruh terhadap aspek kesejahteraan non materil petani transmigran lokal f)  Serapan inovasi teknologi petani transmigran lokal terkategori sangat rendah sampai rendah. g)  Transmigran lokal dan transmigran pendatang secara timbal balik saling menyerap inovasi teknologi. Tingkat keharmonisan interaksi sosial antara mereka mempengaruhi tingkat serapan inovasi, sehingga berpengaruh terhadap tingkat adopsi inovasi oleh transmigran lokal. h) Tingkat serapan inovasi dari sesama petani lebih dominan dibanding   serapan inovasi dari penyuluh. i)  Tingkat adopsi inovasi transmigran lokal berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pendapatan usahatani, namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pendapatan total mereka. j) Tingkat serapan inovasi dari sesama petani berpengaruh  terhadap tingkat adopsi inovasi oleh petani transmigran lokal, namun  sikap petani terhadap kegiatan penyuluhan, kondisi internal petani dan tingkat ketersediaan lembaga pendukung usahatani tidak berpengaruh terhadap adopsi inovasi petani transmigran lokal. k) Rerata tingkat pendapatan usahatani transmigran lokal sebelum mengikuti transmigrasi lebih besar dibanding setelah mengikuti transmigrasi. Tingkat pendapatan total mereka setelah mengikuti program transmigrasi lebih besar dibanding sebelum mengikuti transmigrasi. Tingkat kesejahteraan non materil petani lokal setelah mengikuti program transmigrasi berada pada  kategori memuaskan dan sangat memuaskan.Kata kunci : Perubahan pola pertanian, Transmigran lokal, Kesejahteraan materil,  Kesejahteraan Non materil, Transmigrasi.AbstractOne effort to improve the welfare of shifting cultivation farmers is a way to change the pattern of their farm into a pattern of sedentary agriculture in transmigration sites. The purpose of this study was to: (1) Determine the variability phenomenon of social interactions among local homesteader and between local homesteader with migrants (2) Knowing the introduction and adoption of innovations that are absorbed from fellow farmer or from agricultural extension (3) Knowing achieving the adoption of technological innovations by farmers and local homesteader influence on the level of their income (4) Determine the influence uptake of innovation among farmers and farmers' attitudes toward counseling activities; availability of farm support agencies; and the potential Internal family farm to adoption of technological innovations farmers through local homesteader (5) Measure the achievement of material and non-material well-being of migrants local farmers. This study was a case in Transmigration locations Sabung SP 1 Sambas district of West Kalimantan Province. Analysis tool used  Path Analysis and Wilcoxon test. The results of the study found that: a) The development of an attitude of compromise b) are formed informal leadership. c) Establishment of acculturation in terms of language. d) The attitude of local farmers against migrants positively correlated with a range of social distance between them. e) The range of social distance positively correlated to the degree of harmony conditions of social interaction, but the level of social interaction of this harmony does not affect the welfare of the non-material aspects of local homesteader farmer f) Uptake local homesteader farmer technological innovation categorized very low to low. g) Local Transmigrants absorb technological innovation of migrants and vice versa. The level of harmony between their social interactions affect the rate of uptake of innovation, so that the effect on the rate of innovation adoption by local homesteader. h) The rate of uptake of innovation among farmers is more dominant than the uptake of innovation extension. i) The rate of adoption of innovation local homesteader affect the level of farm income, but do not affect the level of their total income. j) The rate of uptake of innovation among farmers affect the rate of adoption of innovations by farmers local homesteader, but the attitude of farmers to extension activities, the internal conditions of farmers and farm-level availability of supporting agencies had no effect on the adoption of a local homesteader farmer innovation. k) The mean level of farm income before following local transmigration transmigration greater than after following transmigration. The level of their total income after transmigration program bigger than before following transmigration. The level of non-material well-being of the local farmers after the transmigration program in the category satisfactory and very satisfactory.Keywords: Changing patterns of farming, local Transmigran, material welfare, Non-material welfare, Transmigration.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Africa: socio-economic impact, policy response and opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peterson Ozili
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Response ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

PurposeThis paper examines the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 and the policy response in African countries.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses discourse analysis to analyse the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 in Africa.FindingsThe findings reveal that African countries have been affected by the coronavirus pandemic, and the effect was more severe for African regions compared to other regions. The rising pandemic affected social interaction and economic activities through the imposed social distancing policies that have different levels of strictness in several African countriesPractical implicationsThe implication of the findings is that social policies can affect the social and economic well-being of citizens. Secondly, the coronavirus outbreak has revealed how a biological crisis can be transformed to a sociological subject. The most important sociological consequence of the coronavirus outbreak for African citizens is the creation of social anxiety among families and households in the region. The outbreak has also shown how vulnerable African societies are in facing health hazards. Policymakers should enforce social policies that unite communities in bad times, to reduce social anxiety.Originality/valueThis is the first paper that explore the socio-economic impact of coronavirus and the policy response in African countries.

scholarly journals Impacts of Eurasian Transport Connectivity enhancement on Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 02001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuichi Shibasaki ◽  
Hirofumi Arai ◽  
Kentaro Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Maritime Shipping ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Network Simulation Model ◽  
Strategic Policies

As China has promoted the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) since 2014 and some CIS countries including Russia established Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in 2015, the trans-Eurasian land transport has gained attentions. Under this background, this paper examines two questions. The first question is how significantly the recent strategic policies such as BRI and EAEU could shift container cargo from maritime shipping and land transport. The other is how much the shift could affect Russian Far East. To answer these questions, the authors estimated their impacts on cargo volume using the intermodal network simulation model. The simulation results indicate that the cargo volume shifted would be about 10 percent of the total container flows between Asia and Europe, under our assumptions. Although the land transport has potential to increase cargo volume several times as the current level, the maritime shipping will be still a dominant mode in the intercontinental cargo transport. In addition, the simulation revealed possible negative impacts on Primorye region of Russia, while the shift will advance.

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