scholarly journals Automatic Promotion and Student Dropout: Evidence from Uganda, Using Propensity Score in Difference in Differences Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeje Moses Okurut

The impact of automatic promotion practice on students dropping out of Uganda’s primary education was assessed using propensity score in difference in differences analysis technique. The analysis strategy was instrumental in addressing the selection bias problem, as well as biases arising from common trends over time, and permanent latent differences between the treated and control groups. Probit regression results indicate a negative effect on the probability of students dropping out, but only at P3. There seems to be no policy effect at P6. Decomposing the effect incidence along school location shows the policy as having had an effect only on P3 students studying in urban schools; otherwise, there is no effect among students at P3 rural, P6 rural or P6 Urban. In terms of the gender component, automatic promotion appears to have had an effect on P3 male and female students and no effect on either sex at P6.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7191
Author(s):  
Valerie Paelman ◽  
Philippe Van Cauwenberge ◽  
Heidi Vander Bauwhede

We empirically test whether B Corp certification affects the short- and medium-term growth rates of sustainable enterprises. These businesses are growing in popularity and prevalence but, due to their hybrid nature, often suffer from external credibility issues and competing internal logics. Because of the rigorous and time-involving audit procedure, B Corp certification potentially sends a credible signal about the sustainable nature of the enterprise to its stakeholders. In addition, the B Corp label could help to straighten out internal tensions and align the company towards its dual purpose. Hence, B Corp certification could contribute to company success. We observe 129 firms that were certified between 2013 and 2018 over a period between six years prior and five years post-certification. Using propensity score matching, we identify 129 non-certified matching companies. On this sample, we conduct a difference-in-differences panel regression analysis to investigate the effect of certification. Our dataset allows us to study how the effects of B Corp certification evolve over time, which was previously untested. Our study documents a positive effect of B Corp certification on turnover growth and also that this effect increases with the time since certification, implying that certification requires some time for its full effect to become apparent.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 804
Author(s):  
Jean Dubé ◽  
Maha AbdelHalim ◽  
Nicolas Devaux

Many applications have relied on the hedonic pricing model (HPM) to measure the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for urban externalities and natural disasters. The classic HPM regresses housing price on a complete list of attributes/characteristics that include spatial or environmental amenities (or disamenities), such as floods, to retrieve the gradients of the market (marginal) WTP for such externalities. The aim of this paper is to propose an innovative methodological framework that extends the causal relations based on a spatial matching difference-in-differences (SM-DID) estimator, and which attempts to calculate the difference between sale price for similar goods within “treated” and “control” groups. To demonstrate the potential of the proposed spatial matching method, the researchers present an empirical investigation based on the case of a flood event recorded in the city of Laval (Québec, Canada) in 1998, using information on transactions occurring between 1995 and 2001. The research results show that the impact of flooding brings a negative premium on the housing price of about 20,000$ Canadian (CAN).


2021 ◽  
pp. 0143831X2110358
Author(s):  
Simon Ress ◽  
Florian Spohr

This contribution scrutinises how introducing a statutory minimum wage of EUR 8.50 per hour, in January 2015, impacted German employees’ decision with regard to union membership. Based on representative data from the Labour Market and Social Security panel, the study applies a logistic difference-in-differences propensity score matching approach on entries into and withdrawals from unions in the German Trade Union Confederation (Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund, DGB). The results show no separate effect on withdrawals from or entries into unions after the minimum wage introduction for those employees who benefited financially from it, but a significant increase of entries overall. Thus, unions’ campaign for a minimum wage strengthened their position in total but did not reverse the segmentation of union membership patterns.


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Tsvi Vinig

Purpose In the existing literature on crowdfunding project performance, previous studies have given little attention to the impact of investors’ hedonic value and utilitarian value on project results. In a crowdfunding setting, utilitarian value is somehow hard to satisfy due to information asymmetry and adverse selection problem. Therefore, the projects with more hedonic value can be more attractive for potential investors. Lucky draw is a method to increase consumer hedonic value, and it can influence investors’ behavior as a result. The authors hypothesize that projects with hedonic treatment (lucky draw) may have higher probability to win their campaign than others. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach A unique self-extracted two-year Chinese crowdfunding platform real data set has been applied as the analysis sample. The authors first employ propensity score matching methods to control for the endogeneity of hedonic treatment adoption (lucky draw). The authors then run OLS regression and probit regression in order to test the hypotheses. Findings The analysis suggests a significant positive relationship not only between project lottery adoption and project results but also between project lottery adoption and project popularity. Originality/value The results suggest that an often ignored factor – hedonic treatment (lucky draw) – can play an important role in crowdfunding project performance.


2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 644-644
Author(s):  
Stephen Thomas McSorley ◽  
Bo Khor ◽  
Campbell SD Roxburgh ◽  
Paul G. Horgan ◽  
Donald C McMillan

644 Background: Steroids given at the induction of anaesthesia are associated with a reduction in the magnitude of the postoperative systemic inflammatory response and fewer complications following elective surgery for colorectal cancer (McSorley et al. Ann Surg Oncol 2017;24(8):2104-2112). The present study examined their impact on survival. Methods: Patients who underwent elective surgery, with curative intent, for stage I-III colorectal cancer at a single centre between 2008 and 2016 were included. Data on preoperative dexamethasone was obtained from anaesthetic records, and its impact on cancer specific (CSS) and overall survival (OS) assessed using Cox regression in an unmatched (n=556) and a propensity score matched cohort (n=276) (Table 1). Results: After excluding postoperative mortalities (n=3), there were 98 deaths (18%), with 57 (10%) due to cancer. Of those alive at censoring, the median follow up was 47 months (range 16-110). In the unmatched cohort, there was no significant association between dexamethasone and CSS (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.52-1.53, p=0.688) or OS (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.63-1.43, p=0.804). In the propensity score matched cohort, there was no significant association between dexamethasone and CSS (HR 1.18, 95% CI 0.55-2.53, p=0.668) or OS (HR 1.21, 95% CI 0.67-2.17), p=0.532). Conclusions: These results suggest that whilst preoperative steroids are associated with improved short term outcomes following surgery for colorectal cancer, they have no negative effect on long term outcomes. [Table: see text]


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
Teriana Mardha Hidayat ◽  
Ali Muhson

This research aimed to find out the effectiveness of Think Pair Share (TPS) and Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) methods in improving student learning outcomes and cooperation skills. The population in this research were all students of class X IPS SMA N 2 Banguntapan in the academic year 2016/2017 which consisted of 98 people, divided into four parallel classes. The sampling technique is cluster sampling to classify the students into three classes, divided in experiment class 1, experiment 2, and control class which determined randomly. The data collection methods used were documentation, test, and observation techniques. The research type is quasi experiment with pretest-posttest control group design. The analysis technique used was descriptive statistical analysis and Multivariate Analysis of Variances (MANOVA). The results showed that TPS and TSTS methods were proven to be more effective than conventional ones in improving students’ learning outcomes. Students who were taught by TPS and TSTS methods were also proven to have better collaborative skills than students taught by conventional methods.


Author(s):  
Andita Novianti ◽  
Nicodemus Simu

This research aimed to analyze the impact of the debt policy, dividend policy, and the profitability of each proxied by DER, DPR and ROE thru the investment opportunity set with CAPBVA as the proxy. The population of this research is a trade service company, services and investments which are listed on the Stock Exchange. The sampling method used is purposive sampling, 19 companies are selected as research objects with 76 samples of data involved. Data analysis technique is used multiple linear regression analysis. The analytical tool used to process data is E-Views 8.0. The results of this research showed that the DER and DPR has a significant negative effect on IOS, while ROE has no significant effect on IOS. The influence proportion of the independent variables can explain IOS by 16.38 percent, while 83.62 percent is explained by other variables outside the research model.


2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Godard-Sebillotte ◽  
Sathya Karunananthan ◽  
Isabelle Vedel

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Eun Park ◽  
Tae Gun Shin ◽  
Ik Joon Jo ◽  
Kyeongman Jeon ◽  
Gee Young Suh ◽  
...  

Sepsis is a common cause of delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU). Recently, vitamin C and thiamine administration has been gaining interest as a potential adjunct therapy for sepsis. We investigated the impact of early vitamin C and thiamine administration on ICU delirium-free days among critically ill patients in septic shock. We performed a single-center, retrospective study of patients who visited the emergency department (ED) from January 2017 to July 2018. We categorized patients into a treatment (received vitamin C and thiamine) and control group. We compared delirium-free days within 14 days after ICU admission using propensity score matching. Of 435 patients with septic shock, we assigned 89 propensity score-matched pairs to the treatment and control groups. The median delirium-free days did not differ between treatment (11, interquartile range [IQR] 5–14 days) and control (12, IQR 6–14 days) groups (p = 0.894). Secondary outcomes were not different between the two groups, including delirium incidence and 28-day mortality. These findings were consistent after subgroup analysis for patients who met the sepsis-3 definition of septic shock. Vitamin C and thiamine administration showed no association with ICU delirium-free days among patients in septic shock.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-567
Author(s):  
Warno Warno

The development of the spread of Covid-19 in Cianjur Regency has spread, as many as seven sub-districts in Cianjur Regency have the highest number of confirmed positive cases of Covid-19 compared to others, averaging over 100 cases. The seven sub-districts include Cianjur, Cipanas, Pacet, Sukaresmi, Cugenang, Karangtengah and Ciranjang districts. Based on this case, the Cianjur Regency Government conducted outreach on prevention and control of COvid-19 in Cianjur. The purpose of this research is to know the analysis, strategy, mobilization, evaluation of the continuity of the socialization of the Covid-19 prevention and control program of the Cianjur Regency Government. This research method uses a qualitative approach with literature study analysis techniques in the scientific field of public policy. Meanwhile, the model used as a reference is the Advocacy Model. This model was first introduced by the Johns Hopkins University-USA Center for Communication Programs (CCP) in 1988. The results and discussion of this study were viewed from the aspect of data analysis in the field that the number of confirmed positive patients in Cianjur Regency was 316 people. In connection with this field analysis, organizations also need to be involved. The organizations involved are: Cianjur Health Office, Cianjur Police, community leaders, entrepreneurs, media, restaurant owners, RT and RW / Kampung, Alim ulama; Health cadres and Posyandu cadres, academics; Community, Stakeholders. Furthermore, the strategic aspect plays an important role, namely, the Cianjur Regency Government, West Java, continues to strive to prevent the spread of the corona virus or Covid-19, one of which is by imposing local isolation. For the third phase, namely Mobilization, which is carried out by the Cianjur Regency Government is very massive, namely implementing health protocols is still a mainstay in Cianjur Regency, West Java to prevent the spread of Covid-19, which has a very dynamic movement rate. The socialization was carried out by intensifying the 3M campaign to the community, namely wearing masks, washing hands, and maintaining distance in various activities. The stages of the action were carried out by the Cianjur Regency Government in collaboration with all parties. Not only the government, but also all other competent policy makers. 3M's Echo activity is a campaign to make people aware of the discipline of applying health protocols. This Echo socialization activity has the theme "Heup cicing covid (stop covid)." The evaluation stage, carried out by the Cianjur Regency Government, is that the old criteria noted that from 1-5 houses there were positive COVID-19 status were still yellow, while the new criteria stated that five or more houses were categorized. in the red zone, so that in Cianjur there are 67 RTs that enter the red zone. The Cianjur Regency Government has carried out continuity steps, namely monitoring the post in order for Cianjur residents to be sterile and monitoring to reduce the impact of Covid19. The government continues to carry out socialization of New Habit Adaptation.


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