scholarly journals Clipped Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) Fodder Utilization: A Potential for Income Growths of Resource Poor Farmers in the Savannah Regions of Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Banake E. Sambo ◽  
Ehiabhi C. Odion
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Poor Farmer

<p>Cowpea features prominently in the farming systems of the semi-arid tropics where they are grown for fodder used as feed for livestock. Traditional farm varieties are the indeterminate, spreading type which grow fast; cover the soil surface and produce large quantities of biomass. Studies have focused on the use of such green crop materials for soil fertility improvement. But, it’s been highlighted that a green manure crop should also be a cover crop of economic value. Such crops should raise the farmers’ income not only indirectly by improving soil fertility but also directly by yielding products of economic importance such as food and fodder. In addition, trading in these residues (fodder/ haulms) can be highly remunerating. It is against this background that this study was carried out at the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; During the 2002-2005 wet seasons; to determining the influence of intra-row spacing, clipping height and time on the productivity and income growth potential of the dual purpose cowpea (<em>Vigna unguiculata</em> (L.) Walp). The experimental lay out was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD); replicated three times. The data was analyzed statistically using the analysis of variance test (ANOVA); and the means compared using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results showed that, clipping management, facilitated the production of large (15 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) amounts of green plant biomass on-farm. This could be put to various uses by the resource poor farmer who usually is cash strapped at the peak of the farming (dry) season. The farmer could choose to keep and use the fodder to feed animals, and/ or trade it off and use the proceeds (<s>N</s> 41, 000.00 - <s>N</s> 46, 000.00 - Nigerian Naira equivalent) to subsidize on fertilizer requirement and/ or meet up with immediate socio-economic family demands. Additionally, considering the high amount (187 kg<sup>-1</sup>) of N-added to the soil (i.e. about 4 bags of Urea fertilizer), a cost saving of about <s>N</s> 24, 000.00 was made by the resource poor farmer; which could have otherwise been invested into the procurement of N-fertilizer input. It is concluded that such pro-poor income growths originating from the adoption of such innovative clipping management technological farming practices as this, needs to be encouraged and supported; as this hold immense potential of increasing the income of resource poor, low income, and low technology farmers. Indeed, it is a veritable tool for the reduction of food insecurity and poverty viz. economic empowerment in the region.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Performance of Garlic (Allium sativum) Varieties under Zero Tillage Mulch Condition in Southern Coastal Region of Bangladesh

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Rina Rani Saha ◽  
Md. Abul Khayer Mian ◽  
Subarna Kundu ◽  
Khokan Kumer Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Local Cultivar

The experiment was carried out under ACIAR-KGF project at farmers’ field of Tildanga village at Dacope Upazilla under Khulna District during rabi season of 2018–19 after harvest of previous transplanted aman rice to find out the suitable variety of garlic (Allium sativum) for cultivation in southern coastal region of Bangladesh and to observe the effect of straw mulching on the yield of garlic. The experimental area faces slight to moderately drought and saline prone at later part of winter season and beginning of summer. The salinity causes unfavorable environment and hydrological situation restricting the normal crop production. Farmers generally cultivate only single transplanted aman (T.aman) rice in a year at south and south-western coastal saline areas. Garlic is one of the important spices crop in Bangladesh. The treatments of the experiment were five garlic varieties viz., V1 = BARI Roshun-1, V2 = BARI Roshun-2, V3 = BARI Roshun-3, V4 = BARI Roshun-4 which were developed by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) and V5 = Local cultivar. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. All five varieties of garlic were sown on 17 December 2018 under zero tillage condition. BARI Roshun-1 gave the highest number of bulb/m2 (57), pseudostem height (37 cm), weight of individual bulb (7.65 g) and bulb yield (5.81 t/ha). BARI Roshun-3 gave the lowest yield (3.87 t/ha). It was also observed that the soil moisture of the farmers’ field were higher during sowing of garlic which was not suitable for ploughing the land. So timely establishment of garlic is possible by following hand dibbling methods under zero tillage condition on the muddy soil surface and also cost effective. Mulching can protect the evaporation loss and reduces the salinity stress which ultimately influence the crop establishment and yield. Earlier farmers of Tildanga at Dacope under Khulna District had no idea about the cultivation of garlic under zero tillage along with straw much. When the experimental results were demonstrated and discussed about the technology to the farmers gathering during Field Day then they were impressed and interested to grow garlic. Fallow land of coastal areas of Bangladesh could be utilized through disseminating this technology and ultimately cropping intensification increased.

scholarly journals Efficiency in the use of phosphorus by cowpea genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Idaiane Costa Fonseca Almeida ◽  
Leilson Costa Grangeiro ◽  
Fábio Henrique Tavares Oliveira ◽  
Valdívia de Fátima Lima Sousa ◽  
Matheus Freitas Souza
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an edible legume with good ability to fix nitrogen and not demanding soil fertility. However, some genotypes may have a greater ability to utilize the nutrients available in the soil for their growth. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of phosphorus (P) use in genotypes of cowpea. The experiment was conducted in the field and the experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replicates arranged in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of two P doses (0 and 60 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and five bean genotypes (Paulistinha, BRS Xiquexique, Pingo de Ouro, Corujinha, and Costela de Vaca). Each plot was formed by four plant rows, measuring 3.0 m in length, spaced 1.0 x 0.3 m, and with two plants per hole. The genotypes responded significantly to the increase in P levels in the soil, with increases in the number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, productivity, dry mass, and plant P accumulation. "BRS Xiquexique" was efficient and responsive, and it could be indicated as the most appropriate for cultivation in the region. "Corujinha" is the most suitable cultivar for production in high levels of P among the creole genotypes evaluated. "Costela de Vaca" and "Paulistinha" can be indicated for low P production in the soil. low P production.

scholarly journals Effects of poultry litter and inorganic fertilizer on growth and productivity of Rhizobia inoculated and non-inoculated beans

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Olet ◽  
David Mubiru
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Significant Difference

Agriculture has been the most contributing sector towards Uganda’s economy. However, its output has always been hampered by declining soil fertility leading to reduced yields, increased agricultural losses, and malnourishment among low-income earners. In Uganda, there is scanty research about the effectiveness of either organic or inorganic fertilizers in crop production. Therefore, there was a need to establish the effectiveness of inorganic fertilizer (N: P: K; 17:17:17) and organic fertilizer (poultry manure/litter) on the growth, and productivity of rhizobia inoculated and non-inoculated bio-fortified NAROBEAN 2 variety, which is rich in iron and zinc, high yielding and drought resistant.  A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted at Mbarara Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MBAZARDI). Poultry litter was applied at the rate of (10t/ha), N: P: K 17:17:17 at 20.3 kg ha-1, and Rhizobia at 250g per 15 kg of beans. Treatments were; Rhizobia + N: P: K 17:17:17 (M 1), Rhizobia + Poultry litter (M 2), Rhizobia only (M 3), Poultry litter only (M 4), N: P: K 17:17:17 only (M 5) and the control (M 6). Growth parameters included the number of leaves, branches, and shoot height; and productivity parameters included the number of pods produced per plant and economic yield. Statistical analyses were done at 5% level of significance. The growth parameters showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) while the bean grain yield and productivity were significantly different (p < 0.05) under the various treatments. Rhizobia + Poultry litter and N: P: K 17:17:17 only, produced the highest effect on both growth and productivity as compared to other treatments. Application of rhizobia with poultry manure was the best soil treatment for increasing the growth and productivity of NAROBEAN 2. This will increase production, food security, abate malnutrition, and sustainably improve soil quality.

scholarly journals Influence of Pongamia, Mahua and Neem cakes on finger millet productivity and soil fertility

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Shivakumar ◽  
A. C. Girish ◽  
Balakrishna Gowda ◽  
G. C. Vijaya Kumar ◽  
A. P. Mallikarjuna Gowda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Nutrient Supplementation ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Soil Sustainability ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

A field experiment conducted at Bio-fuel park, Agricultural Research Station, Madenur, Hassan in Kharif season of 2009 to asses the performance of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) under different organic manure treatment consisting of four treatments viz., recommended FYM and NPK through inorganic fertilizers as control, Pongamia, Mahua and Neem cake with 5 replications laid in randomized complete block design. The results revealed that application of recommended FYM along with neem cake equivalent to 100% recommended N performedbetter in respect of finger millet productivity and maintenance of soil fertility followed by recommended FYM with 100% NPK through fertilizers. Nutrient supplementation with different oilcakes proved superior in respect of soil sustainability.

scholarly journals Clipped Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) Fodder Management: A Potential for Soil Organic Matter Enrichment in Degraded Savannah Soils of Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Banake E. Sambo ◽  
Ehiabhi C. Odion
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

Severe nutrient depletion of the soils of the savannah tropics of Africa over the years has made it difficult to improve the productivity of varieties of crops using cultural practices alone. But interestingly, it has been observed that when a cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) crop is cut (clipped) before senescence; it can regenerate after defoliation (provided there is enough soil moisture). And when the clipped organic fodder is added and/or ploughed back into the soil, it enriches the soil organic matter (SOM) content that in turn enhances crop productivity. Thus, this study was carried out with the objective of determining the influence of intra-row spacing, clipping height and time on the productivity of cowpea and SOM; at the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; during the 2002-2005 wet seasons. The experimental lay out was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), replicated three times. The collected data was analyzed statistically using the analysis of variance test (ANOVA); and the means separation was done using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results showed that the textural class of the experimental site soil was loam silt; with a conducive pH of (6.6 in 2002 and 5.5 in 2005), for crop growth. The soil organic carbon content (SOC), nitrogen (N) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were very low (0.30 g kg-1, 0.88 g kg-1 and 4.90 respectively) in 2002. These increased to 10.37 g kg-1, 2.2 g kg-1 and 11.10 respectively in 2005. Total rainfall in 2002 was 1007.9mm and 871.5mm in 2005. Mean air temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours in 2002 ranged between 21.0-31.5 °C, 16.0-90.6 and 4.5-8.5 respectively; while mean air temperature and relative humidity ranged between 24.7-32.0 °C and 40.5-85.3% respectively in 2005. Total harvested clipped fodder yield was 15t ha-1; and this was added to the soil; and it effectively increased SOM content by about 42%. Consequently, it was concluded that the adoption of this innovative clipping management technology, holds great potential of improving soil pH, increasing soil CEC, SOM and crop productivity generally, for the low technology, resource poor, and subsistence farmers in the region. Without doubt, overcoming SOM decline is a major component in the development of more sustainable agro-systems.

scholarly journals Impact of Zero Tillage and Tillage Practice in Chickpea Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Md. Abdul Quddus ◽  
Habib Mahammad Naser ◽  
Md. Alamgir Siddiky ◽  
Md. Razzab Ali ◽  
A. T. M. Anwarul Islam Mondol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practice ◽  
Total N ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Positive Effects

The study was carried out at the field of Regional Pulses Research Station, Madaripur under Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) during Rabi season (winter) to evaluate the effect of different tillage practices on growth, yield attributes, nutrient uptake and yield of chickpea, and to compare between the zero tillage and tillage practice.The experiment was planned with five different tillage practices viz. Zero tillage (T1), Single tillage (T2), Two tillage (T3), Three tillage (T4) and Four tillage (T5), and it was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Blanket dose of fertilizers of N, P, K, S, Zn and B at 20, 21, 30, 10, 3 and 1.5 kg ha-1, respectively were used in all tillage treatments. The highest mean seed yield achieved (1395 kg ha-1) in zero tillage (T1) followed by four tillage (T5) practice. The maximum number of branches plant-1 and more number of pods plant-1 was recorded in zero tillage treatment. Nutrient content showed non-significant effect across most of the treatment. The highest nodulation and nutrient (N, P, K and S) uptake was also obtained from T1 treatment. Tillage practices exhibited positive effects on soil properties. The highest soil organic carbon, total N, available P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Zn and B were found in zero tillage (T1). Based on profitability, the zero tillage was economically viable with compared to tillage practice. Although this practice (T1) saves the money about 3.8% to 13.7% and time also saves minimum 8 days for succeeding crops. So, the present study suggests that zero tillage practice could be implemented in the high and medium high land for chickpea cultivation. Low income farmers may practice the zero tillage technology. Future research should be carried out to evaluate the suitable rate of nutrient in zero tillage (conservative tillage) practice for yield maximization of chickpea and sustaining soil fertility.

Comparative Effect of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea l.) Genotypes on Yield and N Fixation in Sudan and Northern Guinea Savannahs of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Pod Yield

Recognition of high yielding and nitrogen (N) fixing groundnut genotypes and desegregating them in the cereal-based cropping systems common in savannah regions will enhance food security and reduce the need for high N fertilizers hence, minimize the high cost and associated environmental consequences. Field trials were conducted during the 2015 growing season at the Research Farms of Bayero University Kano (BUK) and Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru-Zaria to assess the yield potential and Biolog- ical N fixation in 15 groundnut genotypes (ICG 4729, ICGV-IS 07823, ICGV-IS 07893, ICGV-IS 07908, ICGV- SM 07539, ICGV- SM 07599, ICGV-IS 09926, ICGV-IS 09932, ICGV-IS 09992, ICGV-IS 09994, SAMNUT-21, SAMNUT-22, SAMNUT-25, KAMPALA and KWANKWAS). The groundnut genotypes and reference Maize crop (SAMMAZ 29) were planted in a randomized complete block design in three replications. N difference method was used to estimate the amount of N fixed. The parameters determined were the number of nodules, nod- ule dry weight, shoot and root dry weights, pod, and haulm yield as well as N fixation. The nodule dry weight, BNF, haulm, and pod yield were statistically significant (P<0.01) concerning genotype and location. Similarly, their interac- tion effect was also highly significant. ICGV-IS 09926 recorded the highest nod- ule dry weight of 2.07mg /plant across the locations while ICGV-IS 09932 had the highest BNF value of 140.27Kg/ha. Additionally, KAMPALA had the high- est haulm yield, while ICGV-IS 07893 had the highest pod yield across the loca- tions with a significant interaction effect. The result shows that ICGV-IS 07893 and ICGV-IS 09932, as well as ICGV-IS 09994 and SAMNUT – 22, were the best genotypes concerning BNF, haulm and pod yield in the Northern Guinea and Sudan Savannahs of Nigeria respectively with the potential for a corresponding beneficial effect.

Application of Gliricidia sepium Tree Leaves and Nitrogen Fertilizer to Improve Tomato Production and Soil Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
SS Keya ◽  
MG Miah ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
MT Islam
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Soil Fertility Improvement

Excess use of agrochemicals for intensive cultivation affects crop quality and destroys agro-ecosystems, and eventually creates health hazards. The study aims to investigate the effect of Gliricidia sepium (GS) tree leaf as suitable green manures for supplementing nutrient supply along with nitrogen (N) fertilizer to produce quality tomato and soil fertility improvement. A field experiment was conducted at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh, from November 2016 to March 2017. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (two factors) with three replications. There were nine treatment combinations with three levels of GS tree leaves (5, 10 and 15 t ha−1) and three doses of N (0, 50 and 100% of the recommended dose of fertilizer). The highest tomato yield was recorded in GS15×N100 treatment combination, which was 41.68% higher compared to the control treatment. Decreasing C: N ratio in increasing dose of GS and N treated plot indicated the quality of tree leaves that ensures faster decomposition and high nutrient release pattern of this species. Increasing rate of soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in different treatments as compared to initial soil showed soil fertility improvement. Overall, the results indicated that quality tomato could be grown successfully by the application of G. sepium tree leaves along with an appropriate amount of N fertilizer. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(1) : 77-87

Effect of foliar application of iron and zinc on performance of transplanted rice in middle Gangetic plains of Bihar

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD\ HASHIM ◽  
◽  
V K SINGH ◽  
K K SINGH ◽  
SHIVA DHAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Iron And Zinc

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2015 and 2016 at research farmof the ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute Regional Station Pusa, Samastipur, Biharto determine the foliar feeding of micronutrients (iron and zinc at different growth stages)on growth, yield and economics of rice in middle Gangetic plains of Bihar. The experimentwas laid out in randomized block design consisting of 9 treatments with 3 replications. Thetreatments consist of 0.5% spray of Zinc Sulphate and 1% spray of Ferrous Sulphate at fourdifferent growth stages i.e. 40, 50, 60 and 70 days aĞer transplanting (DAT) and one con-trol. The results shown significant increasing trends of growth, yield aĴributes and yield ofrice with four sprays of 1.0% solution of FeSO4at 40, 50, 60 and 70 days and three sprays ofZnSO4at 50, 60 and 70 days recorded significantly higher plant height, effective tillers/m2,panicle length, grains/panicle, 1,000-grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and straw yieldat maturity. These treatments also gave significantly higher net returns and benefit: cost ratioover the control.

scholarly journals Trace Metal Distribution and Mobility in Soils after Silvicultural Thinning and Burning

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Ngowari Jaja ◽  
Monday Mbila ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Silvicultural thinning and burning are common management practices that are widely used to address ecosystem problems such as tree stocking and general forest health. However, high-severity fire has variable effects on soils, resulting in damages which are directly or indirectly reflected on the trace metal chemistry of the soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the trace metal variation at the Bankhead National Forest in Northern Alabama following the silvicultural thinning and burning. The experimental site had treatments consisting of two burning patterns and three levels of thinning as part of an overall treatment of three burning patterns and three levels of thinning applied to nine treatment plots to fit a completely randomized block design experiment. Four treatments sites were used for this study and samples were collected from soil profile pits excavated at representative plots within each treatment. The samples were analyzed for trace metals-As, Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb-using Perkin Elmer 2100 ICP-OES. Post treatment samples indicated that the trace metal concentrations generally decreased with soil depth. Copper, Ni, and Zn at the Pre-burn site gradually increased with depth to a maximum concentration at about 50 cm below the soil surface. Arsenic in the surface horizons increased by 156% in the burn-only sites, 54% in the thin-only treatment, 30% for the burn and thin treatments. Such differences were unlikely due to differences in the geochemistry of the parent material, but likely due to anthropogenic activities and possibly the forest management practices in question.

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