Chromapedic Acid, Pulvinic Acids and Acetophenone Derivatives from the Mushroom Leccinum chromapes (Boletales)

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertraud Gruber ◽  
Lydia Kerschensteiner ◽  
Wolfgang Steglich
Keyword(s):  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Pink Color ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Acetophenone Derivatives

The pigment responsible for the bright-yellow color of the stalk bases of Leccinum chromapes is methyl isoxerocomate, which is accompanied by lesser amounts of isoxerocomic acid and atromentic acid. In addition, 4ʹ-hydroxy- and 3ʹ,4ʹ-dihydroxyacetophenone, previously unreported as metabolites of Basidiomycetes, were isolated. The pink color of the cap skin is due to variegatorubin. This pigment is accompanied by chromapedic acid, a g-butenolide of biosynthetic interest representing a new dimerization mode of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid in Boletales.

Extension of Storage Life of Papayas Grown in Puerto Rico by Gamma Radiation Treatments

1969 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 314-319
Author(s):  
Vachira Jiravatana ◽  
José Cuevas-Ruiz ◽  
Horace D. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Maximum Delay ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Radiation Treatments ◽  
Dose Levels

Shelf-life extension (measured as ripening delay) and the retention of nutrients in irradiated P. R. 965 papayas have been investigated at constant storage temperature and relative humidity. The major findings were: 1. The ripening process in irradiated papayas was delayed up to 7 days by the use of gamma radiation treatments. The maximum delay in ripening was achieved by 25 to 50 Krads treatments, while the 100 Krad treatment showed a slight stimulation of ripening in storage. 2. Some destruction of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) seemed to have been effected by the gamma irradiation, although there were only slight differences between dose levels. 3. The level of total carotenoids was not affected by gamma radiation. During storage, there was a marked increase in these pigments as the papayas ripened. 4. Gamma irradiation inhibited fungal proliferation on papaya fruit even at dosages of 25 Krad. 5. There was no effect observed at the dosages studied on the skin of the fruit which developed its characteristic bright yellow color when ripe.

scholarly journals Studies on the Production of the Montecristo Banana Grown on the South Coast of Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-306
Author(s):  
F. Sánchez Nieva ◽  
G. Colom Covas ◽  
I. Hernández ◽  
C. Bueso de Viñas ◽  
R. Guadalupe
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Development Period ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Time Required

Twelve monthly plots of the Montecristo cultivar were established at the Fortuna Substation on the Southern Coast of Puerto Rico. The time of planting was found to affect the interval from planting to shooting, resulting in a grouping of the plots into 6 periods of flowering. The length of the flowering period for all 12 plots ranged from 102 to 147 days. Bunches could be harvested continuously throughout the year. The time of shooting had a direct effect on the development of the bunch. The time required for the bunches to reach a definite stage of development decreased from the flowering of October to that of July of the following year, to increase again from August to October. Changes in the weight of the fingers, pulp content, and in the values of the pulp:peel ratios were studied by harvesting fingers from a number of bunches which were left on the tree until incipient ripeness. A continuous increase in all three attributes were observed during the development period. The changes in carbohydrates, acidity and pH, and moisture were determined during the development period. The time of flowering had a direct effect on the yields. Both the weight of the bunches and of the fingere harvested from plants blooming from October to August of the following year increased, reaching a maximum in July, to decrease again reaching a minimum in October. The number of fingere per bunch varied in a cyclic way throughout the year. The weight of the bunches harvested from all plots ranged from less than 20 to more than 60 pounds. The highest percentage of bunches harvested weighed between 35 and 40 pounds. The number of hands per bunch ranged from 6 to 9, with the highest percentage of bunches having 7 hands. The fruit harvested from all 12 plots was of good quality, ripening evenly to a bright-yellow color.

scholarly journals Effect of Lemon Waste Natural Dye and Essential Oil Loaded into Laminar Nanoclays on Thermomechanical and Color Properties of Polyester Based Bionanocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bàrbara Micó-Vicent ◽  
Valentin Viqueira ◽  
Marina Ramos ◽  
Francesca Luzi ◽  
Franco Dominici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Natural Dye ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Color Properties ◽  
Calcined Hydrotalcite ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Yellow Color

In this work, polyester-based nanocomposites added with laminar nanoclays (calcined hydrotalcite, HT, and montmorillonite, MMT) loaded with lemon waste natural dye (LD) and essential oil (LEO) were prepared and characterized. The optimal conditions to synthetize the hybrid materials were obtained by using statistically designed experiments. The maximum LD adsorption with HT was found using 5 wt% of surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate), 5 wt% of mordant (aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate) and 50% (v/v) ethanol. For MMT, 10 wt% of surfactant (cetylpyridinium bromide), 5 wt% of mordant, 1 wt% of (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane and 100% distilled water were used. LEO adsorption at 300 wt% was maximized with MMT, 10 wt% of surfactant and 50 °C following an evaporation/adsorption process. The obtained hybrid nanofillers were incorporated in a polyester-based matrix (INZEA) at different loadings (3, 5, and 7 wt%) and the obtained samples were characterized in terms of thermal stability, tensile behavior, and color properties. HT_LEM-based samples showed a bright yellow color compared to MMT_LEM ones. The presence of lemon hybrid pigments in INZEA-based systems produced a remarkable variation in CIELAB color space values, which was more visible with increasing the nanofillers ratio. A limited mechanical enhancement and reduced thermal stability was observed with the nanopigments addition, suggesting a limited extent of intercalation/exfoliation of MMT and HT in the polymer matrix. MMT_LEM pigments showed higher thermal stability than HT_LEM ones. A significant increase in Young’s modulus of nanocomposites loaded with hybrid LEO was observed compared to the biopolymer matrix. The LEO inclusion into the nanoclays efficiently improved its thermal stability, especially for MMT.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS AND ALOPECIA ACTIVITY OF PAKIS GAJAH (ANGIOPTERIS EVECTA (G.FORST) HOFFM.) GROWING IN GALUNGGUNG MOUNTAINSIDE, WEST JAVA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Resmi Mustarichie ◽  
Danni Ramdhani ◽  
Yopie Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Excellent Activity ◽  
Water Fractions ◽  
Research Animal ◽  
Chemical Contents

  Objective: This study aims to determine characteristics and alopecia activity of Pakis Gajah (Angiopteris evecta (G.Forst) Hoffm.) growing in Galunggung mountainside, West Java.Methods: A. evecta was collected, determined and extracted using ethanol 95% by maceration. The extract was characterized based on Farmakope Indonesia method. Phytochemical screening was applied based on Farnsworth’s method. Its alopecia activity was determined by Tanaka method on male Angora rabbits.Results: The results showed that A. evecta simplicia had dried shrinkage characteristics of 3.35%; ash content 4.73%; water soluble sari content 20.11%; ethanol soluble concentration 5.94%; density 0.820; pH of extract 5.33; microchemical examination with H2SO4 gives a dark brown color, with 2N NaOH giving a bright yellow color, with the alkaline solution giving fluorescence, with FeCl3 giving a greenish-green color; its chemical contents were polyphenols, flavonoid, steroids, triterpenoids, quinones, monoterpenoid, and sesquiterpenoids. Alopecia activity showed that the water fraction and n-hexane had hair growth stimulating activity and water fraction was the fraction that had the most excellent activity, while ethyl acetate did not have such activities. The alopecia results were compared with minoxidil standards.Conclusion: These results indicated that the water fractions A. evecta had the most alopecia activity on research animal. Our results suggest before it can be used in humans, it is necessary to do further research on the bald volunteers.

A New Grafted Cactus with Bright Yellow Color, 'Hwangseon'

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-344
Author(s):  
Pil-Man Park ◽  
Myeung-Il Jeong ◽  
Byeong-Woo Yae ◽  
Mi-Sun Kim ◽  
Young-Ran Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Yellow Color

scholarly journals Variations of Hawk Mimicry Traits in the Four Sympatric Cuculus Cuckoos

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Seo Go ◽  
Jin-Won Lee ◽  
Jeong-Chil Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Visual Signal ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Cuculus Canorus ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Iris Color ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Avian Brood Parasitism

A well-known visual signal, hawk-like features such as yellow eyes and feet, and barred underparts have been recognized as coevolutionary traits obtained against host defense in Cuculus cuckoos. However, the variation of these traits within and among species remains poorly understood because empirical studies quantifying these traits are limited in terms of the number of studies and the number of species concerned, and mostly depend on museum collections. In this study, we quantified and compared these traits as well as other new features (e.g., inner wing spot and underpart background color) in the four sympatric Cuculus cuckoos (Cuculus poliocephalus, Cuculus micropterus, Cuculus optatus, and Cuculus canorus) that were wild-captured in South Korea. We found that the yellow color of the eye ring and feet was fairly consistent across the four species. However, the iris color appeared to vary within a species (e.g., between sexes) and varied more substantially among species from nearly black in C. micropterus to bright yellow in C. canorus. In addition, there were significant differences among species with respect to the thickness of the underpart bars, from the thinnest in C. canorus to the thickest in C. micropterus. We also found that the underpart color (pure white versus yellowish brown) and the number of inner wing spots varied within and among species. These results indicate that although hawk-like traits are widely present in Cuculus cuckoos, detailed quantitative features of these traits vary across species. We discuss the potential reasons that generate such variations and suggest future directions to increase our understanding of visual signals in avian brood parasitism.

scholarly journals Methanol Extraction of Microbial Pigments For Polyester Fabric

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-49
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
Yellow Pigments

Micrococcus Luteus is a bacterium that is Gram-positive. Bacteria with thicker cell walls are said to be grampositive bacteria, and it is said that thinner cell walls are gram-negative bacteria. In the natural flora of the mammalian body, micrococcus luteus is present in soil, dust, water and air. In the human mouth, mucosa, osopharynx, and upper airways, it is also present. In these two colonies, there are bright yellow pigments in the agar plate. Carotenoid containing a bright yellow color in the primary. M.luteus pigment with the highest variety of properties for anticarcinogenic and immune modulation. Anti-carcinogenic (an agent that destroys or prevents cancer cells).The yellow pigment has shown promising activity as antioxidant, antibacterial and UV-protective. Results that clearly indicate the potential application of these pigments after clinical trials as natural coloring agents and UV protection agents in food and pharmaceutical cosmetics in dustries. M.luteus has been shown to have activity. The strain was made of the coarse pigment. The dye absorbs Ultraviolet radiation and is used in cosmetics with sunscreen. It is a type of vitamin that is used in natural colors. In this study, the polyester fabric was chosen. In essence, polyester fabric is much less absorbent. But the color pigment was extracted using M.luteus methanol, which is showing very good promising color even for polyester fabrics.

scholarly journals Pengaruh konsentrasi PEG 400 sebagai kosurfaktan pada formulasi nanoemulsi minyak kepayang

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Maharini ◽  
Rismarika ◽  
Yusnelti
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Peg 400 ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Size Uniformity

Kepayang oil has a high content of linoleic and oleic acids. Linoleic and oleic acids act as emollients in the cosmetic field. Nanotechnology is one of the latestinnovations that can be used in cosmetics preparation delivery systems because it can improve the drug delivery process. This study aims to examine the effect of PEG 400 on the formulation of Kepayang oil nanoemulsion. The concentrations of tween 80 and variation concentrations of PEG 400 used in F1, F2, and F3 are 36%: 0%, 36%: 24% and 36%: 14% using the SNEDDS method. The characteristics of nanoemulsion preparations include organoleptic, particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. The result of nanoemulsion production has the organoleptic form in bright yellow color and has a distinctive odor, the particle size in F1, F2 and F3 are 11.8, 13.2 and 11.3 with a polydispersity index of 0.315, 0.147 and 0.121 and zeta potential -16.2, 13.4 and 1.8. The effect of variations in surfactant concentration in the nanoemulsion formulations of kepayang oil is that the higher the level of PEG 400, it will reduce the pH and viscosity of the preparation, increase the particle size, the uniformity of droplet size uniformity, but does not affect the potential zeta value. The best formula is F2.

scholarly journals Aurones: Interesting Natural and Synthetic Compounds with Emerging Biological Potential

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Zwergel ◽  
François Gaascht ◽  
Sergio Valente ◽  
Marc Diederich ◽  
Denyse Bagrel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Substitution Pattern ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Synthetic Routes ◽  
Made In

Aurones [2-benzylidenebenzofuran-3(2H)-ones] are either natural or synthetic compounds, belonging to the flavonoid family. They are isomeric to flavones and provide a bright yellow color to the plants in which they occur. Today, a literature survey indicates that the related flavonoids have been studied not only for their physiological properties and effects on Nature, but also for their therapeutic potential. Aurones are recently attracting the interest of an increasing number of research groups, and, since the last review, some interesting advances have been made in understanding the aurones. In this review, we report the recent advances made on the synthetic routes towards aurones. We also highlight their activity in different biological areas, as well as applied genetic plant modifications to produce these colored compounds. Their synthesis, structure–activity relationships and the importance of the substitution pattern will also be mentioned. Finally, some aspects regarding the possible development of aurones will be discussed briefly.

scholarly journals The use of gold and gold alloys in prosthetic dentistry – a literature review

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
Justyna Oleszek-Listopad ◽  
Katarzyna Sarna-Bos ◽  
Anna Szabelska ◽  
Elzbieta Czelej-Piszcz ◽  
Janusz Borowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Pure Gold ◽  
Prosthetic Material ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Gold Alloys ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Soft Metal

Abstract Gold is a noble metal with very good chemical resistance. It also does not become oxidized in water or air. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and shine, and it is a heavy, but soft metal with huge plasticity and ductility. For many years, gold and its alloys have been recognized as being great prosthetic material in dental practice. In current dentistry, the progress in materials science and galvanoforming techniques have made it possible to create precise restorations utilizing this metal. This pertains both to fixed and removable dentures. Galvanized gold has a range of advantages, among these being biocompatibility, proper marginal tightness, endurance, its esthetic design and the fact that it boasts bacteriostatic features.

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