Estimation of the antifungal activity of some preparations against Diaporthe eres under in vitro conditions

Six fungicides from various chemical groups and two natural products, i.e., Biosept Active (grapefruit extract) and Beta-Chikol (chitosan) were tested in vitro against Diaporthe eres isolated from the shoots of fruit trees. The preparations were incorporated in PDA medium to provide final fungicide concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 g cm−3. Biosept Active concentrations of 0.05%, 0.075%, and 0.1%, and Beta-Chikol concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 2.5%, respectively. The antifungal activity of the preparations was evaluated based on mycelial growth of D. eres strains after 4 and 8 days of culture and changes in the morphological structures of the fungus. The highest antifungal activity was registered for thiophanate-methyl at all tested concentrations, followed by thiram, which showed the same activity but only at 100 g cm−3. Among the preparations of natural origin, Beta-Chikol was more effective against D. eres than Biosept Active. The effects achieved by the former preparation were comparable with those achieved by some of the most effective fungicides tested against D. eres.

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Management of Alternaria leaf blight in tomato plants by mentha essential oil

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/100/2019-pps ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 191-196

Author(s):

Kahkashan Perveen ◽

Najat A. Bokhari

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Conidia Germination ◽

Alternaria Leaf Blight

The essential oil obtained by the hydro-distillation of the leaves of Mentha arvensis Linnaeus was evaluated for its antifungal activity against the causal agent of the Alternaria blight of tomatoes, i.e., Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler. The antifungal activity of the mentha essential oil was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. The chemical composition of the mentha oil was also identified by GCMS analysis. The in vitro test revealed that the maximum inhibition in the mycelial growth (93.6%) and conidia germination (90.6%) was at the highest concentration (40 µL/mL), furthermore, it was found that the inhibition of the mycelial growth and conidia germination was dose dependent. The in vivo test proved that the application of the mentha essential oil (40 µL/mL) significantly increased the plant height (84.6%), fresh weight (81.5%) and dry weight (80.0%) when compared to the untreated tomato plants. The disease incidence was 3.5 in the untreated plants, while it was 0.93 for the mentha essential oil treated plants and was 0.08 in the carbendazim treated plants. The GC-MS analysis of the mentha essential oil identified 18 compounds in total, among which the percentage of menthol was the highest (69.2%). The mentha essential oil was successful in managing the Alternaria leaf blight in the tomato plants. Therefore, it can be explored further for the development of a natural fungicide.

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In vitro and in vivo toxicity of fungicides and biofungicides for the control of verticillium and fusarium wilt of pepper

Pesticidi i fitomedicina ◽

10.2298/pif2101023m ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 23-34

Author(s):

Milica Mihajlovic ◽

Emil Rekanovic ◽

Jovana Hrustic ◽

Mila Grahovac ◽

Brankica Tanovic

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Verticillium Dahliae ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Thiophanate Methyl ◽

Significant Difference ◽

By Products ◽

Pepper Plants

A survey of in vitro and in vivo sensitivity of Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum to several commercial fungicides and biofungicides was undertaken. In in vitro assays, the tested isolate of V. dahliae proved to be very sensitive to difenoconazole (EC50 = 0.02 mg/l). However, under greenhouse conditions, the highest efficacy in V. dahliae control on inoculated pepper plants was recorded for a product based on thiophanate-methyl (83.10% compared to control). Among the tested fungicides, the lowest efficacy was recorded for a product based on azoxystrobin (23.10 %) with no significant difference compared to control (p > 0.05). In in vitro assays, the tested F. oxysporum isolate was the most sensitive to prochloraz (EC50 = 0.07 mg/l) and the least sensitive to fluopyram (EC50 = 1075.01 mg/l). In in vivo assay, the highest efficacy was achieved by products based on captan (95.60%), and the lowest by a product based on thiophanate-methyl (54.40%). Antagonistic activity of the bacterium B. subtilis under laboratory conditions was not satisfying. Also, the antifungal activity and spectrum of a tested product based on tee tree oil was not efficient in suppressing pepper wilting caused by V. dahliae and F. oxysporum.

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Salicylic acid in the induction of resistance to beet seedling damping-off and antifungal activity against Fusarium sp., in vitro

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n1p67 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 67 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Douglas Junior Bertoncelli ◽

Sérgio Miguel Mazaro ◽

Rita De Cacia Dosciatti Serrão Rocha ◽

Nean Locatelli Dalacosta ◽

Adriano Lewandowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Damping Off ◽

Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽

Seedling Length ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

And Control

The damping off is the main disease that affects the beet crop during the seedling production. The aim of this study was to evaluate different salicylic acid (SA) concentrations for resistance induction against damping-off in beet seedling and its antifungal activity against Fusarium sp., in vitro condition. Treatment of beet seed was with SA solution by immersion during 5 minutes in the 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mM concentrations and control (distilled water). It was used four replications with 20 cells by experimental unit. The experiment was carried out for 14 days in cultivate chamber with temperature (23 oC ± 2°C), lighting (12 hours photoperiod) and humidity (70% ± 10%) controlled. After this time, the germination, damping off incidence, seedling length and fresh mass matter weight were evaluated. It was evaluated also in the seedling tissue the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), ?-1.3 glucanase and chitinase level enzymes. In the in vitro the SA was putted in PDA (potato-dextrose-agar) medium, where the Fusarium sp. mycelial growth was evaluated. The SA applied for seeds treatment didn’t had effect significant on damping off of beet seedlings, but it induced the activity of ?-1.3 glucanase enzyme, it being this higher in nine times when compared the treatment control. The SA acted in the Fusarium sp. in vitro control with fungitoxic action, suppressed mycelial growth in 28% if compared to control.

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Inhibition of growth and sporulation of Penicillium expansum by extracts of selected Basidiomycetes

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2000.034 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 263-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Teresa Florianowicz

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Coprinus Comatus ◽

Inhibition Of Growth

A screening of antifungal activity of 33 Basidiomycetes strains was realized with their extracts. The influence of aqueous extracts of fruit-bodies of the testeded fungi after addition of spores or hyphae of Penicillium expansum on growth and sporulation of the fitopathogen in vitro was estimated. The species: Hydnum repandum L.: Fr., Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.: Fr.) Kummer, Coprinus comatus (Műll Fr.) S.F. Gray, Coprinus atramentarius (Bull: Fr.) Fr. and Lactarius turpis (Weinm.) Fr. reduced the mycelial growth and inhibited sporulation of this pathogen.

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Comparing the Fungicide Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Using Mycelial Growth and Ascospore Germination Assays

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-21-1234-sc ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Miller da Silva Lehner ◽

Kaique Alves ◽

Emerson Medeiros Del Ponte ◽

Sarah Jane Pethybridge

Keyword(s):

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Mode Of Action ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

White Mold ◽

Fungicide Sensitivity ◽

Snap Bean ◽

Thiophanate Methyl ◽

Ascospore Germination ◽

Sensitivity Tests

The infection of the floral tissues of snap bean and other crops by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causative agent of white mold, is by ascospores. Irrespective of the fungicide mode of action being evaluated, in vitro fungicide sensitivity tests are conducted almost exclusively using mycelial growth assays. This is likely due to difficulties and time involved in sclerotial conditioning required to produce apothecia and ascospores. The objective of this research was to compare estimates of fungicide sensitivity between mycelial growth and ascospore germination assays for S. sclerotiorum. Sensitivity assays were conducted using serial doses of three fungicides commonly used to control white mold: boscalid, fluazinam, and thiophanate-methyl. A total of 27 isolates were evaluated in replicated trials conducted for each fungicide and assay type. The effective concentration to reduce mycelial growth or ascospore germination by 50% (EC50) was estimated for each isolate, fungicide, assay type, and trial. The median EC50 values obtained from ascospore germination assays were 52.7, 10.0, and 2.7 times higher than those estimated from the mycelial growth for boscalid, fluazinam, and thiophanate-methyl, respectively. No significant correlation was found between EC50 values estimated by the two methods. These findings highlight differences that may be important in evaluating the sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum given the fungicide mode of action and how they will be used in the field.

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Reaction of hybrids, inhibition in vitro and target spot control in cucumber

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362011000300014 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 342-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Adriana Teramoto ◽

Marise C Martins ◽

Luciene C Ferreira ◽

Marcos G Cunha

Keyword(s):

Mycelial Growth ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Control Measures ◽

Corynespora Cassiicola ◽

Horticultural Crop ◽

Thiophanate Methyl ◽

Chemical Treatments ◽

Target Spot ◽

Efficient Control

The fungus Corynespora cassiicola is the causal agent of target spot in cucumber. Under favorable climatic conditions it can cause serious damage in this horticultural crop. In Brazil, there exists not enough knowledge to determine efficient control measures to the disease. This investigation was carried out to evaluate: a) the reactions of nine cucumber hybrids to C. cassiicola; b) the sensibility of six isolates of C. cassiicola to fungicides in vitro (captan, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, carbendazin, tebuconazole and thiophanate-methyl), used in concentrations of 0, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 µg mL-1 of active ingredient and c) protective and curative chemical treatments with the same fungicides used in vitro in cucumber plants inoculated with C. cassiicola. The cucumber hybrids were evaluated using the scale of notes and diagrammatic of target spot severity. The more resistant hybrids to the pathogen were Taisho, Nikkey, Yoshinari and Safira. The difenoconazole fungicide caused the most mycelial growth inhibition (MGI) and showed the lowest ED50. Thiophanate-methyl was the worst fungicide, it did not inhibit the mycelial growth of the fungus. Azoxystrobin was the most efficient in controlling the disease, although it has to be registered in Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply in Brazil before its recommendation.

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Potential of some bacteria for biological control of postharvest citrus green mould caused by Penicillium digitatum

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/55/2016-pps ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 134-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mohammadi Parisa ◽

Tozlu Elif ◽

Kotan Recep ◽

Kotan Merve Şenol

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Spore Production ◽

Penicillium Digitatum ◽

Broth Culture ◽

Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽

Green Mould

Ten bacteria isolate (4 Bacillus subtilis, 2 Bacillus pumilus, 2 Bacillus cereus, 1 Bacillus megaterium, and 1 Agrobacterium radiobacter) were tested in vitro for antagonistic properties against Penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of citrus green mould. The effect of these bacteria was also observed on mycelial growth, spore germination, and spore production of the pathogenic fungus in broth culture. Extracellular enzyme activities of the bacteria were determined. According to the results of in vitro antagonistic tests and enzymes activities, the most promising bacteria were Bacillus subtilis and Agrobacterium radiobacter. These bacteria were tested for disease suppression on lemon fruits. In addition, these bacterial isolates also showed remarkable antifungal activity against the pathogen on lemon fruits. The results of this study showed that Bacillus subtilis and Agrobacterium radiobacter showed remarkable antifungal activity against the pathogen. Chitinase and glucanase enzyme activity of all the tested bacteria was positive. Protease enzyme activity was positive in all tested bacteria with the exception of Agrobacterium radiobacter. In addition, all bacteria inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination (except Agrobacterium radiobacter) of the fungus. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Agrobacterium radiobacter inhibited spore production in broth culture. Bacillus subtilis and Agrobacterium radiobacter were tested on lemon fruits significantly reduced disease severity. Consequently, these isolates can be used as new biocontrol agents in controlling the post-harvest decay of citrus fruits caused by Penicillium digitatum.

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Antifungal activity of plant extracts against Colletotrichum musae, the post harvest anthracnose pathogen of banana cv. Martaman

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-06-2015-0068 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 2-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Dawa Dolma Bhutia ◽

Yeka Zhimo ◽

Ramen Kole ◽

Jayanta Saha

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Plant Species ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Content Type ◽

Colletotrichum Musae

Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to determine the antifungal activities of different solvent extracts of common plants in vitro and in vivo against banana anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum musae (Berk & M.A. Curtis) Arx, and to investigate its effects on the pathogen and identify the bio active component(s). Design/methodology/approach – Extracts were obtained from leaves, tender shoots, rhizomes, bulbs, seeds and fruits of 42 naturally growing plant species following hot sequential extraction. Preliminary screening of the solvent extracts was done based on the inhibition of radial mycelial growth of C. musae following poison food technique and conidial germination inhibition by cavity slide technique. The selected extracts were assessed for their effect on harvested banana in reducing anthracnose during storage. The active components in the bio-active fractions of plant extract were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Findings – Methanol extracted a larger quantity of material (between 6.9 and 12.5 per cent) than hexane or chloroform, and all its extracts were active against the test pathogen with mycelial growth inhibition ranging from 13.70 to 88.89 per cent. Zingiber officinale rhizome extract as well as Polyalthia longifolia and Clerodendrum inerme leaf extracts exhibited more than 80 per cent inhibition of mycelial growth. Total inhibition of spore germination of C. musae was recorded in Z. officinale and P. longifolia extracts at 0.3 per cent w/v and 0.5 per cent w/v concentration, respectively, while only 68 per cent spore inhibition was recorded in C. inerme at 0.5 per cent w/v concentration. Of the three plant species, Z. officinale had the best antifungal activity (18.0 per cent disease incidence; 2.2 disease severity scale) when banana fruits were dipped in the extract at a concentration of 0.5 per cent w/v at 5 days of storage in ambient condition (80-82 per cent R.H., 27 ± 1°C). The bio-active compounds in the extract of Z. officinale were identified as alpha-curcumene and zingerone. Originality/value – Based on the antifungal activity, plant extract of Z. officinale can be used as an effective alternative to chemicals in controlling anthracnose pathogen in harvested banana.

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RhizosphericBacillus subtilisExhibits Biocontrol Effect againstRhizoctonia solaniin Pepper(Capsicum annuum)

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/9397619 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Huang ◽

Zhansheng Wu ◽

Yanhui He ◽

Bang-Ce Ye ◽

Chun Li

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Biocontrol Agent ◽

Growth Strain ◽

Inhibition Rate ◽

Pepper Plants

This study aimed at evaluating the ability of SL-44 to controlRhizoctonia solaniand promote pepper(Capsicum annuum)growth. Strain SL-44 was isolated from plant rhizosphere and the pot experiment results indicated that the dry and fresh weights of pepper in SL-44 andRhizoctonia solani(S-R) treatment were 45.5% and 54.2% higher than those inRhizoctonia solani(R) treatment and 18.2% and 31.8% higher than those in CK (control, noninoculation) treatment. The plant height in S-R treatment increased by 14.2% and 9.0% compared with those in the R and CK treatments, respectively. In vitro antagonism assay showed that SL-44 exhibited strong antifungal activity against the mycelial growth ofRhizoctonia solani, with an inhibition rate of 42.3%. The amount of phosphorus dissolved by SL-44 reached 60.58 mg·L−1in broth and 7.5 μg·mL−1IAA were secreted by SL-44. Strain SL-44 inhibited the growth ofR. solaniand improved biomass of pepper plants. Mass exchange and information transmission between the pepper plants and SL-44 mutually promoted their development.Bacillus subtilisSL-44 has a great potential as biocontrol agent againstRhizoctonia solanion pepper plants.

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Antifungal Activity of Quinofumelin against Fusarium graminearum and Its Inhibitory Effect on DON Biosynthesis

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13050348 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 348

Author(s):

Qian Xiu ◽

Lianyu Bi ◽

Haorong Xu ◽

Tao Li ◽

Zehua Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Fusarium Graminearum ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Marker Gene ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Head Blight ◽

Excellent Control

Fusarium graminearum, causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), causes a huge economic loss. No information is available on the activity of quinofumelin, a novel quinoline fungicide, against F. graminearum or other phytopathogens. In this study, we used mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition methods to determine the inhibitory effect of quinofumelin against F. graminearum in vitro. The results indicated that quinofumelin excellently inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of F. graminearum, with the average EC50 values of 0.019±0.007 μg/mL and 0.087 ± 0.024 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, we found that quinofumelin could significantly decrease deoxynivalenol (DON) production and inhibit the expression of DON-related gene TRI5 in F. graminearum. Furthermore, we found that quinofumelin could disrupt the formation of Fusarium toxinsome, a structure for producing DON. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the translation level of TRI1, a marker gene for Fusarium toxinsome, was suppressed by quinofumelin. The protective and curative assays indicated that quinofumelin had an excellent control efficiency against F. graminearum on wheat coleoptiles. Taken together, quinofumelin exhibits not only an excellent antifungal activity on mycelial growth and spore germination, but also could inhibit DON biosynthesis in F. graminearum. The findings provide a novel candidate for controlling FHB caused by F. graminearum.

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