scholarly journals Effectiveness of humic compounds in dependence on calcium content in water tomato cultures

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-629
Author(s):  
K. Leonowicz-Babiak
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Uptake ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Humic Compounds ◽  
Weight Increment ◽  
Fraction I

The influence of Na-humate and its fractions on dry weight increment of tomato seedlings in water culture and their calcium uptake in conditions of its deficit in the medium were investigated. Only fraction II of Na-humate was found to exert a significant effect; unfractionated Na-humate and fraction I had no noticeable influence.

Calcium Nutrition and the Infection of Eucalypt Seedlings by Phytophthora cinnamomi

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Halsall
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Calcium Nutrition ◽  
Total Dry Weight

In water culture with the pH maintained at 5.2. higher levels of calcium increased the dry weight of developing leaves, roots, and the total dry weight of eucalypt seedlings both susceptible ( E . Sieberi) and tolerant ( E . Maculata) to Phytophthora cinnamorni. Calcium levels of 64 ppm did not reduce seedling mortality nor relieve the growth reduction associated with P. cinnamomi infection in the susceptible seedlings. The calcium concentration and total calcium content of developing leaves of E. sieberi were significantly lower in inoculated than in uninoculated seedlings. In the tolerant E. maculata seedlings, there was no significant reduction in developing leaf or total dry weight with inoculation, but a reduction in root dry weight occurred. Calcium concentrations and total calcium content did not differ significantly in leaves of inoculated and uninoculated seedlings of E. maculata.

scholarly journals Nitrogen assimilation and nitrate reductase activity in tomato seedlings. I. Comparative studies on the influence of the Ca:Mg ratio on nitrogen metabolism in relation to absorption of nitrates or ammonium salts

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-273
Author(s):  
A. Suder-Moraw ◽  
J. Buczek
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Nitrate Assimilation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Simultaneous Reduction ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Weight Increment ◽  
Nr Activity

A change in the Ca:Mg ratio in the nutrient solution from the value optimal for tomato growth (3:1) to an unsuitable value (3:30) increases several times Mg<sup>2+</sup> accumulation with simultaneous reduction of Ca<sup>2+</sup> accumulation independently from the absorption of mineral nitrogen from, viz. NO<sub>3</sub> - or NH<sub>4</sub>,- ions. Tomato seedlings receiving nitrogen in the form of NH<sub>4</sub> show a complete tolerance to the unsuitable Ca:Mg ratio in the nutrient solution, whereas those supplied with NO<sub>3</sub> react by growth inhibition, reduced dry weight increment and protein weight and inhibition of nitrogen reductase (NR) activity. It is suggested that the reaction of plants to an excess of Mg<sup>2+</sup> in the nutrient solution in relation to Ca<sup>2+</sup> depends above all on the form in which nitrogen is supplied to the plants. It was found that the reduction of dry weight increment and protein synthesis preceded in time NR activity inhibition. Accumulation of excess Mg<sup>2+</sup> and decreased Ca<sup>2+</sup> accumulation occur rather rapidly. It is, therefore, supposed that the excess of accumulated Mg<sup>2+</sup> induces a physiological deficit of Ca<sup>2+</sup> in the tissue of plants taking up NO<sub>3</sub> nitrogen. This calcium deficit leads to inhibtion of nitrate assimilation.

Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Water Contents During Grain Development and Maturation in Wheat

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 799 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Sofield ◽  
IF Wardlaw ◽  
LT Evans ◽  
SY Zee
Keyword(s):  
Grain Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Entry ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Steady Rate

Plants of five cultivars of wheat were grown under controlled-environmental conditions in order to analyse the effect of cultivar and of temperature and illuminance after anthesis on the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus by grains in relation to dry matter. The water relations of the grain during maturation were also examined, using calcium content as an index of water entry. The nitrogen and phosphorus contents of grains increased linearly throughout the grain growth period. The percentage of nitrogen and phosphorus in grains fell sharply during the first few days after anthesis but rose progressively thereafter. The higher the temperature, and the lower the illuminance, the higher was the percentage of nitrogen in the grain of all cultivars. Such conditions also reduce final grain size, but their effects on nitrogen concentration in the grain were apparent early in grain development. No evidence was found of a flush of nitrogen or phosphorus into the grain late in its development. Water entry into the grain continued at a steady rate until maximum grain dry weight was reached, then ceased suddenly. No evidence was found of an increased rate of water loss by the grain at that stage, and the rapid fall in water content at the cessation of grain growth may have been due to blockage of the chalazal zone of entry into the grain by the deposition of lipids. Accumulation of dry matter, nitrogen and phosphorus and entry of water into the grain all ceased at the time of lipid deposition in the chalazal zone.

scholarly journals Efecto de la inoculación de Azospirillum spp. sobre el contenido nutrimental de moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Mario Alejandro Hernández-Chontal ◽  
Dinora Vazquez-Luna ◽  
Ariadna Linares-Gabriel ◽  
Gloria Esperanza De Dios-León ◽  
Armando Guerrero-Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Animal Consumption ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Moringa is used for human and animal consumption due to its high content of proteins, vitamins and minerals. The present study analyzed and evaluated the effectiveness of Azospirillum spp. over the nutritional content of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) under nursery conditions. The experimental design consisted of four treatments with six repetitions in complete blocks at random, which consisted of the inoculation at 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mL of suspension with 9.8 × 105 CFU mL-1 of Azospirillum spp. The study variables: biomass, protein, macro (P, K. Ca and Mg) and micronutriments (Na, Fe, Cu and Mn) in leaves and stems were determined 70 days after sowing. The analysis of variance showed signif icant statistical differences between treatments only for the variables: potassium content in leaves and calcium content, iron and sodium in stem. According to the comparison of means (P ≤ 0.05) the best treatments were those that received 0.5 and 1 mL of suspension. The inoculation of Azospirillum, failed to increase the dry weight and protein contents; however, the highest values (30.2% crude protein) were associated with its application. The absence of significant effects in the other variables evaluated is associated with inoculum concentration, however, higher values are shown in the nutrient contents in relation to results reported in other research.

Growth dynamics in Sphaerium rhomboideum (Bivalvia: Pisidiidae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 868-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Mackie ◽  
L. A. Flippance
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Dormant Period ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Curvilinear Relationships

Analyses of growth in shell dimensions and weight of Sphaerium rhomboideum from two permanent ponds showed that width has a positive allometric relationship with length and height of the shell. This results in an increase in interior shell volume that is significantly correlated with the increase in space required by developing larvae. The ovoviviparous habit of S. rhomboideum also explains most of the curvilinear relationships between clam length and total dry weight and between clam calcium content and length and weight of adults. An iteroparous reproductive strategy is shown to be dependent upon both a positive allometric relationship between larval and parent shell lengths and birth of the cohort during or immediately before an active growing period. If birth of the cohort occurs immediately before a dormant period, semelparity will occur no matter what type of allometric relationship is obtained between larval and adult shell lengths.

Role of calcium in acute stimulated release of prolactin from neoplastic GH3 cells

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (6) ◽  
pp. E705-E711
Author(s):  
C. M. Moriarty ◽  
M. P. Leuschen
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Calcium Uptake ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Gh3 Cells ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Cellular Calcium ◽  
Sensitive Electrode ◽  
External Calcium

Using a calcium-sensitive electrode to monitor calcium movements, we found that neoplastic GH3 cells experienced a net accumulation of calcium when exposed to elevated (50 mM) K+. Acute prolactin (PRL) release was also stimulated under these conditions. Both calcium uptake and PRL release could be blocked by the calcium antagonist methoxyverapamil (D-600). Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) also stimulated PRL release but had no effect on cellular calcium accumulation. Likewise, D-600 had no effect on TRH-induced PRL release. Such results indicate that enhanced secretory activity does not require an increase in intracellular calcium content. The observation that secretagogues do not stimulate PRL release in the absence of extracellular calcium was investigated. When GH3 cells were placed in a Ca-free medium, they underwent a prompt and sustained loss of cellular calcium. The loss of such intracellular calcium could be blocked with D-600. We conclude that the inability of TRH to stimulate the release of PRL in Ca-free medium is due to the loss of intracellular calcium and not to the absence of external calcium per se.

scholarly journals Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) and Trichoderma harzianum (Rifai) on Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e47522
Author(s):  
Norma Soledad Erazo Sandoval ◽  
Magdy Mileni Echeverría Guadalupe ◽  
Jorge Leonardo Jave Nakayo ◽  
Héctor Antonio León Reyes ◽  
Víctor Alberto Lindao Córdova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Quality Assurance Agency ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Randomized Design

Two isolations of fungi from a bank of microorganisms in the Biological Sciences Laboratory at Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo were tested on the galling caused by Meloidogyne incognita in tomato seedlings grown in pots with substrate infested with a suspension of nematodes, with approximately 2000 juvenile stages (J2) from root galls of plants infested with M. incognita, taken from the Nematology laboratory of the Ecuadorian Agricultural Quality Assurance Agency (AGROCALIDAD).   Pleurotus ostreatus was a fungus with nematicidal characteristics through production of toxins; while Trichoderma harzianum is a widely known fungus, although it is a plant growth promoter rather than a nematicide. The two fungi were formulated in wheat straw and rabbit manure. A complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications was used, with a chemical control (Fenamiphos) and an absolute control. Five grams of each formulation was applied per plant before the transplant. The number of galls in the roots, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and fresh and dry weight of the aerial part and roots of 180 tomato plants grown in greenhouse were evaluated at 60 days after transplant. The results showed that the two fungi reduced the number of galls and made it possible to obtain dry weights of the aerial and radicular part very close to the chemical control (10.09 and 3.39 g) with 8.68; 8.04; 2.96 and 3.25 g respectively. Besides Trichoderma harzianum proved to be a good promoter of root growth, therefore, the use of these bioformulates is a promising measure for the control of this phytonematode

scholarly journals Effect of abscisic acid on the calcium content for controlling blossom-end rot in tomato under water stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-419
Author(s):  
Carlos Agostinho Balate ◽  
Douglas Correa de Souza ◽  
Luciane Vilela Resende ◽  
Sergio Tonetto de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Calcium Uptake ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Irrigation Levels

ABSTRACT Water stress in tomato plants may cause the incidence of blossom-end rot. This study aimed to analyze the effect of abscisic acid leaf application for increasing the calcium uptake in irrigated tomato (‘Santa Clara' cultivar) in the field, as a possible mechanism of blossom-end rot inhibition. The treatments consisted of four irrigation levels (25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % of the crop water requirements to fulfil the crop evapotranspiration) and two abscisic acid doses (0 mg L-1 and 500 mg L-1). The fruits were harvested at 15 and 30 days after the anthesis and evaluated for calcium content and percentage of blossom-end rot. The application of abscisic acid increased the calcium partition to the distal region of the fruits at 30 days after the beginning of flowering, as well as reduced the incidence of blossom-end rot by 86 %, when compared with plants not treated with abscisic acid. It is possible to conclude that the foliar application of abscisic acid can significantly reduce the incidence of blossom-end rot.

Effect of SO2 on transpiration, chlorophyll content, growth, and injury in young seedlings of woody angiosperms

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Suwannapinunt ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
American Elm ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Weight Increment ◽  
Leaf Formation ◽  
Transpirational Water Loss

Effects of SO2 on transpiration, chlorophyll content, growth, and injury of woody angiosperm seedlings were studied during the first few weeks after germination. Fumigation of silver maple (Acersaccharinum L.) and black locust (Robiniapseudoacacia L.) seedlings with SO2 at 0.75 ppm for 2 to 16 h increased transpirational water loss. As duration of fumigation was increased, the effect of SO2 on increasing transpiration declined. Leaves of silver maple seedlings fumigated with SO2 at 0.75 ppm for 8 to 16 h were injured; those of black locust were not. In another experiment, the adverse effects of SO2 were greater on black locust than on American elm (Ulmusamericana L.) seedlings. Fumigation of young black locust seedlings with SO2 at 2 ppm for 1 or 4 h significantly reduced chlorophyll content, height growth, dry weight increment of roots, and leaf formation. Leaf injury symptoms appeared within 24 h after fumigation with 2 ppm SO2 for 4 h. Fumigation of American elm seedlings with SO2 at 0.5 or 2 ppm for 0.5 to 4 h decreased dry weight increment of roots but did not injure plants or significantly influence chlorophyll content, height growth, or leaf dry weight. Inhibition of dry weight increment of roots was a more sensitive indicator of susceptibility to SO2 than was reduction in dry weight increment of shoots.

The role of cotyledons in growth and development of woody angiosperms

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Marshall ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Betula Alleghaniensis ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Weight Increment ◽  
Stems And Leaves

The role of photosynthetically active cotyledons in the growth of young woody angiosperm seedlings was studied over a 35-day period under controlled environmental conditions. Two experiments were performed. In the first, cotyledons of Robinia pseudoacacia, Ulmus americana, and Ailanthus altissima were removed or covered at 7, 14, or 21 days after seedling emergence. In the second experiment, seedlings of Robinia pseudoacacia, Betula alleghaniensis, and Acer saccharum were grown over a range of light intensities. Removing or covering Robinia cotyledons of seedlings of any age resulted in lower dry weights of roots and stems than in controls. Removing or covering cotyledons of only 7-day-old Robinia seedlings retarded dry weight increase of foliage. Robinia seedling heights were unaffected by cotyledon covering or removal. Covering Ulmus americana cotyledons had no significant effect on dry weight increment of stems or foliage or on seedling height. Removal of Ulmus cotyledons from 7-day-old seedlings inhibited dry weight increase of roots, stems, and leaves and inhibited height growth. Removal of Ailanthus cotyledons inhibited dry weight increment of roots, stems, and leaves more than did covering of cotyledons. Species varied greatly in cotyledon development and response to light intensity. Cotyledon size was affected by light intensity in Robinia, but not in Betula or Acer. Responses of cotyledons to light intensity differed from those of foliage leaves. Cotyledon photosynthesis appeared to have a very important role in seedling growth in Robinia and Ailanthus and a less important role in Ulmus.

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