scholarly journals Composition of seed soluble carbohydrates and ultrastructural diversity of testa in lupins from the mediterranean region

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Embryonic Tissues ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Galactosyl Cyclitols ◽  
Lupinus Pilosus

This article present a comparison of soluble sugar levels in seeds of <em>Lupinus atlanticus</em>, <em>Lupinus cosentinii</em>, <em>Lupinus palaestinus</em> and <em>Lupinus pilosus</em>, <em>Lupinus hispanicus</em> subsp. <em>hispanicus</em> and <em>Lupinus luteus</em> of Juno variety. Considering that sugars are accumulated in embryos, only the embryonic tissues were used for biochemical analyses. Additionally, the share of testa and embryo in seed tissues was evaluated. The seed-coat thickness was measured using scanning electron microscopy. The seed coat had the largest share in seeds of <em>Lupinus pilosus</em> and <em>Lupinus palaestinus</em>, and the least share in seeds of <em>Lupinus hispanicus</em> subsp. <em>hispanicus</em> and <em>Lupinus luteus</em> of Juno variety. In the seed of <em>Lupinus pilosus</em> the thickness of the seed coat was 1100 µm, while in <em>Lupinus luteus</em> it was 300 µm. The analysed <em>Lupinus</em> seeds accumulated from 73 mg/g d.m. (dry matter of seed embryo) to 155 mg of soluble sugars/g d.m. The highest quantity of oligosaccharides of the raffinose series was found in seeds of <em>Lupinus luteus</em>, while the lowest amount in seed of <em>Lupinus palaestinus</em>. Galactosyl cyclitols appeared in largest amount in seeds of <em>Lupinus palaestinus</em> and <em>Lupinus pilosus</em>, appropriately 41.93 and 33.75 mg/g dm. The lowest amount of galactosyl cyclitols appeared in <em>Lupinus atlanticus</em>, <em>Lupinus cosentinii</em> and <em>Lupinus hispanicus</em>.

scholarly journals The Role of Saccharides in the Mechanisms of Pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lupini in Yellow Lupine (Lupinus luteus L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7258
Author(s):  
Magda Formela-Luboińska ◽  
Dorota Remlein-Starosta ◽  
Agnieszka Waśkiewicz ◽  
Zbigniew Karolewski ◽  
Jan Bocianowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Embryo Axes ◽  
Yellow Lupine ◽  
Sugar Levels

The primary aim of this study was to determine the relationship between soluble sugar levels (sucrose, glucose, or fructose) in yellow lupine embryo axes and the pathogenicity of the hemibiotrophic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Schlecht lupini. The first step of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous saccharides on the growth and sporulation of F. oxysporum. The second one focused on estimating the levels of ergosterol as a fungal growth indicator in infected embryo axes cultured in vitro on sugar containing-medium or without it. The third aim of this study was to record the levels of the mycotoxin moniliformin as the most characteristic secondary metabolite of F. oxysporum in the infected embryo axes with the high sugar medium and without it. Additionally, morphometric measurements, i.e., the length and fresh weight of embryo axes, were done. The levels of ergosterol were the highest in infected embryo axes with a sugar deficit. At the same time, significant accumulation of the mycotoxin moniliformin was recorded in those tissues. Furthermore, it was found that the presence of sugars in water agar medium inhibited the sporulation of the pathogenic fungus F. oxysporum in relation to the control (sporulation of the pathogen on medium without sugar), the strongest inhibiting effect was observed in the case of glucose. Infection caused by F. oxysporum significantly limited the growth of embryo axes, but this effect was more visible on infected axes cultured under sugar deficiency than on the ones cultured with soluble sugars. The obtained results thus showed that high sugar levels may lead to reduced production of mycotoxins by F. oxysporum, limiting infection development and fusariosis.

scholarly journals Different effects of soil drought on soluble carbohydrates of developing Lupinus pilosus and Lupinus luteus embryos

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak ◽  
Dariusz J. Michalczyk ◽  
Barbara Adomas ◽  
Ryszard J. Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Normal Soil ◽  
Galactosyl Cyclitols ◽  
Lupinus Pilosus ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

The aim of this study was to compare the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in embryos of two lupin species: cultivated <em>Lupinus luteus</em> (cv. Juno) and wild <em>L. pilosus</em>, developing on plants grown under normal soil humidity and soil drought. All analysed seeds accumulated soluble carbohydrates, including: monosaccharides, sucrose, cyclitols, galactosyl cyclitols and raffinose family oligosaccharides. Soil drought caused a nearly two-fold increase of soluble carbohydrate contents in both species. <em>L. pilosus</em> embryos however, responded to water deficiency by increasing the accumulation of cyclitols and galactosyl cyclitols, whereas <em>L. luteus</em> embryos enhanced accumulation of cyclitols and raffinose family oligosaccharides.

scholarly journals Invertase and sucrose synthase activities in coffee plants sprayed with sucrose solution

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos da Silva ◽  
José Donizeti Alves ◽  
Amauri Alves de Alvarenga ◽  
Marcelo Murad Magalhães ◽  
Dárlan Einstein do Livramento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
High Level

One management practice of which the efficiency has not yet been scientifically tested is spraying coffee plants with diluted sucrose solutions as a source of carbon for the plant. This paper evaluates the effect of foliar spraying with sugar on the endogenous level of carbohydrates and on the activities of invertase and sucrose synthase in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings with reduced (low) and high (normal) levels of carbon reserve. The concentrations used were 0.5 and 1.0% sucrose, and water as a control. The use of sucrose at 1.0% caused an increase in the concentration of total soluble sugars in depauperate plants, as well as increased the activity of the following enzymes: cell wall and vacuole acid invertase, neutral cytosol invertase and sucrose synthase. In plants with high level of carbon reserve, no increments in total soluble sugar levels or in enzymatic activity were observed. Regardless of treatments or plants physiological state, no differences in transpiration or stomatal conductance were observed, demonstrating the stomatal control of transpiration. Photosynthesis was stimulated with the use of 0.5 and 1.0 % sucrose only in depauperate plants. Coffee seedling spraying with sucrose is only efficient for depauperate plants, at the concentration of 1.0%.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Effect of Early Defoliation on Dry Matter Accumulation and Storage of Reserves on ‘Abbé Fétel’ Pear Trees

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2169-2177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Mesa ◽  
Sara Serra ◽  
Andrea Masia ◽  
Federico Gagliardi ◽  
Daniele Bucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Pear Trees

Annual accumulation of starch is affected by carbon reserves stored in the organs during the growing season and is controlled mainly by sink strength gradients within the tree. However, unfavorable environmental conditions (e.g., hail events) or application of management practices (e.g., defoliation to enhance overcolor in bicolor apple) could influence the allocation of storage carbohydrates. This preliminary research was conducted to determine the effects of early defoliation on the dry matter, starch, and soluble carbohydrate dynamics in woody organs, roots, and mixed buds classified by age and two levels of crop-load for one growing season in ‘Abbé Fétel’ pear trees (Oct. 2012 to mid-Jan. 2013 in the northern hemisphere). Regardless of the organs evaluated (woody organs, roots, and mixed buds), an increase of soluble carbohydrate concentration was observed in these organs in the period between after harvest (October) and January (dormancy period). Among all organs, woody short-old spurs showed the highest increase (+93.5%) in soluble sugars. With respect to starch, woody organs showed a clear trend of decreasing in concentration between October and January. In this case, short-old spurs showed the smallest decline in starch concentrations, only 6.5%, whereas in other tree organs starch decreased by 34.5%. After harvest (October), leaves showed substantially higher starch and soluble sugar concentrations in trees with lower crop-loads. These results confirm that in the period between October and January, dynamic interconversions between starch and soluble carbohydrates occur at varying magnitudes among organs in pear trees.

scholarly journals Physiological-biochemical parameters and characteristics of seed coat structure in lupin seeds subjected to long storage at different temperatures

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak ◽  
Dariusz J. Michalczyk ◽  
Kamila Górska ◽  
Zofia Bulińska-Radomska ◽  
Ryszard J. Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Lupin Seeds

Seed vigour, viability, the contents of soluble carbohydrates, total protein, albumins, and globulins, as well as seed coat structure, were analysed in yellow lupin (<em>Lupinus luteus</em> L.) cv. Iryd seeds stored for 20 years at -14<sup>o</sup>C, 0<sup>o</sup>C or at room temperature (approx. +20<sup>o</sup>C). Seed storage at room temperature reduced viability (to 2%) and increased seed leachate electroconductivity. Determinations of total proteins showed that protein content was significantly reduced in seeds stored at +20<sup>o</sup>C compared to the other storage regimens. Raffinose family oligosaccharides were the main soluble carbohydrates in seeds stored at 0<sup>o</sup>C and -14<sup>o</sup>C, whereas sucrose dominated in seeds stored at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of seed surface and seed coat sections revealed appearance of an amorphic layer on the surface of seeds stored at room temperature (not observed in other seeds) and distinct shrinking of macrosclereid layer in seeds stored at -14<sup>o</sup>C. Macrosclereids layer in all seeds was 100 um thick and accounted for 60% of seed coat thickness. The obtained results suggest that for long term storage of lupin seeds at 0<sup>o</sup>C is the most advisable temperature if both costs of storage and seed storability are considered.

scholarly journals Far-red light enhances soluble sugar levels and Botrytis cinerea disease development in tomato leaves in a jasmonate-dependent manner

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Courbier ◽  
Sanne Grevink ◽  
Emma Sluijs ◽  
Pierre-Olivier Bonhomme ◽  
Kaisa Kajala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Red Led ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Ja Signaling

SummaryPlants lacking phytochrome photoreceptors display elevated soluble sugar levels in leaves. Although pathogens principally feed on sugars supplied by the plant, the link between increased plant sugar levels upon phytochrome inactivation and disease development has not been considered.Tomato plants were exposed to control white LED (WL) or a combination of white and far-red LED (WL+FR) light, to inactivate phytochrome signaling and modulate soluble sugar levels. We also experimentally manipulated internal sugar levels by either supplementing glucose or inhibiting photosynthesis in tomato leaflets prior to performing soluble sugar quantifications or bioassays with pathogens.Tomato plants exposed to WL+FR or lacking phytochrome B (phyB1phyB2 double mutants) show enhanced levels of soluble sugars, especially glucose and fructose, in their leaves. The jasmonic acid biosynthesis mutant def1 also has elevated soluble sugar levels, which could be rescued by exogenous methyl-jasmonate application. This indicates an interplay between JA signaling and primary metabolism.The increase in soluble sugar levels in tomato leaves upon phytochrome inactivation is regulated in a JA-dependent manner. Our data stress the importance of primary metabolism in the FR-induced susceptibility in tomato that could contribute to promote plant resistance when grown at high density.

scholarly journals Improving the Mould and Blue-Stain-Resistance of Bamboo through Acidic Hydrolysis

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Zixuan Yu ◽  
Xiaofeng Zhang ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Yan Yu ◽  
Fengbo Sun
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Acidic Hydrolysis ◽  
Stain Resistance ◽  
Starch Grain ◽  
Blue Stain

Bamboo is much more easily attacked by fungus compared with wood, resulting in shorter service life and higher loss in storage and transportation. It has been long accepted that the high content of starch and sugars in bamboo is mainly responsible for its low mould resistance. In this paper, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, and hydrochloric acid were adopted to hydrothermally hydrolyze the starch in bamboo, with the aims to investigate their respective effect on the mould and blue-stain resistance of bamboo, and the optimized citric acid in different concentrations were studied. The starch content, glucose yields, weight loss, and colour changes of solid bamboo caused by the different acidic hydrolysis were also compared. The results indicated that weak acidic hydrolysis treatment was capable of improving mould-resistant of bamboo. The mould resistance increased with the increased concentration of citric acid. Bamboo treated with citric acid in the concentration of 10% could reduce the infected area ranging to 10–17%, the growth rating of which could reach 1 resistance. The content of soluble sugar and starch remained in bamboo decreased significantly from 43 mg/g to 31 mg/g and 46 mg/g to 23 mg/g, respectively, when the citric acid concentration varied from 4% to 10%. Citric acid treatments of 10% also caused a greatest surface colour change and weight loss. The results in this study demonstrated citric acid treatment can effectively reduce the starch grain and soluble sugars content and improve mould resistance of bamboo, which can be attributed to the reduction of starch grain and soluble carbohydrates (such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose, etc.) in bamboo.

scholarly journals ALSTROEMERIA CARBOHYDRATE PARTITIONING

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1079f-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Graper ◽  
Will Healy
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Fibrous Roots ◽  
And Storage

Non flowering Alstroemeria `Regina' plants were divided into aerial components: stems and apical and basal leaves or underground components: rhizome, storage roots, stele and fibrous roots. Samples were collected from distal and proximal ends of the rhizome to allow comparisons between structures of different ages. Ethanol soluble sugars were extracted and measured using HPLC. Starch was degraded to glucose using amyloglucosidase and measured.There were no age differences in the starch, total soluble sugar (TSUGAR) or total soluble carbohydrates (TCHO) in the rhizome or aerial portions of the plant. There was a preferential partitioning of starch, sucrose, TSUGAR and TCHO to underground plant parts. The storage roots were the primary sink for the stored carbohydrates. Stems contained large concentration of glucose while fructose was found in storage roots and old stems. Sucrose was found primarily in old steles and storage roots. Starch was partitioned almost exclusively into the storage roots with no difference due to age of the storage root. Up to 42% of the TCHO in the old storage roots was composed of a carbohydrate which co-chromatogramed with melezitose using HPLC.

scholarly journals Variability in the oligosaccharide concentration in seeds of the mapping population of pea (Pisum sativum L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gawłowska ◽  
L. Lahuta ◽  
W. Święcicki ◽  
P. Krajewski
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Pea Seeds

Anti-nutritional compounds are among the obstacles to the use of pea seeds as a protein source in both feed and food. These compounds are poorly digested by both monogastric animals and humans. There are three main oligosaccharides in pea: raffinose, stachyose and verbascose (raffinose family oligosaccharides &ndash; RFOs). The concentration of oligosaccharides in dry seeds, the oligosaccharide percent to the total content of soluble sugars and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were analysed in the mapping population Wt10245 &times; Wt11238. The composition and concentration of soluble carbohydrates in seeds harvested from two field experiments (2002 and 2004) were analysed by the high resolution gas chromatography method. The Wt10245 &times; Wt11238 population was chosen because of the greater difference in the concentration of RFOs in seeds between parental lines (56.48&nbsp;mg/g seed in Wt10245 and 99.1 mg/g seed in Wt11238). The average levels of oligosaccharides (mg/g&nbsp;seed) from both field experiments in the mapping population were: myo-inositol 1.5, sucrose 33.3, galactinol 0.8, raffinose 9.6, stachyose 30.1, verbascose 37.1. The total oligosaccharide concentration was 76.8 mg/g seed. This comprised anaverage of 68% soluble sugars, with the range from 59% to 75%. There was no interaction between lines and years of experiments (significance of lines &times; year interaction, F statistic &gt; 0.01). One main quantitative trait locus was found for both experiments in LG VA (the tl-r interval) and three additional: in LG I (five traits 2002 and 2004 near afp1k), LG II (two traits 2002 near afp15h) and LG IIIB (five traits 2004 and 2002 near afp4i and M16). The main QTL was responsible for the level of RFOs and the total soluble sugar concentration in seeds. The results are in agreement with the knowledge of RFO biosynthesis. This makes selection for changes in the proportion of the particular oligosaccharides difficult, like in Phaseolus. However, it is possible to decrease the RFO content in pea seeds. The linkage between QTL and the gene r is interesting. The rugosus (r) locus changes the morphology and distribution of starch grains, decreases the total starch accumulation, produces a higher ratio of amylose to amylopectin and higher sugar and water content during development along with changes in cell size and lipid content.

Effects of chronic exposure to ozone on soluble sugar and ascorbic acid contents of pine seedlings

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Pine Species

Small seedlings of five pine species (Pinus strobus, echinata, elliottii, serotina, and taeda) were exposed to low levels of ozone for periods from 5 to 22 weeks. Exposure to 5 parts per hundred million ozone resulted in significant increases in total soluble carbohydrates, reducing sugars, and ascorbic acid. In seedlings exposed to 15 pphm ozone, soluble sugars were higher than in the controls but ascorbic acid levels were not.

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