The effect of the fishing season on the use value and physicochemical properties of the meat of selected fish species reared in Polish aquaculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kaliniak
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fishing Season ◽  
The Impact

The objective of the research was to evaluate the impact of the fishing season on the value in use and physicochemical properties of the meat of selected fish species reared in Polish aquaculture. The study was conducted on five species: rainbow trout, common carp, grass carp, pike and tench. Fish were obtained from farms located in the Lublin Voivodeship in two seasons (spring/summer and autumn/winter). Morphometric measurements of the fish were performed, the percentage shares of body parts were assessed, and the physicochemical properties of the muscle tissue were measured: pH, electrical conductivity, water holding capacity, and CIE L*a*b* colour characteristics. The fishing season significantly affected the body weight of carp, rainbow trout and pike, the greatest body height of carp and rainbow trout, and the total length and head length of pike. Pike, grass carp and tench had significantly lower Fulton’s condition factors in the autumn/winter season than in the spring/summer season. The season significantly influenced the share of viscera in rainbow trout and grass carp, and that of fins in carp and rainbow trout. A significant impact of the season was also noted in the case of pH in rainbow trout and tench, electrical conductivity in trout, pike and tench, and the M/T ratio in grass carp and tench. Chromatic parameters differed significantly between seasons in pike (a*) and in carp and rainbow trout (b*).

scholarly journals A Two Joint Neck Model to Identify Malposition of the Head Relative to the Thorax

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3297
Author(s):  
Philipp M. Schmid ◽  
Christoph M. Bauer ◽  
Markus J. Ernst ◽  
Bettina Sommer ◽  
Lars Lünenburger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Biofeedback System ◽  
Simple Measurement ◽  
The Impact

Neck pain is a frequent health complaint. Prolonged protracted malpositions of the head are associated with neck pain and headaches and could be prevented using biofeedback systems. A practical biofeedback system to detect malpositions should be realized with a simple measurement setup. To achieve this, a simple biomechanical model representing head orientation and translation relative to the thorax is introduced. To identify the parameters of this model, anthropometric data were acquired from eight healthy volunteers. In this work we determine (i) the accuracy of the proposed model when the neck length is known, (ii) the dependency of the neck length on the body height, and (iii) the impact of a wrong neck length on the models accuracy. The resulting model is able to describe the motion of the head with a maximum uncertainty of 5 mm only. To achieve this high accuracy the effective neck length must be known a priory. If however, this parameter is assumed to be a linear function of the palpable neck length, the measurement error increases. Still, the resulting accuracy can be sufficient to identify and monitor a protracted malposition of the head relative to the thorax.

scholarly journals Management Practices, Farmers’ Knowledge of Diseased Fish, and Their Occurrence in Fish Farms in Nyeri County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Isaac R. Mulei ◽  
Paul G. Mbuthia ◽  
Robert M. Waruiru ◽  
Phillip N. Nyaga ◽  
Stephen Mutoloki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Fish Diseases ◽  
Diseased Fish ◽  
The Impact

In this study, fish farmers’ management practices, occurrence, and knowledge of fish diseases in Nyeri County, Kenya, were evaluated. Fish farming management practices for small-scale farmers in Kenya have numerous challenges which have led to disease occurrence and reduced production. Moreover, the impact and association of these challenges to farmers’ knowledge of fish diseases and their burden has not been fully studied. A semistructured questionnaire was used to capture farmers’ biodata, fish species farmed, and farmers’ management practices such as handling of nets, pond fertilization, and disposal of fish waste. Farmers’ knowledge of fish diseases was based on their ability to identify independent and dependent variable indicators. Independent variables included clinical signs, decreased feeding, bulging eyes, floating on water, abdominal swelling, bulging eyes, abnormal skin color, reduced growth, and abnormal swimming with fish death as were the dependent variable. A total of 208 farmers were interviewed and included those of tilapia (134), mixed tilapia and catfish (40), catfish (22), rainbow trout, and five dams under cooperative management. Tilapia was the most kept fish species (66.8%) followed by polyculture of tilapia and catfish (20%) and rainbow trout (2%). Most respondents were male (78.5%) over 51 years of age (50%). Fifty percent of the respondents had secondary school education. There was a significant association between deaths and sharing of nets in Kieni East subcounty ( p = 0.0049 , chi-square), while on-farm fish waste disposing appeared to cause higher deaths compared to burning of the waste although not statistically significant ( p = 0.13 ). Few respondents observed decreased feed uptake (<20%) and poor growth. Fifty-seven percent of farmers reported mortalities. Fish poor growth, floating in water, and management practices in subcounties had significant effect on fish deaths. The farmers had knowledge of signs of diseased fish, but there was paucity of knowing the specific causes of disease. Farmers need to be empowered on best aquaculture husbandry to avoid disease transmission and specific fish disease signs to enhance proper reporting of disease for subsequent mitigation measures.

scholarly journals Intensity of growth and development of rainbow trout using feeds Aller Aqua and Aquafeed Fischfutter

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (79) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Pivtorak ◽  
I. Y. Bobel
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
German Producer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Content Of Oxygen

Due to the rapid development of feed since the early 1990's, efficiency has increased dramatically. The effectiveness is achieved by increasing energy levels, reducing the level of carbohydrates and balancing various nutrients that meet the needs of fish. Improvement of efficiency should be taken into account when determining the amount of ration feeding. The economic efficiency of growing fish depends largely on proper feeding. The feed should be dosed depending on its formulation and size, the physiological state of the fish, the temperature of water and the content of oxygen in it. Salmon fish are demanding oxygen treatment. The content of oxygen in water should be at least 7 mg/l. At a lower oxygen level, the growth of fish is suppressed, and the effectiveness of food is reduced. The optimum temperature of water for growing salmon fish is 14–18 °С. Excessive feeding leads to unproductive feed costs and water pollution, insufficient  feeding leads to incomplete realization of potential opportunities for the rate of growth of fish. The quantity of the daily ration is established taking into account the temperature of water and the mass of fish. Depending on their state, activity and conditions of maintenance, it can fluctuate within ± 20% of the norm. In addition, high fertility densities, unsanitary conditions, illness, low water exchange rates, low oxygen content in water affect the efficiency of feeding in trout farms. Due to the fact that the cost of forage for trout is up to 60% of all costs for its cultivation, the problem of it rational use and saving is at the forefront. When feeding trout it is necessary to take into account that the size of granules for young fish in the length of 4–20 cm should be from 2.2 to 2.6% of the body length (according to Smith), which corresponds to the size of the mouth and the distance between the gill stamens in rainbow trout. Fish is best fed often in small portions. The smaller the fish, the more often feeding. Going on a feed of another size or type should be gradually over 3–5 days. If necessary, it is necessary to use special therapeutic granulated food or a mixture of therapeutic ingredients to add to the wet granules. It is necessary to create optimal conditions for growing and to carry out constant monitoring of water temperature and its fluctuations, oxygen content in water, pH, atmospheric pressure, etc. It is necessary to follow the rules of storage of forages, taking into account that the quality of feed after being stored for more than 3 months is deteriorating. This happens. It may be caused by poor water quality or disease. In order for the fish to get used to a particular feeding regime, it is recommended to do feed it at the same time. Today, the diversity of feeds allows you to get a better feed rate, fast growth and a minimal impact on the environment under different conditions, since the need of  fish in nutrients is fully covered by feeds (energy, protein, minerals and vitamins). The use of Aller Aqua feed guarantees receiving of a strong, healthy fish, thus providing good economic performance to farms. The basis of the research is the analysis of the nutritional value of the feeds of the company Aquafeed Fishsfutter of the German producer and Aller Aqua of the Danish company in the production conditions on the farm of the Western Fish Company PP of Peremyshlyany district, Lviv region. Also we should study fodder, their composition and carry out an objective assessment. It is known that fodder of foreign producers are characterized by higher energy value due to increased fat content, which is achieved by application of the appropriate technology and equipment for vacuum desiccation. For example, Aller Aqua's salmon-based compound feed for protein levels 40–46% contains 15 to 32% lipids and 23–24 MJ/kg of gross energy. Due to the high energy value, these feeds allow to provide the growth of fish at low feed costs. The aim of the work was to analyze the impact of different producers of feed fodder for commodity groups of trout on their growth and the development and receipt of quality commodity products in short terms.

Analysis of dental morbidity of persons of an organized team in unfavorable working conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Rofail Rakhmanov ◽  
Elena Bogomolova ◽  
Sergey Razgulin ◽  
Gamzat Bakhmudov ◽  
Murat Alikberov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
The Body ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
Carious Process ◽  
Total Structure ◽  
The Impact

The prevalence of diseases of the oral cavity in military personnel serving under the contract at various altitudes above sea level in Dagestan was estimated. The working conditions and the influence of physical environmental factors at the effective temperature in the autumn-winter-spring periods of the year are estimated. Professional activity belonged to the category of works IIb. Labor was assessed as harmful 2 degrees (class 3.2). In the winter season, a critical risk of frostbite of the body at medium temperatures and maximum wind was found at heights of 4 m and 1661 m. In the spring and autumn, a moderate risk of frostbite was noted at all altitudes. Dental diseases were registered in the classes «Neoplasms», «Diseases of the digestive system» and «Injuries and poisoning»; their share in the total structure was 15.03%. In the class «Diseases of the digestive system,» the share of dental diseases reached 80.2%. The group «Caries, its complications and other diseases of hard tissues of teeth» occupied the 1st rank place in the structure of morbidity, which is equal to morbidity in the class «Respiratory diseases». The level of oral hygiene is 2.8 ± 0.2 (very low): the teeth are significantly covered with plaque, leading to the progression of pathological processes. Description of the dental status: KPU index (carious, filled, extracted tooth) is 8.5 ± 0.3. The prevailing indicator was «carious», indicating an active carious process in the tissues of the teeth and the «lag» of the treatment, leading to their removal. Military personnel approached a critical indicator of fitness for professional activity. The need for oral sanitation reached 65.5 ± 7.9%. The share of labor losses for dental diseases of the class «Digestive apparatus diseases» reached 3.2%, excluding separation from duty on the day of treatment, of which there are several. The study proves the impact of adverse working conditions on dental morbidity, the need for their assessment to identify risk factors and develop preventive measures.

scholarly journals Osteoconstructive nanocomposite based on polyurethane with additives of polysaccharides of various origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Nadezhda M. Storozhok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Polygalacturonic Acid ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bone Glue

The basics of chemistry and manufacturing techniques of medical bone glue based on a polymer-polyurethane matrix, in which natural polysaccharides are additionally introduced, are described. The physicomechanical characteristics of the reconstructed bones (on the model of pork ribs) are given in comparison with polyurethane without additives (kryptonite). We measured the force necessary for a longitudinal fracture of the bone at the junction, the impact force leading to the destruction of the polymer. The tests were carried out on a universal machine for tensile testing IR 5047-50, the tensile strength of which reaches 50×103 N. It is shown that, compared with the mechanical strength of kryptonite (0.85 kPa), most polysaccharide composites are stronger from 1.2 to 2,3 times. Additives of sodium alginate and hyaluronic acid contribute to the formation of the most stable structures (2.00 MPa and 1.60 MPa, respectively). The strength of the glue with the inclusion of chitin is 1.05 MPa. The least tear resistant is the polyurethane-pectin copolymer (0.140 MPa). The low strength of glue with pectin is explained by the features of its chemical structure, a high degree of esterification of polygalacturonic acid (84%). Impact destruction of the material was recorded at 200 MPa, while the composite crack did not break up into fragments. Thus, the strength of new biopolymer composites is determined by the structure of polysaccharides, which increase the adhesive properties of potential medical adhesives. Using a JSM-6510 LA scanning electron microscope from JEOL (Japan), it was shown that the composite is a cellular structure along the entire depth of the material, 70% of the polymer has pores with a size (55-160) microns. The resulting glue may be compatible with bone tissue. Osteoblasts with a size of 20-30 μm can grow into the cellular structure of new materials and further increase their strength by osseointegration with the host bone. It was found that complete curing of kryptonite occurs in 75 minutes. Materials with additives of other polysaccharides can be cured in much less time (hyaluronic acid, xanthan, pectin in 15 minutes, sodium alginate in 50 minutes. The exception was chitin, which hardens in 200 minutes. During curing, the volume of all polymers increased and amounted to pectin, hyaluronic acid, xanthan gum, sodium alginate, chitin (32; 50; 62; 110, 250)% of the initial value, respectively. Kryptonite was characterized by a 130% increase in volume. Studying the interaction of polymers with water in an isotonic solution of sodium chlorine, imitating the internal environment of the body, showed that kryptonite does not absorb water within 40 days of observation, the mass of pectin increased by 2% in 2 days, xanthan – by 5%, sodium alginate – by 12%, and in 40 days the mass of xanthan gum and sodium alginate increased by 12 and 24%, respectively. The polyurethane composite with pectin lost 10% of its mass in the first 2 days and 35% in the next 40 days, which indicates hydrolysis of ester bonds in polygalacturonic acid. A composite with hyaluronic acid quickly absorbed water (30% in the first 6 hours), turned into a gel and lost its adhesive properties. In air, this polymer hardens quite quickly. It is obvious that composites with hyaluronic acid can only be used in an anhydrous environment. The most promising as medical bone glue is a polyurethane-xanthan copolymer, the physicochemical properties of which (curing time 15 minutes, an increase in volume by 62%) allow the formation of a bone bonding area and also regulate its surface during surgery. There is a direct relationship between the physicochemical properties of the new composites, the features of the primary structure, and the spatial organization of carbohydrate macromolecules. A methodological approach to the development of adhesives promising for reconstructive medicine of mineralized tissues is proposed.

Approaches to assess the impact of nanoparticles on the human body

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-447
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Kashuba
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Working Day ◽  
The Impact

The analysis of the behavior of nanoparticles in aerosols, their aerodynamic peculiarities and interaction with microparticles was made. The features of nanoparticle cumulation in the air of the working area of industrial premises during the working day, as well as during two, or three-shifts working day are studied; the features of the nanoparticles aggregation in aerosol with their subsequent degeneration into microparticles and further sedimentation are examined. The features of the transcutaneous entry of nanoparticles into a human body are considered. It was pointed out that nanoparticles of various sizes can differ in their physicochemical properties, and, correspondingly, their influence on biological systems. Therefore, it is shown that in order to establish the toxicological hazard of nanoparticles, it is necessary to establish the most sensitive system and weight concentrations of nanoparticles, as well as their most dangerous size range, i.e. it is necessary to take into account the dispersion distribution of nanoparticles. It was demonstrated that the solubility of micro- and nanoparticles can be crucial for assessing their influence on the body in case of the body transcutaneous entry or by inhalation. Possible approaches to assessing the intensity of the effect of nanoparticles on the human body are considered. New methodological approaches to assessing the effect of nanoparticles on the human body are proposed. The complexity and features of the regulation of nanoparticles in the air of the working area are described. It has been proposed to take into account the value of the “absorbed dose” while assessing the effect of aerosols containing micro- and nanoparticles.

scholarly journals The impact of adjustment of a weight-height index (W/H2) for frame size on the prediction of body fatness

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maartje A. Rookus ◽  
Jan Burema ◽  
Paul Deurenberg ◽  
Wilhelmina A. M. Van Der Wiel-Wetzels
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Body Diameter ◽  
The Impact

1. The impact of frame-size categories in weight-height tables was studied by comparing the efficiency of the body-mass index (weight/height2 (W/H2)) and weight adjusted for body-height and a body-diameter, W/(H2Dp), in predicting body fatness.2. Body-weight, body-height, six body-diameters and four skinfold thicknesses were measured in ninety-five men and seventy women, aged between 23 and 35 years. Percentage of body fat was calculated from skinfold thicknesses using regression equations according to Durnin & Womersley (1974).3. The inclusion of a body-diameter increased the explained variation of body fatness from 57% to 62% (knee) and 63% (shoulder) in men and from 63% to 69% (knee) in women.4. It can be concluded that in the present population the efficiency of the prediction of percentage of body fat was not improved markedly by the inclusion of a body-diameter in the body-mass index, thus giving no support for the inclusion of frame-size categories in weight-height tables.

scholarly journals The Impact of Physicochemical Characteristics on Therapeutic Efficacy of Anticancer Nanomaterials: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Mensura Sied Filli ◽  
Ahmed Abdalla Ibrahim ◽  
Md Aquib ◽  
Abdul Baset Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
The Impact

Cancer is a leading cause of death throughout the world which suffers from treatment failures mainly due to intensive toxicity and lack of effectiveness of conventional drugs. The application of nanotechnology in cancer treatment promises to overcome the drawbacks of conventional drugs/dosage forms and improve their therapeutic efficacy. Nanomaterials have novel properties that influence their in vivo performance. The biological behaviour of nanotechnology-based medicines in the body, which is different from the in vivo performance of conventional drug delivery systems, may provide benefits in pharmaceutical and/or clinical applications including, enhancements in solubility, stability, therapeutic efficacy, minimized side effects, and treatment of diseases. This paper discusses the unique characteristics and distinguished advantages of nanomaterials as anticancer drug carriers. Physicochemical properties of nanomaterials are critical parameters to their clinical translation. Hence, the impact of the main physicochemical properties on the efficacy of anticancer nanomaterials, which are found to effective for cancer treatment and/or diagnosis, are presented. It is important to have reliable and robust characterization techniques that could enable relate physicochemical properties of nanomaterials with their in vivo behaviour. Brief explanation of the different techniques that can be used for studying the various physicochemical characteristics of nanomaterials is given. An important consideration, to achieve fast and successful development of nanotechnology-based anticancer drug products, is assessment and optimization of physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties at the early stage. Obviously this requires collaboration among the different discovery and development scientists.

scholarly journals Distribution of feet pressure on ground and maintaining body balance among 8–10-year-old children with and without external load application

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Jaszczur-Nowicki ◽  
Joanna M. Bukowska ◽  
Dariusz Kruczkowski ◽  
Magdalena Pieniążek ◽  
Grzegorz Mańko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Research Group ◽  
External Load ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Balance ◽  
Balance Testing ◽  
Foot Force ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of applying an external load on the distribution of pressure on the plantar side of the foot and maintaining body balance, using the podobarographic platform. Methods: The study was conducted on 130 school children aged 8–10: girls (n = 68, body mass = 22.8 ± 6.0 kg, body height = 129.3 ± 7.5 cm) and boys (n = 62, body mass = 31.1 ± 6.5 kg, body height 134.4 ± 7.3 cm). The study involved 2 trials. At first, children stood on the platform assuming a natural position. Then, they put on a 5-kg backpack and stood on the platform once more. Results: The results indicate that after backpack loading, for the total research group of girls and boys, statistically significant differences were found in the distribution of foot force on the ground in the left forefoot (p = 0.008), metatarsus (p = 0.000) and heel areas (p = 0.002). While in the right foot, these differences were noted for the forefoot (p = 0.024) and metatarsus (p = 0.000). The results of balance testing were also statistically significant. They concerned measurements of the body barycentre area (cop-bars p = 0.003), the barycentre area of the left foot (l-bars p = 0.034) and the parameter comparing distance to surface ratio (cop-lsf p = 0.000). Conclusions: It may be concluded that prolonged overloading with backpacks affects movement patterns, which may further lead to the acquisition and consolidation of postural defects.

scholarly journals Approaches to assess the impact of nanoparticles on the human body

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-447
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Kashuba
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Working Day ◽  
The Impact

The analysis of the behavior of nanoparticles in aerosols, their aerodynamic peculiarities and interaction with microparticles was made. The features of nanoparticle cumulation in the air of the working area of industrial premises during the working day, as well as during two, or three-shifts working day are studied; the features of the nanoparticles aggregation in aerosol with their subsequent degeneration into microparticles and further sedimentation are examined. The features of the transcutaneous entry of nanoparticles into a human body are considered. It was pointed out that nanoparticles of various sizes can differ in their physicochemical properties, and, correspondingly, their influence on biological systems. Therefore, it is shown that in order to establish the toxicological hazard of nanoparticles, it is necessary to establish the most sensitive system and weight concentrations of nanoparticles, as well as their most dangerous size range, i.e. it is necessary to take into account the dispersion distribution of nanoparticles. It was demonstrated that the solubility of micro- and nanoparticles can be crucial for assessing their influence on the body in case of the body transcutaneous entry or by inhalation. Possible approaches to assessing the intensity of the effect of nanoparticles on the human body are considered. New methodological approaches to assessing the effect of nanoparticles on the human body are proposed. The complexity and features of the regulation of nanoparticles in the air of the working area are described. It has been proposed to take into account the value of the “absorbed dose” while assessing the effect of aerosols containing micro- and nanoparticles.

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