Influence of qualitative and dimensional classification of Pinewood raw material as an efficiency indicator in the production of selected timber assortments

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
MAREK WIERUSZEWSKI ◽  
RADOSŁAW MIRSKI ◽  
JAKUB KAWALERCZYK ◽  
ADRIAN TROCIŃSKI

Wood processing plants in Poland are recipients of more than 50% of round wood, which is delivered by the State Forests National Forest Holding. Thus playing a crucial role in the technological processing of raw material for all other wood industry branches. Each group of recipients has individual needs and expectations concerning the quality of the raw material such as, its type and the size of the cross-sections of the assortment used for further production. Therefore, it is economically justified for small production plants to abandon the production of narrow groups of assortments, which usually meets the standards of timber for general purposes. The aim is to make wood processing more flexible and lower the quality of raw material to produce assortments for a specific branches of the wood industry. Wood processing experiments were conducted to produce laths for construction purposes. These materials are one of the most important elements of roof constructions. The research proved empirically that it was possible to produce quality class 1 laths (88% of all laths produced) from WC0 class pinewood used as the input raw material and that the quantitative efficiency exceeded 55%.

Author(s):  
Л.Д. Бухтояров ◽  
И.В. Григорьев ◽  
О.А. Куницкая ◽  
А.Е. Лукин ◽  
Д.Е. Куницкая

Из древесины производится около 20 тысяч наименований продукции, причем около 95% приходится на продукцию химической и механо-химической переработки древесины. Большая часть таких производств в качестве сырья потребляет технологическую щепу, к которой предъявляются требования по наличию в ней коры, гнилей и минеральных включений. Наиболее трудо- и энергоемкой операцией технологического процесса по производству технологической щепы является окорка балансовой древесины, которая в подавляющем большинстве случаев производится методом групповой окорки в окорочных барабанах различной конструкции. В статье представлена математическая модель процесса групповой окорки лесоматериалов в окорочных барабанах, позволяющая оценивать один из основных параметров групповой окорки лесоматериалов – время их обработки, при котором будут минимизированы потери древесины без снижения качества окорки, с учетом конструктивных элементов барабана, параметров балансов, их свойств и температуры. Учтен вероятностный характер таких показателей, как время окорки, физико-механические свойства коры и древесины, особенности распределения слоев коры по глубине, что обусловило необходимость применения математической модели, основанной на принципах ситуационного моделирования процессов перехода лесоматериала из одного состояния в другое. Методика расчета и управления основными параметрами процесса позволяет разрабатывать организационные, технологические и технические мероприятия, обеспечивающие стабильность качественных показателей групповой окорки лесоматериалов в окорочных барабанах. Также модель представлена в виде функциональной блок-схемы, основанной на графическом интерфейсе Matlab с приложением Simulink. Используя наборы блоков Simulink, отвечающих за константы, переменные, функции, и вычислительные операции, организован процесс расчета основных параметров объектно-ориентированным ме­тодом. Wood is produced about 20 thousand kinds of products, with about 95% products of the chemical and mechano-chemical processing of wood. Most of these industries as raw material consumes wood chips, which are requirements for the presence of bark, rot and mineral inclusions. Most labor and energy intensive operation of the technological process for the manufacturing of wood chips is the debarking of pulpwood, which in the vast majority of cases, produced by a group of debarking in debarking drums of various designs. The article presents a mathematical model of the process of group debarking wood in debarking drums allows one to assess one of the key parameter group of debarking wood – processing times, which will be minimized wood losses without reducing the quality of the debarking, taking into account the structural elements of the drum, the balance parameters, their properties and temperature. Account the probabilistic nature of such indicators as: debarking, physical and mechanical properties of bark and wood, the distribution of layers of crust at depth, which necessitated the use of mathematical models based on the principles of situational simulation of the transition branch from one state to another. Calculation method and basic parameters of the process allows us to develop organizational, technological and technical measures ensuring the stability of quality indicators of group debarking wood in debarking drums. Also, the model presented in the form of functional block diagrams based on the graphical user interface of Matlab with Simulink application. Using the Simulink block sets of charge constants, variables, functions, and compute the organized process of calculating the basic parameters of the object-oriented method.


1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOFIA COSENTINO ◽  
FRANCESCA PALMAS

In Sardinia, ewe's milk is almost exclusively used for cheese manufacture, and it is usually processed in small dairies which do not have sufficient technical and scientific knowledge for largescale controlled production. This study was carried out to identify the sources of contamination and the kinds of contaminating microorganisms present in six ewe's milk processing plants in Sardinia. Samples were collected during production hours three times over a period of 6 months. Raw milk, heat-treated milk, curd, 30-day-old cheese, lactic culture, rennet, and water used in processing lines were analyzed and the microbial contamination of air and surfaces was evaluated. Total mesophilic aerobic counts, coliforms, Escherichia coli, gram-negative psychrotrophs, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., yeasts, and molds were determined. Our survey confirmed that the production offood of high microbiological quality is strictly dependent on the microbiological quality of the raw material, optimization of the parameters for the heat treatment, water of potable quality, well-defined cleaning and disinfection procedures, and properly hygienic processing conditions. In fact, only plants characterized by raw milk and rennet of acceptable quality, generally clean work surfaces, and low microbial counts in the air of working areas made finished products of high microbiological quality. Standardization of technological parameters and achievement of properly hygienic processing conditions will help minimize the risk of developing food-safety problems, in compliance with public health regulatory requirements. These actions would help guarantee an adequate quality of Sardinian ewe's milk cheeses and might also lead to access to the international market.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Е. L. Komarova ◽  
S. V. Chernova ◽  
K. V. Kasumova ◽  
M. S. Tabachnaya ◽  
L. V. Оvsyannikova ◽  
...  

Modern research in the field of chondroitin sulfate chemical composition is considered. Clinical efficiency and safety are shown to depend on the nature and quality of the raw material used, ways of its technological processing and the degree of purification. The composition of chemical compounds (CC) variable is stated to represent the mixture of 2 main isomeric forms: chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate. In the animal tissue chondroitin 4-sulfate dominates, the content of which is 70 %; the content of chondroitin 6-sulfate is 30 %. The cartilages of sharks and other hydrobionts have got low content of chondroitin 4-sulfate (10 %) and chondroitin 6-sulfate 80 %. Complex polymeric structure and instability of CC composition make the problem of drug standardization on its basis complicated. The impurities encountered in substances are considered. The impurities are divided into several groups: related impurities, technological or mechanical ones uncharacteristic of CC. Comparative analysis of requirements for raw material from the point of view of normative documentation of different countries is carried out and their considerable difference is detected. It has been shown that for raising pharmacological activity the producer of drugs must take into account all the parameters of CC including the structural composition, molecular weight and presence of impurities.


2006 ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
Jovan Miljkovic ◽  
Ivana Gavrilovic-Grmusa ◽  
Milanka Djiporovic-Momcilovic ◽  
Mladjan Popovic

Urea-formaldehyde (UF) glue resins were the most important type of adhesives in the wood industry last 60 years, especially for the production of wood based panels. More convenient spray dried UF powders went into use last two decades. Small and medium private wood processing plants in Serbia prefer to use such powder adhesives, since they are more convenient for small capacity production. There is no production of UF powder resin in Serbia so necessary quantities are imported from abroad including producers from Asia. However, their characteristics are variable, dependent on syntheses steps and not well known among users. Objective of this research was to determine conveniences and lacks in application of two imported UF powder resins in comparison to domestic UF emulsion.


2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1969-1972
Author(s):  
Rômulo Trevisan ◽  
Alexandre Zanella ◽  
Fernanda Marques da Silva ◽  
Magda Rosa ◽  
Tamires Fioresi ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: The study of the wood characteristics is of fundamental importance for the correct use of this raw material and, among its properties, the basic density is a major, being reference in the quality of this material. This study aimed to evaluate the axial variation of basic density of the wood of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertoloni) O. Kuntze in different diameter classes. For this, three trees were selected in six diameter classes, called class 1 (20-30cm), class 2 (30.1-40cm), class 3 (40.1-50cm), class 4 (50.1-60cm), class 5 (60.1-70cm) and class 6 (70.1-80cm). From each individual sampled was withdrawn a disc at 0.1m (base), 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the height of the first live branch and in the diameter at 1.30m from the ground (DBH), which were used for determining basic density. The weighted average basic density was equal to 0.422g cm-3 and, regardless of the diameter class analyzed, this property decreased in the axial direction. Diameter induced variation of basic density, but has not been verified a positive or negative systematic tendency in relation to the sampled interval.


2022 ◽  
pp. 132-145
Author(s):  
Máté Szabó

The purpose of the study. In the rapidly industrializing Hungary, the wood industry became an important economic branch in the country by the beginning of the 20th century, which also played a significant role in the country’s foreign trade. This industry was extremely important in the area I studied, as the forest cover along the Dráva was above the national average, and the quality of the forest stock also had an international reputation. In the last third of the 19th century, domestic and foreign demand for wood products increased, which was accompanied by an increase in the purchase prices of wood raw materials. Applied methods. I involved sources from monographies, employment and census records, and my own data from researches of archives. In my study I present the larger wood companies in the region, the results of the plants, the operation and extent of the industry, and their market relations. I also made a structural analysis examining the entrepreneur and its business together. Outcomes. During this period, the logistical and transportation possibilities of the region improved, as the railway lines – built almost completely until the war – networked the region. In addition to transport on the river, crossing opportunities also increased, so the raw material could reach a processing unit more and more quickly. In the age of dualism, a strong stratum of forest owners and entrepreneurs in the wood industry developed. Major wood industry enterprises were established mainly in the larger estates (Bellye, Dárda, Barcs, Berzence) or through citizenship in the territory of certain large municipalities. Outstanding among these was the Beliscian plant beyond the Dráva, which in two decades had become the largest timber company in Central Europe, employing thousands of people.


1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 479-481
Author(s):  
Herman S. Groninger

Some of the recent developments of our laboratory include: (a) CO2 in refrigerated seawater (RSW) as a preservative; (b) separation of crabmeat from shell by centrifuge; and (c) separation of meat from skin and bones by machine. (a) Addition of CO2 to the conventional RSW system, which is used aboard the vessel and at processing plants ashore, results in a system with the advantage of inhibition of microbial growth when compared to the original system. The CO2 in RSW system has been shown to be effective in maintaining the quality of salmon, rockfish, halibut, and shrimp, at higher levels than the conventional RSW system or ice. (b) Through use of a method involving centrifugation, it has been demonstrated that up to 15–20% of crab waste can be recovered as crabmeat. Separation of crabmeat from shell by a machine specifically designed for this purpose is being evaluated currently. (c) By machine separation, it has been shown that yields of edible flesh up to 49% and 46% can be achieved for Pacific hake and silvergray rockfish, respectively. Of the many possible uses of machine-separated flesh, our laboratory has demonstrated that this raw material can be used to prepare products such as spreads and modified protein and protein isolates.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-329
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Michalski ◽  
Anna Gembalska-Kwiecień ◽  
Anna Musioł ◽  
Štefánia Olejárová

Abstract One of the most important aspects related to the proper functioning of prosperous enterprises in the wood industry is to ensure safe and hygienic working conditions. The fulfillment of this condition is obligatory for all workplaces regardless of the field of activity. Due to the specificity of the industry based on wood processing, this industry is inseparably connected with the problem of pollination at workplaces. The chips that are formed during processing make it difficult to work, remain in and around workplaces, creating additional risks and impairing the quality of the manufactured products. It is therefore necessary to apply solutions to eliminate the dust hazard. One of such solutions, belonging to collective protection measures against pollination, are dedusting installations. One of the tools to improve working conditions is mandatory risk assessment. Thanks to its reliable implementation, it is possible to identify hazards occurring at workplaces and take measures to improve working conditions. Proper management of occupational risk is one of the key elements to ensure protection against risks at an appropriate level. The article analyzes the impact of the dedusting installation on the reduction of selected health hazards for employees in the selected carpentry shop.


2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Hung Van Tran

The Vietnam’s wood industry has obtained many encouraging achievements in recent years. In order to develop sustainably, the wood industry needs to ensure the quality of human resource, technology, capital, market and especially the material. As material accounts for a large share of the production cost, it is necessary to ensure both quantity and quality of its in the near future as well as in the longterm. The fact that most of raw material is imported seriously affects the Vietnam’s wood industry, such as reducing the activeness and competiveness of Vietnamese wood companies. This paper aims to evaluate the practice of raw material for Vietnam’s wood industry, thereby suggesting some solutions to sustainably develop the raw material for the wood industry.


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