Calculation of debarking drum in the Matlab environment.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.Д. Бухтояров ◽  
И.В. Григорьев ◽  
О.А. Куницкая ◽  
А.Е. Лукин ◽  
Д.Е. Куницкая
Keyword(s):  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Probabilistic Nature

Из древесины производится около 20 тысяч наименований продукции, причем около 95% приходится на продукцию химической и механо-химической переработки древесины. Большая часть таких производств в качестве сырья потребляет технологическую щепу, к которой предъявляются требования по наличию в ней коры, гнилей и минеральных включений. Наиболее трудо- и энергоемкой операцией технологического процесса по производству технологической щепы является окорка балансовой древесины, которая в подавляющем большинстве случаев производится методом групповой окорки в окорочных барабанах различной конструкции. В статье представлена математическая модель процесса групповой окорки лесоматериалов в окорочных барабанах, позволяющая оценивать один из основных параметров групповой окорки лесоматериалов – время их обработки, при котором будут минимизированы потери древесины без снижения качества окорки, с учетом конструктивных элементов барабана, параметров балансов, их свойств и температуры. Учтен вероятностный характер таких показателей, как время окорки, физико-механические свойства коры и древесины, особенности распределения слоев коры по глубине, что обусловило необходимость применения математической модели, основанной на принципах ситуационного моделирования процессов перехода лесоматериала из одного состояния в другое. Методика расчета и управления основными параметрами процесса позволяет разрабатывать организационные, технологические и технические мероприятия, обеспечивающие стабильность качественных показателей групповой окорки лесоматериалов в окорочных барабанах. Также модель представлена в виде функциональной блок-схемы, основанной на графическом интерфейсе Matlab с приложением Simulink. Используя наборы блоков Simulink, отвечающих за константы, переменные, функции, и вычислительные операции, организован процесс расчета основных параметров объектно-ориентированным ме­тодом. Wood is produced about 20 thousand kinds of products, with about 95% products of the chemical and mechano-chemical processing of wood. Most of these industries as raw material consumes wood chips, which are requirements for the presence of bark, rot and mineral inclusions. Most labor and energy intensive operation of the technological process for the manufacturing of wood chips is the debarking of pulpwood, which in the vast majority of cases, produced by a group of debarking in debarking drums of various designs. The article presents a mathematical model of the process of group debarking wood in debarking drums allows one to assess one of the key parameter group of debarking wood – processing times, which will be minimized wood losses without reducing the quality of the debarking, taking into account the structural elements of the drum, the balance parameters, their properties and temperature. Account the probabilistic nature of such indicators as: debarking, physical and mechanical properties of bark and wood, the distribution of layers of crust at depth, which necessitated the use of mathematical models based on the principles of situational simulation of the transition branch from one state to another. Calculation method and basic parameters of the process allows us to develop organizational, technological and technical measures ensuring the stability of quality indicators of group debarking wood in debarking drums. Also, the model presented in the form of functional block diagrams based on the graphical user interface of Matlab with Simulink application. Using the Simulink block sets of charge constants, variables, functions, and compute the organized process of calculating the basic parameters of the object-oriented method.

IMPACT OF INNOVATIVE METHOD OF PREPARING TOBACCO LEAVES FOR DRYING ON THE BASIC PARAMETERS OF QUALITY OF TOBACCO RAW MATERIAL

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.Е. Ульянченко
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Basic Parameters

Исследовано влияние приема прорезания средней жилки на основные качественные показатели табачного сырья. Исследования проводили на листьях основных сортотипов табака Трапезонд и Остролист по массовым ломкам. Прорезание жилки осуществляли на инновационном оборудовании экспериментальном образце линии подготовки листьев табака к сушке ЛПТС360 (ВНИИТТИ, Краснодар). Качество табачного сырья с прорезанной жилкой определяли по товарным сортам, технологическим и курительным свойствам, химическому составу по методикам лабораторного контроля ВНИИТТИ. Инновационный способ подготовки табака к сушке в едином потоке с применением технологического оборудования, включающего прорезатель, выявил положительный технологический результат. Установлена эффективность приема прорезания средней жилки: срок естественной сушки листьев с прорезанной жилкой сократился в 2,5 раза выход 1го товарного сорта сырья составил 74,60 87,93 выход волокна сырья с прорезанной жилкой превышает минимальное значение технологических норм (75) в 1,15 1,26 раз условный расход сырья на единицу курительных изделий меньше норматива на 6 25 улучшен основной показатель химического состава табачного сырья (число Шмука) в 1,6 4,6 раза у сортотипа Трапезонд, в 1,2 1,5 раза у сортотипа Остролист дегустационные свойства сырья не ухудшились. Инновационный способ подготовки листьев табака к сушке, включающий прием прорезания средней жилки, рекомендуется для применения в производстве табачного сырья. The influence of middle vein cutting method on the main quality indicators of tobacco raw materials is studied. Studies were carried out on the leaves of the main varieties of tobacco Trapezond and Ostrolist, on mass breakdowns. Vein cutting was carried out on the innovative equipment of the line of preparation of tobacco leaves for drying LPTS360 (GNU VNIITTI RAA, Krasnodar). The quality of tobacco raw materials with a cut vein was determined by commercial grades, technological and Smoking properties, chemical composition in accordance with the methods VNIITTI. An innovative method of preparing tobacco for drying in a single stream with the use of technological equipment, including a cutter, revealed a positive technological result. The period of natural drying of leaves with cut veins decreased by 2,5 times. The yield of the 1st commercial grade of raw materials was 74,60 87,93. The output of the fiber raw material with cut vein exceeds the minimum value of technological norms (75) in 1,15 1,26 times. Conditional consumption of raw materials per unit of Smoking products is less than the norm by 6 25. The method of cutting the middle vein of the leaves improves the main indicator in the chemical composition of tobacco raw materials (Schmuck ratio) 1,6 4,6 times in the variety Trapezond and 1,2 1,5 times in the variety Ostrolist. The tasting properties of raw materials have not deteriorated. Analysis of raw material quality indicators showed that the innovative method of cutting the middle vein is effective and recommended for use in the production of tobacco raw materials.

The issue of "oil shrinkage" during the compounding of oils in the processes of production, collection, preparation and transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
O. P. Deryugina ◽  
E. A. Trapeznikov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Main Pipelines ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mixed Oil

The article discusses the issue of industrial compounding, which improves the quality of the raw materials supplied to the main pipelines. Compounding from "to compound" (English) - to mix. When mixing different types of oil obtained, "incompatibility" is possible, which is expressed in the precipitation of a solid sediment and violation of the stability of the colloidal system and due to the differing properties of oils. Attention to this problem is due to the tightening of requirements for the quality of raw materials that must comply with modern standards. The article discusses the causes of the problem of "incompatibility" of oil during compounding and effective ways of solving it, substantiates the need for a preliminary study of the properties of mixed oil in order to identify possible incompatibility of various types of oil. The standard tests for determination of incompatibility indices characterizing the ability of raw materials to mix are considered. The article substantiates the need to develop methods for diagnosing the incompatibility of oils as the most important task of modern chemical science, the solution of which will improve the quality of the raw material obtained and solve many technological problems in the compounding process.

Influence of qualitative and dimensional classification of Pinewood raw material as an efficiency indicator in the production of selected timber assortments

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
MAREK WIERUSZEWSKI ◽  
RADOSŁAW MIRSKI ◽  
JAKUB KAWALERCZYK ◽  
ADRIAN TROCIŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Round Wood ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Technological Processing

Wood processing plants in Poland are recipients of more than 50% of round wood, which is delivered by the State Forests National Forest Holding. Thus playing a crucial role in the technological processing of raw material for all other wood industry branches. Each group of recipients has individual needs and expectations concerning the quality of the raw material such as, its type and the size of the cross-sections of the assortment used for further production. Therefore, it is economically justified for small production plants to abandon the production of narrow groups of assortments, which usually meets the standards of timber for general purposes. The aim is to make wood processing more flexible and lower the quality of raw material to produce assortments for a specific branches of the wood industry. Wood processing experiments were conducted to produce laths for construction purposes. These materials are one of the most important elements of roof constructions. The research proved empirically that it was possible to produce quality class 1 laths (88% of all laths produced) from WC0 class pinewood used as the input raw material and that the quantitative efficiency exceeded 55%.

scholarly journals The parameterization of the demand for machinery as a Dimension-and-Quality function affecting industrial furniture production

2021 ◽  
Vol 338 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Witold Jarecki ◽  
Marek Wieruszewski ◽  
Bartosz Pałubicki ◽  
Krzysztof Wiaderek ◽  
Łukasz Matwiej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Feed Speed ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
The Individual

Machine processing parameters, including the feed speed and the working speeds of tools, are determined by: the minimum demand for material in a specific branch of the furniture industry, the expected quality, as well as the form and type of wood processed. Due to the considerable diversity of physical and mechanical properties of raw wood there are high demands concerning process and machine individualisation in technology planning. Setting the right processing parameters is necessary to make high-quality semi-finished and finished products. In order to increase the precision of machining specialised tool and transport systems need to be used. At the same time, the increase in the required production efficiency is inversely correlated with the individual characteristics of the raw material and the desired indicators of the quality of products. A harmonised level of these parameters is the main assumption in the selection of machine tools and auxiliary devices. The analyses conducted in this study showed that there are numerous variables in methods of selecting machines and devices for raw wood processing. When selecting machining systems, enterprises should use a system of weights to indicate which elements (quality and dimensions or efficiency) are of primary importance for them.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation during Composting of Sewage and Agri-Food Sludge with Pruning Waste

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1954
Author(s):  
José Antonio Sáez ◽  
Pilar Flores ◽  
María Ángeles Bustamante ◽  
Juan C. Sanchez-Hernandez ◽  
Raúl Moral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bulking Agents ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
The Stability

This work studies the changes in δ15N signature during the composting of sewage sludge (MS) and agri-food sludge (AS) with different bulking agents and the potential relationships between the changes in this parameter with both the source of the organic matter used as a raw material and the stability of the end-materials obtained. For this, eleven mixtures were prepared in commercial composting conditions using sewage sludge from municipal wastewater in a range of 60–85% (on a fresh weight basis) or agri-food sludge in a range of 65–75%, mixed with seven different pruning wastes as bulking agents. The thermal profile was monitored throughout the composting processes, and the main physico-chemical and chemical parameters were determined. The results obtained confirmed a correct development of the composting processes, observing slight differences in process evolution depending on the type of sludge used. The composts obtained showed adequate contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) and reached a good degree of maturity. Significant differences in the specific nitrogen isotopic composition were found in the initial materials. Moreover, the results suggest that the type of sludge had a main contribution in the δ15N value of the initial composting mixtures. The use of δ15N is recommended as an indicator of the composting process, especially to evaluate N dynamics, and the quality of the resultant compost.

Interpreting research results for the physical and mechanical properties of wood: An approach not dependent on a juvenile/mature wood boundary

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 6921-6932
Author(s):  
Tomislav Sinković ◽  
Branimir Jambreković ◽  
Tomislav Sedlar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Radial Direction ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
The Difference

The interpretation and presentation of research on the physical and mechanical properties of wood in the radial direction is important for the estimation of technological properties in primary wood processing. It is common practice to define the boundary between the juvenile and mature wood zone of tree growth because of the differences in wood properties in these two zones. The juvenile and mature wood zones can be determined statistically based on the significance of the difference in the properties in a particular zone. This paper presents the insufficiency in the statistical determination of the boundary between juvenile and adult wood. Such limitations detract from the potential value and technological exploitation of wood as raw material. Statistical tests yielded zones that were too wide for the transition of juvenile wood to mature wood. Representations of the distribution of properties in the radial direction also complement the knowledge for assessing the technological properties based on the researched use of the presentation of polynomials of the second degree and the display of the Tukey HSD test in the form of comparison tables. The graphical representations by groups of the tested annual rings of fir wood also help to assess the technological properties.

scholarly journals Fusarium Mycotoxins Stability during the Malting and Brewing Processes

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim C. Piacentini ◽  
Sylvie Běláková ◽  
Karolína Benešová ◽  
Marek Pernica ◽  
Geovana D. Savi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Spent Grains ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Stability

Mycotoxins are widely studied by many research groups in all aspects, but the stability of these compounds needs further research for clarification. The objective of this study is to evaluate deoxynivalenol and zearalenone stability during all steps of the malting and brewing processes. The levels of these compounds decreased significantly during the production process (barley to beer). During the malting process, the DON levels decreased significantly in the steeping, germination, and malting steps (62%, 51.5%, and 68%, respectively). Considering ZEN, when the levels were compared between barley and the last step of the process, a significant decrease was observed. Most of the mycotoxins produced were transferred to the rootlets and spent grains, which is advantageous considering the final product. Furthermore, the mycotoxin dietary intake estimation was included in this study. The results proved that if the concentrations of target mycotoxins in raw material are under the limits established by the regulations, the levels decrease during the malting and brewing processes and make the beer secure for consumers. The quality of the five commodities involved in the beer process plays a decisive role in the creation of a safe final product.

scholarly journals The Usefulness of Pine Timber (Pinus sylvestris L.) for the Production of Structural Elements. Part I: Evaluation of the Quality of the Pine Timber in the Bending Test

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosław Mirski ◽  
Dorota Dziurka ◽  
Monika Chuda-Kowalska ◽  
Marek Wieruszewski ◽  
Jakub Kawalerczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Forest Division ◽  
Pine Lumber ◽  
Round Cross

The study assessed the quality of pine lumber by marking the modulus of elasticity in the horizontal system. The research material was a plank with the following dimensions: 137 mm wide × 39.50 mm thick × 3485 mm long. The pine wood was obtained by sawing timber in the form of logs with round cross sections and originating from the Forest Division Olesno (50°52′30″ N, 18°25′00″ E). Each long log was sawn to provide four logs of about 3.5 m, which were marked as butt-end logs (O), middle logs (S)—2 items, and top logs (W). The origin of the logs from the trunk (Pinus sylvestris L.) has a significant impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the wood from which they are made. Only butt-end logs (log type O) allows for the production of high-quality timber elements. The pine timber that was evaluated in this paper had a high density of about 570 kg/m3 and a high percentage of timber items were assigned to class C24 and higher (above 50%). The adopted horizontal model of evaluation of the modulus of elasticity gave similar results to those obtained in an evaluation according to the EN-408.

scholarly journals Quality of Pinus sp. pellets with kraft lignin and starch addition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Gabriella Surdi de Castro ◽  
Humberto Fauller de Siqueira ◽  
Vinícius Resende de Castro ◽  
Antônio José Vinha Zanuncio ◽  
José Cola Zanuncio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Structural Fragility ◽  
Renewable Raw Material

AbstractPellets are widely used for power generation because they use renewable raw material with easy storage, transport and high energy density. However, the structural fragility, disintegrating during handling, transport and storage, is one of the main problems of pellets, but the addition of binders/additives can minimize this fragility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of wood pellets with the addition of starch (corn and wheat) and kraft lignin in different proportions. Pellets were produced with the addition of starch (wheat and corn) and kraft lignin in the proportions of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% in relation to the mass of wood particles of Pinus sp., with 12% moisture (dry basis), classified in 3 and 1 mm sieves and compacted in a pelleting press in the laboratory, according to European standard EN 14961-2. Physical and mechanical properties of the pellets were evaluated and their densitometric profiles obtained from the Faxitron LX-60 X-ray equipment. Corn starch and kraft lignin additives at 4% improved pellet properties (density, fines and hardness), reducing their losses during handling, storage and transport.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Serpihan Kayu terhadap Kualitas Kompos Sampah Organik Sejenis dalam Komposter Rumah Tangga

Jurnal Dampak ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Yenni Ruslinda ◽  
Rizki Aziz ◽  
Lutfina Lutfina
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Yard Waste ◽  
Compost Quality ◽  
The Impact

One way to improve compost quality of typical organic waste is by addition of additive such as wood chips. This study aims to analyze the impact of the wood chips addition (ratio 1:10) on compost quality of typical organic waste (fruits, vegetables, yard waste, and food waste) in home composter, and to compare the compost quality with the standard of domestic compost according SNI 19-7030-2004. Analysis was conducted on composts raw material, compost maturity process in every 5 days measurement, and on compost product. Analysis of compost product of typical organic waste with addition of wood chips showed that parameters of temperature, moisture content, and pH of vegetables and yard waste has complied the standard whilst parameter of C/N ratio has not complied. The addition of wood chips caused the drop of compost temperature and moisture content, resulted in the decomposition process located in aerobic condition, resulted in production of compost in form of humus in greater volume. The addition of wood chips also caused the compost pH and C/N ratio increased.Keywords: compost quality, home composter, typical organic waste, wood chipsAbstrakSalah satu upaya untuk memperbaiki kualitas kompos sampah organik adalah dengan penambahan bahan aditif, seperti serpihan kayu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan serpihan kayu (perbandingan 1:10) terhadap kualitas kompos sampah organik sejenis (buahan, sayuran, halaman dan sisa makanan) dalam komposter rumah tangga dan membandingkan kualitas akhir kompos ini dengan kualitas kompos sampah domestik menurut SNI 19-7030-2004. Analisis dilakukan terhadap bahan dasar kompos, proses kematangan dengan pengukuran setiap lima hari sekali, dan kualitas akhir kompos. Dari analisis akhir kualitas kompos sampah organik sejenis dengan penambahan serpihan kayu, parameter yang telah memenuhi standar adalah temperatur, kelembapan, pH untuk sampah sayuran dan sampah halaman, sedangkan untuk parameter rasio C/N belum memenuhi standar. Penambahan serpihan kayu menyebabkan temperatur dan kelembaban kompos menurun, sehingga proses dekomposisi berada pada suasana aerobik, yang menghasilkan kompos dalam bentuk humus dengan volume yang lebih banyak. Penambahan serpihan kayu juga meningkatkan pH dan rasio C/N kompos. Kata kunci: komposter rumah tangga, kualitas kompos, sampah organik sejenis, serpihan kayu

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document