Application of information on road occurrences for the assessment of the social risk of some types of accidents (Zastosowanie informacji o zdarzeniach drogowych do oceny ryzyka społecznego wypadków)

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Anna Borucka ◽  
Małgorzata Grzelak ◽  
Andrzej Świderski ◽  
Arkadiusz Jóźwiak
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Traffic Incidents ◽  
The Social

Every year, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, around 2 600 road accidents occur, resulting in about 140 death casualties and a further 3200 injuries. For many years there has been a noticeable decrease in the number of traffic incidents in the study area, but the number of fatalities is still high. Therefore, it is crucial to research to determine the causes of the above phenomenon continually. The article aimed to assess the social risk of road accidents based on a two-factor model. Traffic events occurring in built-up and undeveloped areas, depending on the date of their occurrence, were analyzed. The number of accidents and participating vehicles related to the average daily traffic volume was adopted as the measure. The analysis showed that regardless of the area, most events occur on Fridays. Besides, the highest volume of traffic is also recorded on these days of the week. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that March and April are the months with the highest social risk regarding road accidents, both in urban and extra-urban areas. Finally, the relative risk of road accidents in built-up and undeveloped areas was compared. On this basis, it was found that the risk of participation in a road accident in the urban zone is over six times greater than the risk of an event occurring in the extra-urban area (even though urban roads represent only 22% of all road infrastructure in the Pomeranian Voivodeship). Każdego roku na terenie województwa pomorskiego rocznie dochodzi do około 2600 wy-padków drogowych w wyniku, których śmierć ponosi ok 140 osób a kolejnych 3 200 zosta-je rannych. Od wielu lat zauważalny jest spadek liczby zdarzeń komunikacyjnych na bada-nym obszarze, niemniej jednak liczba ofiar śmiertelnych wciąż jest na wysokim poziomie. Dlatego ważnym jest ciągłe pro-wadzenie badań mających na celu ustalenie przyczyn po-wyższego zjawiska. Celem artykułu była ocena ryzyka społecznego powstawania wypadków drogowych przeprowadzona w oparciu o model dwuczynnikowy. Analizie poddano zdarze-nia komunikacyjne mające miejsce na terenie zabudowanym i niezabudowanym w zależ-ności od daty ich powstania. Za miarę przyjęto liczbę wypadków oraz pojazdów w nich uczestniczących w odniesieniu do średniodobowego natężenia ruchu na drogach. Analiza wykazała, że niezależnie od obszaru, najwięcej zdarzeń ma miejsce w piątki. Ponadto, w te dni tygodnia odnotowuje się również największe natężenie ruchu. W wyniku przeprowa-dzonych badań stwierdzono, że marzec i kwiecień są miesiącami o największym ryzyku społecznym dotyczą-cym wypadków drogowych, zarówno w obszarze miejskim i pozamiejskim. Ostatecznie dokonano porównania ryzyka względnego powstawania wy-padków drogowych w terenie zabudowanym i nie-zabudowanym. Na tej podstawie stwier-dzono, że ryzyko uczestnictwa w wypadku drogowym w strefie miejskiej jest przeszło sze-ściokrotnie większe od ryzyka powstania zdarzenia w strefie pozamiejskiej (pomimo, że drogi miejskie stanowią wyłącznie 22% całej infrastruktury drogowej na terenie wojewódz-twa pomorskiego).

scholarly journals Uncovering the behaviour of road accidents in urban areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 191739
Author(s):  
C. Cabrera-Arnau ◽  
R. Prieto Curiel ◽  
S. R. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Degrees Of Severity

Different patterns in the incidence of road accidents are revealed when considering areas with increased levels of urbanization. To understand these patterns, road accident data from England and Wales is explored. In particular, the data are used to (i) generate time series for comparison of the incidence of road accidents in urban as opposed to rural areas, (ii) analyse the relationship between the number of road accidents and the population size of a set of urban areas, and (iii) model the likelihood of suffering an accident in an urban area and its dependence with population size. It is observed that minor and serious accidents are more frequent in urban areas, whereas fatal accidents are more likely in rural areas. It is also shown that, generally, the number of accidents in an urban area depends on population size superlinearly, with this superlinear behaviour becoming stronger for lower degrees of severity. Finally, given an accident in an urban area, the probability that the accident is fatal or serious decreases with population size and the probability that it is minor, increases sublinearly. These findings promote the question as to why such behaviours exist, the answer to which will lead to more sustainable urban policies.

scholarly journals Road Traffic Accidents by 'Nasimon' and 'Karimon'-A Study in Faridpur

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
ASMJ Chowdhury ◽  
MS Alam ◽  
SK Biswas ◽  
RK Saha ◽  
AR Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College

Road traffic accidents in Bangladesh have been rapidly increasing with huge mortality through road accidents each year. There are many causes of road accidents in recent years; one important cause is running of locally made improvised three wheelers (flat bed tricycle) in the urban areas and also on the highways, popularly known as 'Nasimon' and 'Karimon'. This prospective study was carried out in Faridpur Medical College Hospital from January through June 2011, to study the accident patients caused by 'Nasimon' and 'Karimon'. Fifty six (12%) patients were of RTA by 'Nasimon' and 'Karimon' out of a total of 468 patients admitted into our hospital during this period. Most patients (41, 73.21%) were male, highest accidents (24, 42.86%) were observed among 21-30 years age group and most victims (33, 58.93%) were belonged to low socioeconomic status. Commonest (31, 55.36%) victims were passengers of 'Nasimon' and 'Karimon' while maximum number of accidents (46, 82.14%) took place in the urban areas and on the highways. Injury pattern of victims were similar to that found in any other road accident patients. These three wheelers 'Nasimon' and 'Karimon' are run in violating of Bangladesh Motor Vehicles Act (1983) as they are totally unfit for plying on the highways. Strict surveillance against these illegal and risky vehicles on the highways and in the urban areas by law enforcing agencies is required as a measure to reduce the burden of road accidents in our country.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i1.10289Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(1): 06-09

Road Safety Model: Some Fundamental Ideas

1996 ◽  
Vol 1563 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis P. D. Navin ◽  
Arthur Bergan ◽  
Guanyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Fundamental Relationship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Accident Statistics

A fundamental relationship has been developed that explains road accident statistics in developed and developing countries. The model uses two variables, traffic hazard measured as deaths per vehicle and motorization measured as vehicles per person, to estimate personal hazard as deaths per person. Special cases of the model are those by Smeed, Trinca et al., and Koornstra. The model of fatalities has two extremes. Early motorization has high traffic hazard and personal safety is low and increasing. Full motorization is characterized by a moderate and falling traffic hazard and a low and decreasing personal safety. Between these extremes, there is a maximum number of fatalities per population. Models for personal injury and total road accidents in developed countries appear to follow a similar trend. Available world data fit the proposed relationships well. The models allow planners and engineers to estimate the future maximum road fatalities for developing countries. The model has been extended to incorporate an automobile ownership model that explains some of the growth in motorization. A traffic hazard model is also outlined, in part on the basis of the ideas developed by Koornstra. The extended models should allow a more detailed analysis of some of the social and engineering factors that contribute to road safety.

scholarly journals MIGRATIONS, POWER AND URBAN SPACES IN SICILIJA THROUGH AN ETHNOGRAPHIC CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Daria Settineri
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Extra State

In this article, the author, based on concrete factual material, explores the specifics of modern migration processes considered within an urban area localized in Palermo (Sicily). In the context of this complex heterotopic space, resorting to the conceptual apparatus of M. Foucault, this kind of rhizome, if we operate with the concepts of J. Deleuze and F.Guattari, the author analyzes the actions of various actors of power – local and transnational – which dominate in this closed socio-urban environment, outlined by the framework of certain city blocks, – formal and informal, institutionalized and not, state and extra-state, legal and illegal, political, social, ecclesiastical, economic, criminal, the objects of projection and manifestation of which are migrants (primarily illegal) concentrated in these urban areas, who coexist there with the local population. The author also studies reactions of “newcomers” to the factors that affect them, including their ways of understanding and familiarizing with of their new place of residence as a micro- and the macrocosm, in all the diversity and complexity of the social connections that permeate this habitat and the factors that affect it.

Improving the system of road safety indicators in the analysis of the quality of motor vehicle transportation

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
O. V. Mayboroda ◽  
◽  
B. A. Sarymsakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Safety Coefficient ◽  
The Road ◽  
Probability Of Death

The article presents the results of the development of an integral indicator of road safety - the road safety coefficient. The value of the road safety coefficient shows how many times, at the same levels of motorization, the risk of death of a resident in road traffic (social risk) decreased/increased in comparison with the average social risk that existed in the world in the 40s of the last century, when there were no special programs on improving road safety. The use of the road safety coefficient allows you to compare the level of road safety in countries and regions with different populations and different levels of motorization. It is shown that social risk is a complex indicator, the value of which depends on the indicators of road safety at a lower level - the probability of participation of a resident in road traffic, which is equal to the value of motorization, the probability of death of a road user (transport risk), the probability of a road accident (active road safety), the intensity of road accidents (reliability of driving) and the average annual mileage of the car, the probability of death in a road accident (passive and post-accident safety). An equation is obtained that relates the value of social risk to the values of lower-level road safety indicators. The analysis of the level of road safety in Kyrgyzstan is carried out. It is shown how the condition of the traffic flow affects its average speed and the probability of road accidents. The influence of traffic flow density on its average speed and intensity of road accidents is considered. To assess the impact of the condition of a traffic flow on its average speed and road safety, the concept of the conventional density of a traffic flow is used. It is revealed that in the road conditions of Kyrgyzstan there is a critical conventional density, when exceeding it the transport risk, the probability of a road accident and the probability of death in a road accident begin to decrease rapidly with a further increase in the conventional density. The low efficiency of detection of exceeding a permitted speed when measuring the maximum speed of cars at certain points is shown. It is proposed to use the measurement of average speed on certain road sections as a means of reducing the number of drivers exceeding the speed limit.

scholarly journals Med Wacquant i det ghettopolitiske felt

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troels Schultz Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Do So

De seneste års intensive brug af ordet ”ghetto” i den offentlige og politiske debat stiller det centrale spørgsmål: Giver det sociologisk set mening at anvende begrebet ”ghetto” i en dansk sammenhæng? Med udgangspunkt i en introduktion til den fransk-amerikanske sociolog Loïc Wacquants model for sociospatialle afsondringsprocesser, fokuserer artiklen på de konkrete karakteristika, der kendertegner de omdiskuterede danske boligområder i dag, og på i hvilken grad disse er sammenfaldende med de amerikanske ghettoer, som Wacquant definerer dem. Konkret anvendes Wacquants model som afsæt for en sammenligning af 35 forsømte boligområders karakteristika ved hjælp af en multipel korrespondanceanalyse baseret på 18 variable. Analysen bruges til at skitsere, hvad der mere overordnet karakteriserer de danske forsømte boligområder. På denne baggrund konkluderes det, at til trods for at de amerikanske ghettoer og de danske forsømte boligområder indtager samme position i det (bolig)sociale hierarki og dermed kan betegnes som homologe, er de historisk, socialt, politisk og strukturelt betinget af væsentligt forskellige årsager. Som erstatning for ”ghetto”-begrebet anføres i stedet begrebet ”de forsømte boligområder”, der i højere grad henviser til de planlægningsmæssige og politiske processer, der historisk har ført til koncentrationen af beboere med få ressourcer i specifikke dele af den almennyttige boligsektor. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Troels Schultz Larsen: Taking Wacquant into the Dilapidated Urban Area The recent intense use of the word ghetto in Danish debates raises the question of to what extent it is a proper description of contemporary Danish social reality. Employing the French-American sociologist Loïc Wacquant’s model of socio-spatial seclusion, the article focus on the specific factors that characterize the ”dilapidated” urban areas in Denmark today and the extent to which these coincide with the American ghettos as Wacquant defines them. Wacquant’s model is used to compare 35 ”dilapidated” Danish urban areas using a multiple correspondence analysis based on 18 variables. This analytical comparison is then used to delineate what characterizes Danish ”dilapidated” urban areas. Despite the fact that the American ghettos and the Danish “dilapidated” urban areas occupy homological positions in the social hierarchy, they do so for different historical, social, political and structural reasons. The article presents the Danish concept of ”forsømt” (dilapidated) urban area as a better description of contemporary Danish social reality because it stresses the path dependency of the planning and the political processes that have historically led to the concentration of residents with low resources in specific parts of the social housing sector.

The Status of Livelihood Vulnerability and Its CopingCapacities of Urban Squatters in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal

Patan Pragya ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Chhabi Ram Baral
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
The Status

Urban poverty is one of multidimensional issue in Nepal. Increasing immigration from the outer parts of Kathmandu due to rural poverty, unemployment and weak security of the lives and the properties are core causes pushing people into urban areas. In this context how squatter urban area people sustain their livelihoods is major concern. The objectives of the study are to find out livelihood assets and capacities squatters coping with their livelihood vulnerability in adverse situation. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are applied for data collection. It is found that squatters social security is weak, victimized by severe health problems earning is not regular with lack of physical facilities and overall livelihood is critical. This study helps to understand what the changes that have occurred in livelihood patterns and how poor people survive in urban area.

PENGARUH PERUBAHAN JUMLAH PENDUDUK TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
Nur Afiyah Maizunati ◽  
Mohamad Zaenal Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Social

Ongoing population growth and urbanization can cause pressure on water systems, especially in urban areas. Several previous studies have found evidence of an influence between population and water quality. However, the phenomenon in Indonesia is slightly different, because although population growth has decreased trend, but the acquisition of water quality index still fluctuate in several years. This study aims to determine the significance influence of population on water quality in Indonesia. Data analysis is done through regression of panel data of 33 provinces with fixed effect model, The results showed that the population has a negative influence on water quality in Indonesia. An increase on population by 1,000 people tends to lower the water quality index by an average of 1.13 points (cateris paribus). Population growth control becomes absolute and priority in Indonesia. However, these efforts need to be accompanied by continuous improvement of competence and welfare, so that the social awareness and economic capacity of each population are increased in order to achieve a better maintenance on the quality of the environment.

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