The intestinal microbiota in psoriasis

Microbiota is a kind of ecosystem inhabiting some organs, supporting their proper functioning, but also having a significant impact on the development of the immune system. The largest reservoir of microbiota is the digestive tract, where the largest number of lymphocytes is also present. Literature gradually increases the number of studies assessing the relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and the development of various parenteral diseases. This article presents the latest data from the medical literature regarding intestinal microbiota and barrier in patients with psoriasis. In the cited studies, a quantitative advantage of Firmicutes phylum over Bacteroidetes phylum and a smaller colonization of Actinobacteria phylum has been demonstrated. In terms of the species, colonization of bacteria Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphilia was reduced, and Escherichia coli increased. Regarding the participation of individual taxonomic units, the results in the cited studies are partly different. However, all revealed significant differences between the intestinal microbiota of patients with psoriasis and a healthy population, which suggests the importance of intestinal dysbiosis in the development of this disease. It seems more important that what leads to disturbances in the metabolic balance is not so much the quantity of individual taxonomic units as their disproportions. In some studies, the deviations in microbiota correlated with the level of metabolites and indicators of inflammation. Moreover, some studies revealed a significantly higher incidence of Candida in the oral cavity as well as in the stool samples of patients with psoriasis. There are also reports in the literature in which the occurrence of intestinal inflammation and the impairment of the intestinal barrier in patients with psoriasis have been demonstrated. These observations indicate interrelations between psoriasis and intestinal disorders as well as the involvement of dysbiosis in both associations and the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

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Improvement of intestinal flora: accompany with the antihypertensive effect of electroacupuncture on stage 1 hypertension

Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1186/s13020-020-00417-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jun-meng Wang ◽

Ming-xiao Yang ◽

Qiao-feng Wu ◽

Ji Chen ◽

Shu-fang Deng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Antihypertensive Effect ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Healthy Group ◽

Oscillometric Device ◽

Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽

Stage 1 ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Increasing evidence have indicated the relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and hypertension. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the electroacupuncture (EA) on intestinal microbiota in patients with stage 1 hypertension. Methods 93 hypertensive patients and 15 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Applying a highly accurate oscillometric device to evaluate the antihypertensive effect of EA. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to profile stool microbial communities from Healthy group, Before treatment (BT) group and After treatment (AT) group, and various multivariate analysis approaches were used to assess diversity, composition and abundance of intestinal microbiota. Results In this study, EA significantly decreased the blood pressure (BP) of hypertensive patients. Higher abundance of Firmicutes and lower Bacteroidetes abundance were observed in the BT group compared to the Healthy group. And EA treatment significantly decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared to the BT group. Moreover, at the genus level, there was an increased abundance of Escherichia-Shigella in patients with hypertension, while Blautia were decreased, and EA reversed these changes. Conclusions Our study indicates that EA can effectively lower BP and improve the structure of intestinal microbiota which are correlate with the alteration of blood pressure by electroacupuncture. Trial registration: Clinicaltrial.gov, NCT01701726. Registered 5 October 2012, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT01701726

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Intestinal microbiota: its role in pathogenesis of arterial hypertension

Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) ◽

10.18821/0023-2149-2017-95-2-123-126 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 123-126

Author(s):

K. A. Aitbaev ◽

Ilkham Torobekovich Murkamilov

Keyword(s):

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Dietary Strategies ◽

The Relationship

The review presents data on the relationship of intestinal microbiota and the development of arterial hypertension. Mechanisms through which intestinal dysbiosis may contribute to the development of this disease are reviewed. Results of studies on modulation of intestinal microbiota in patients with arterial hypertension with the use of probiotics and antibiotics are presented. It is concluded that the development of innovative dietary strategies ensuring restoration of the balance in the intestinal microbiota will allow to effectively control and treat arterial hypertension.

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The Role of Gut Microbiota in Intestinal Inflammation with Respect to Diet and Extrinsic Stressors

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms7080271 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 271 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Stefani Lobionda ◽

Panida Sittipo ◽

Hyog Young Kwon ◽

Yun Kyung Lee

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Environmental Stressors ◽

Intestinal Barrier Function ◽

Symbiotic Relationship ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Host Metabolism ◽

The Relationship

The gut microbiota maintains a symbiotic relationship with the host and regulates several important functions including host metabolism, immunity, and intestinal barrier function. Intestinal inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are commonly associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Alterations in the gut microbiota and associated changes in metabolites as well as disruptions in the intestinal barrier are evidence of the relationship between the gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation. Recent studies have found that many factors may alter the gut microbiota, with the effects of diet being commonly-studied. Extrinsic stressors, including environmental stressors, antibiotic exposure, sleep disturbance, physical activity, and psychological stress, may also play important roles in altering the composition of the gut microbiota. Herein, we discuss the roles of the gut microbiota in intestinal inflammation in relation to diet and other extrinsic stressors.

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Intestinal Microbiota Protects against MCD Diet-Induced Steatohepatitis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20020308 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 308 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kai Schneider ◽

Antje Mohs ◽

Konrad Kilic ◽

Lena Candels ◽

Carsten Elfers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Neutrophil Infiltration ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Commensal Microbiota ◽

Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽

Physiological Relevance

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in western countries, with a continuously rising incidence. Gut-liver communication and microbiota composition have been identified as critical drivers of the NAFLD progression. Hence, it has been shown that microbiota depletion can ameliorate high-fat diet or western-diet induced experimental Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, its functional implications in the methionine-choline dietary model, remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the physiological relevance of gut microbiota in methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet induced NASH. Experimental liver disease was induced by 8 weeks of MCD feeding in wild-type (WT) mice, either with or without commensal microbiota depletion, by continuous broad-spectrum antibiotic (AB) treatment. MCD diet induced steatohepatitis was accompanied by a reduced gut microbiota diversity, indicating intestinal dysbiosis. MCD treatment prompted macroscopic shortening of the intestine, as well as intestinal villi in histology. However, gut microbiota composition of MCD-treated mice, neither resembled human NASH, nor did it augment the intestinal barrier integrity or intestinal inflammation. In the MCD model, AB treatment resulted in increased steatohepatitis activity, compared to microbiota proficient control mice. This phenotype was driven by pronounced neutrophil infiltration, while AB treatment only slightly increased monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMF) abundance. Our data demonstrated the differential role of gut microbiota, during steatohepatitis development. In the context of MCD induced steatohepatitis, commensal microbiota was found to be hepatoprotective.

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Intestinal barrier breakdown and mucosal microbiota disturbance in neuromyelitis optical spectrum disorder

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22503/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chunping Cui ◽

Sha Tan ◽

Li Tao ◽

Junli Gong ◽

Yanyu Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Water Channel ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽

Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽

Barrier Breakdown ◽

Junction Proteins

Abstract Background and purpose The mechanism underlying the pathology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remains unclear even though increased expression of the water channel protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4) on astrocytes plays an important role. Our previous study revealed that dysbiosis was detected in the faecal microbiota of NMOSD patients. In this study, we further investigated whether the intestinal barrier and mucosal flora balance were also interrupted in NMOSD patients. Methods Sigmoid mucosal biopsies were collected via endoscopy from six patients with NMOSD and compared with those from three patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and five healthy controls (HCs). These samples were processed for electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry to investigate changes in ultrastructure and in the number and size of intestinal inflammatory cells. Changes in mucosal flora were also analysed by high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results The intercellular space between epithelia of the colonic mucosa became wider in MS and NMOSD patients compared to the HCs (P < 0.01), and the expression of tight junction proteins in MS and NMOSD patients significantly decreased compared to that in the HCs. Activation of microphages with many inclusions inside the cytoplasm and enlarged plasmocytes with more particles were found in the NMOSD group. Quantitative analysis showed that the percentage of small-size CD 38 + and CD138 + cells was lower but that of larger-size cells became higher in NMOSD patients, and 16S data showed that the abundance of Streptococcus and Granulicatella was dramatically increased in NMOSD patients. Conclusions NMOSD patients exhibited a disrupted intestinal barrier and intestinal dysbiosis and activation of intestinal inflammation, which suggested a potential pathophysiological mechanism of NMOSD underlying intestinal inflammation.

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Intestinal microbiota to predict risk for immune-related diarrhea in patients with lung cancer patients.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2018.36.5_suppl.132 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (5_suppl) ◽

pp. 132-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tian Liu ◽

Yi Hu

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Vital Role ◽

Lung Cancer Patients ◽

Programmed Cell Death 1 ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Effective Option ◽

Bacteroidetes Phylum ◽

The Relationship

132 Background: Anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, which enhance cellular immunity via blockade of PD-1, represent an effective option for the treatment of lung cancer and have shown some impressive efficacy. However, the inhibitors can also result in immune-related adverse events, such as immune-related diarrhea. Researches have shown that intestinal microbiota plays a vital role in gastrointestinal dysregulation. Whereas, the relationship between PD-1 inhibitors and immune-related diarrhea is still elusive. In our study, we aim to identify the correlation of intestinal microbiota and immune-related diarrhea, and hope to find specific bacteria as potential biomarkers of immune-related diarrhea. Methods: Twenty-six lung cancer patients who were treated with PD-1 inhibitors from 301 hospital were enrolled for retrospective analysis. And the fecal samples were obtained from patients before the first dose of PD-1 inhibitor. Based on whether they develop diarrhea or not, the patients were subgroup into progressed to diarrhea(PtD) group and diarrhea-free(D-F) group. Immune-related diarrhea was graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC, version 4.0). And 16S rRNA sequencing was used to profile fecal bacterial composition. Results: There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics, such as microbial richness between PtD group and D-F group (P > 0.05). However, At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes were richer in D-F group, while Firmicutes were poorer, than that in PtD group. At the genus level, two families of the Bacteroidetes phylum ( Bacteroides and Parabacteroides) and a family of the Firmicutes phylum (Phascolarctobacterium) were more abundant in D-F group. Veillonella from Proteobacteria phylum was lower in D-F group than that in PtD group (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our study indicates that microbiota variation probably participates in the onset of immune-related diarrhea. Identifying these biomarkers may help us to diagnose the side effect earlier, and provides a novel treatment for immune-related diarrhea due to PD-1 inhibitors.

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Anethole Attenuates Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Induced Intestinal Barrier Disruption and Intestinal Inflammation via Modification of TLR Signaling and Intestinal Microbiota

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.647242 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Qingyuan Yi ◽

Jiaxin Liu ◽

Yufeng Zhang ◽

Hanzhen Qiao ◽

Fang Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Barrier Function ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Intestinal Barrier Function ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Tnf Α

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary anethole supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal barrier function, inflammatory response, and intestinal microbiota of piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. Thirty-six weaned piglets (24 ± 1 days old) were randomly allocated into four treatment groups: (1) sham challenge (CON); (2) Escherichia coli K88 challenge (ETEC); (3) Escherichia coli K88 challenge + antibiotics (ATB); and (4) Escherichia coli K88 challenge + anethole (AN). On day 12, the piglets in the ETEC, ATB, and AN group were challenged with 10 mL E. coli K88 (5 × 109 CFU/mL), whereas the piglets in the CON group were orally injected with 10 mL nutrient broth. On day 19, all the piglets were euthanized for sample collection. The results showed that the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was increased in the Escherichia coli K88-challenged piglets, which was reversed by the administration of antibiotics or anethole (P < 0.05). The duodenum and jejunum of the piglets in ETEC group exhibited greater villous atrophy and intestinal morphology disruption than those of the piglets in CON, ATB, and AN groups (P < 0.05). Administration of anethole protected intestinal barrier function and upregulated mucosal layer (mRNA expression of mucin-1 in the jejunum) and tight junction proteins (protein abundance of ZO-1 and Claudin-1 in the ileum) of the piglets challenged with Escherichia coli K88 (P < 0.05). In addition, administration of antibiotics or anethole numerically reduced the plasma concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α (P < 0.1) and decreased the mRNA expression of TLR5, TLR9, MyD88, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in the jejunum of the piglets after challenge with Escherichia coli K88 (P < 0.05). Dietary anethole supplementation enriched the abundance of beneficial flora in the intestines of the piglets. In summary, anethole can improve the growth performance of weaned piglets infected by ETEC through attenuating intestinal barrier disruption and intestinal inflammation.

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Algal Oil Rich in n-3 PUFA Alleviates DSS-Induced Colitis via Regulation of Gut Microbiota and Restoration of Intestinal Barrier

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2020.615404 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Zhenxia Xu ◽

Hu Tang ◽

Fenghong Huang ◽

Zhixian Qiao ◽

Xu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tight Junction ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Neutrophil Infiltration ◽

Tight Junction Proteins ◽

Mice Model ◽

Colonic Inflammation ◽

Algal Oil ◽

Junction Proteins

Algal oil is rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and has various health benefits against human metabolic disorders and disease. This study aimed to investigate the effects of DHA algal oil on colonic inflammation and intestinal microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice model. Male C57BL/6 mice was induced colitis by 2.5% DSS and followed by 2 weeks of treatment with algal oil (250 or 500 mg/kg/day). The colonic inflammation was assessed by colon macroscopic damage scores, and the degree of neutrophil infiltration was evaluated by measuring tissue-associated myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in colonic mucosa. Tight junction proteins in the colonic tissue were measured by real-time PCR and western blot. Moreover, the intestinal microbiota and shot chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were estimated by bioinformatic analysis and GC, respectively. Colonic damage due to DSS treatment was significantly ameliorated by algal oil supplementation. In addition, algal oil significantly inhibited the increases of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, MPO activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines level and tight junction proteins expression in DSS-treated mice. Furthermore, supplementation of algal oil modulated the intestinal microbiota structure in DSS induced colitis mice by increasing the proportion of the unidentified_S24_7 and decreasing the relative abundance of unidentified_Ruminococcaceae, Clostridium and Roseburia. On the analysis of SCFAs, the caecal content of acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, buturic, and the total SCFAs showed a significant increase in algal oil-administered mice. Together, these results suggested that algal oil rich in DHA inhibited the progress of DSS-induced colitis in mice by modulating the intestinal microbiota and metabolites and repairing the intestinal barrier, which may be applied in the development of therapeutics for intestinal inflammation.

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The autistic spectrum disorder and its relation to intestinal dysbiosis

10.5327/1516-3180.283 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fábio Dias Nogueira ◽

Ana Klara Rodrigues Alves ◽

Barbara Beatriz Lira da Silva ◽

Ana Kamila Rodrigues Alves ◽

Marlilia Moura Coelho Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Autistic Spectrum ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by a neurodevelopmental disorder, in which the child has persistent deficits in verbal and / or non-verbal communication, social interaction and behavior. One of the factors related to the cause of ASD are nutritional aspects, such as intestinal dysbiosis. Objective: To analyze the relationship between imbalance in the intestinal microbiota and the pathophysiological characteristics of ASD. Methodology: This is a systematic review, carried out in the Pubmed, SciELO databases, in order to answer the question: what is the relationship between intestinal microbiota imbalance and ASD? 139 articles were found, of which 12 were selected, through the simultaneous crossing between the descriptors “Autistic Disorder”, “Dysbiosis”. Articles written in Portuguese and English published from 2016 to 2021 were inserted. Results/Discussion: Most children with ASD exhibit gastrointestinal symptoms, such as constipation and diarrhea, and greater intestinal permeability, with major differences in the composition of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Patients with ASD have a lower microbiota diversity in the GIT. However, it is not possible to identify the origin of this change, since children with ASD often have changes in diet and eating behavior, which could alter the microbiota. Conclusion: It is still complex to understand what are the main causes of ASD. The gut-brain axis is an important associated factor both in the etiology and in the clinical manifestations of ASD. The use of diets, together with the modulation of the microbiota, by the use of probiotics and specific antibiotics, are possibilities for promising therapy.

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The Relationship between the Infant Gut Microbiota and Allergy. The Role of Bifidobacterium breve and Prebiotic Oligosaccharides in the Activation of Anti-Allergic Mechanisms in Early Life

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12040946 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 946 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bożena Cukrowska ◽

Joanna B. Bierła ◽

Magdalena Zakrzewska ◽

Mark Klukowski ◽

Elżbieta Maciorkowska

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Bifidobacterium Breve ◽

Breastfed Infants ◽

Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽

Prebiotic Oligosaccharides ◽

The Relationship ◽

Type Of Delivery ◽

Allergy Prevalence

The increase in allergy prevalence observed in recent decades may be a consequence of early intestinal dysbiosis. The intestinal microbiota is formed in the first 1000 days of life, when it is particularly sensitive to various factors, such as the composition of the mother’s microbiota, type of delivery, infant’s diet, number of siblings, contact with animals, and antibiotic therapy. Breastfeeding and vaginal birth favorably affect the formation of an infant’s intestinal microbiota and protect against allergy development. The intestinal microbiota of these infants is characterized by an early dominance of Bifidobacterium, which may have a significant impact on the development of immune tolerance. Bifidobacterium breve is a species commonly isolated from the intestines of healthy breastfed infants and from human milk. This review outlines the most important environmental factors affecting microbiota formation and the importance of Bifidobacterium species (with a particular emphasis on Bifidobacterium breve) in microbiota modulation towards anti-allergic processes. In addition, we present the concept, which assumes that infant formulas containing specific probiotic Bifidobacterium breve strains and prebiotic oligosaccharides may be useful in allergy management in non-breastfed infants.

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