scholarly journals Virulence mechanisms used in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 247-259
Author(s):  
Michał Śmiga ◽  
Paulina Ślęzak ◽  
Klaudia Siemińska ◽  
Teresa Olczak
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Two Component System ◽  
Fur Protein ◽  
Etiological Agents

Periodontal diseases are characterized by progressive inflammation that destroys the tooth-supporting tissues, leading to gum bleeding and tooth loss. Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered one of the main etiological agents responsible for the initiation and progression of chronic periodontitis. This gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium is a part of a multi-species oral biofilm. P. gingivalis does not have the full pathway of protoporphyrin IX synthesis, nor does it produce siderophores. Therefore, for survival and proliferation, it requires heme as a source of iron and protoporphyrin IX. In order to obtain heme, P. gingivalis uses a number of mechanisms that affect the ability of this bacterium to initiate a pathological condition. This review presents the current knowledge regarding the best-known and characterized systems involved in heme acquisition by P. gingivalis. We focused on processes occurring in the initial states of infection, where gingipain, hemagglutinins, and hemolysins play a crucial role. The mechanisms encoded by hmu, iht and hus operons, including proteins with hemophore-like properties, as well as TonB-dependent outer membrane receptors are described. We present their function and participation in the progression of the infection. In addition, we describe mechanisms produced by P. gingivalis and other periodontopathogens in synergistic processes promoting the growth and virulence of P. gingivalis. We also describe processes regulating iron and heme homeostasis, including the homolog of the Fur protein, the two-component system HaeSR, as well as the OxyR, SigH, and PgDps proteins.

scholarly journals PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS E PERIODONTITE CRÔNICA - AVANÇOS RECENTES

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Hugo Rocha Leon ◽  
Ellen Karla Nobre dos Santos-Lima ◽  
Ana Carla Montino Pimentel ◽  
Patricia Mares de Miranda ◽  
Paulo Cirino De Carvalho Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Cell Death Mechanisms

Periodontal disease is multifactorial and it affects the tissues surrounding the teeth. Its etiology includes microrganisms as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. This work aimed to discuss the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in chronic periodontitis. The electronic bases PubMed, BIREME and SciELO were used to search for historical aspects and studies published between 2000 and 2015, using the following descriptors in Portuguese and English: “Chronic periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis” and “Virulence factors”. 205 articles were found and 24 were included. Records on periodontal diseases from the early civilization to the present day were found. Its prevalence in the world’s population remains high and several studies report the pathogenesis of the disease. P. gingivalis is able to induce humoral and cellular response in infected individuals. Studies on its escape mechanisms and virulence factors report tissue breakdown consequent to immuno-inflammatory exacerbated response in the host which may evolve into edentulism. Studies of the immune response to P. gingivalis suggest its role in perpetuation of the inflammatory state by interfering with cytokines production and cell death mechanisms in the host’s cells, resulting in tissue destruction. The current knowledge about mechanisms of infection and virulence factors of P. gingivalis indicate its role as a key component in chronic periodontitis.

scholarly journals Porphyromonas gingivalis Fimbria-Induced Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines and Cyclooxygenase-2 in Mouse Macrophages and Its Inhibition by the Bioactive Compounds Fibronectin and Melatonin

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukio Murakami ◽  
Mamoru Machino ◽  
Seiichiro Fujisawa
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Nf Kappa B ◽  
Mouse Macrophages ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) fimbriae, in addition to lipopolysaccharide, are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. At the same time, bioactive compounds such as fibronectin (FN) and melatonin in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid have been reported to exert a preventive effect against periodontitis. Here, we review current knowledge regarding the potent inhibitory effects of FN and melatonin against Pg fimbria-induced induction of proinflammatory cytokines, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, and NF-kappa B activation in mouse macrophages and discuss their possible clinical application for prevention of periodontal diseases induced by oral bacteria.

Microbiological substantiation of application of phytopreparations in treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Abdurakhmanova ◽  
G. S. Runova ◽  
M. S. Podporin ◽  
E. V. Tsareva ◽  
E. V. Ippolitov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Streptococcus Constellatus ◽  
Urgent Task

Relevance: Inflammatory-destructive periodontal diseases are the most complicated and became the main cause of tooth loss in adult population. Herbal medicines have a variety of pharmacological properties, so the development and introduction of new forms for the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases is an urgent task today.Purpose – experimental evaluation of effectiveness of the use of herbal medicines “Tonzinal” and “CM-1” in relation to the priority periodontal pathogenes.Materials and methods: in experimental studies, the basis for the experiment was the system for the cultivation of microorganisms in real time – the Revers-Spinner RTS-1 bioreactor. With the priority strains of periodontitis pathogens, the study of the growth dynamics of the culture was carried out in several parallels.Results: herbal medicines “CM-1” and “Tonsinal” has a multilateral therapeutic effect, exerting a diverse influence on the key stages of development of such bacterial populations as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus constellatus, Candida albicans.Conclusion: tan integrated approach in the treatment of patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases is promising and will contribute to a more prolonged remission and increase the effectiveness of treatment. 

Alzheimer’s Disease and Retinal Degeneration: A Glimpse at Essential Trace Metals in Ocular Fluids and Tissues

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1073-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Micera ◽  
Luca Bruno ◽  
Andrea Cacciamani ◽  
Mauro Rongioletti ◽  
Rosanna Squitti
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Retinal Disease ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Aged People

Background: Life expectancy is increasing all over the world, although neurodegenerative disorders might drastically affect the individual activity of aged people. Of those, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is one of the most social-cost age-linked diseases of industrialized countries. To date, retinal diseases seem to be more common in the developing world and characterize principally aged people. Agerelated Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a late-onset, neurodegenerative retinal disease that shares several clinical and pathological features with AD, including stress stimuli such as oxidative stress, inflammation and amyloid formations. Method: In both diseases, the detrimental intra/extra-cellular deposits have many similarities. Aging, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity, arteriosclerosis and smoking are risk factors to develop both diseases. Cellular aging routes have similar organelle and signaling patterns in retina and brain. The possibility to find out new research strategies represent a step forward to disclose potential treatment for both of them. Essential trace metals play critical roles in both physiological and pathological condition of retina, optic nerve and brain, by influencing metabolic processes chiefly upon complex multifactorial pathogenesis. Conclusion: Hence, this review addresses current knowledge about some up-to-date investigated essential trace metals associated with AD and AMD. Changes in the levels of systemic and ocular fluid essential metals might reflect the early stages of AMD, possibly disclosing neurodegeneration pathways shared with AD, which might open to potential early detection.

scholarly journals Neuronal Cytoskeleton in Intellectual Disability: From Systems Biology and Modeling to Therapeutic Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6167
Author(s):  
Carla Liaci ◽  
Mattia Camera ◽  
Giovanni Caslini ◽  
Simona Rando ◽  
Salvatore Contino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Systems Biology ◽  
Rho Gtpases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Hierarchical Arrangement ◽  
Worldwide Population ◽  
Id Genes ◽  
Effective Network ◽  
And Behavior

Intellectual disability (ID) is a pathological condition characterized by limited intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors. It affects 1–3% of the worldwide population, and no pharmacological therapies are currently available. More than 1000 genes have been found mutated in ID patients pointing out that, despite the common phenotype, the genetic bases are highly heterogeneous and apparently unrelated. Bibliomic analysis reveals that ID genes converge onto a few biological modules, including cytoskeleton dynamics, whose regulation depends on Rho GTPases transduction. Genetic variants exert their effects at different levels in a hierarchical arrangement, starting from the molecular level and moving toward higher levels of organization, i.e., cell compartment and functions, circuits, cognition, and behavior. Thus, cytoskeleton alterations that have an impact on cell processes such as neuronal migration, neuritogenesis, and synaptic plasticity rebound on the overall establishment of an effective network and consequently on the cognitive phenotype. Systems biology (SB) approaches are more focused on the overall interconnected network rather than on individual genes, thus encouraging the design of therapies that aim to correct common dysregulated biological processes. This review summarizes current knowledge about cytoskeleton control in neurons and its relevance for the ID pathogenesis, exploiting in silico modeling and translating the implications of those findings into biomedical research.

scholarly journals Presence of Periodontopathic Bacteria DNA in Atheromatous Plaques from Coronary and Carotid Arteries

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Szulc ◽  
Wojciech Kustrzycki ◽  
Dariusz Janczak ◽  
Dagmara Michalowska ◽  
Dagmara Baczynska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Atheromatous Plaques ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Artery Disease

Objectives. Interest in periodontitis as a potential risk factor for atherosclerosis and its complications resulted from the fact that the global prevalence of periodontal diseases is significant and periodontitis may induce a chronic inflammatory response. Many studies have analyzed the potential impact of thePorphyromonas gingivalis, major pathogen of periodontitis, on general health. The purpose of this study was to find the presence of thePorphyromonas gingivalisDNA in the atherosclerotic plaques of coronary and carotid arteries and in the periodontal pockets in patients with chronic periodontitis, who underwent surgery because of vascular diseases.Methods and Results. The study population consisted of 91 patients with coronary artery disease or scheduled for carotid endarterectomy. The presence ofPorphyromonas gingivalisDNA in atheromatous plaques and in subgingival samples was determined by PCR. Bacterial DNA was found in 21 of 91 (23%) samples taken from vessels and in 47 of 63 (74.6%) samples from periodontal pockets.Conclusions.Porphyromonas gingivalisDNA is frequently found in atheromatous plaques of patients with periodontitis. That is why more research should be conducted to prove if this periopathogen may have an impact on endothelium of patients at risk of atherosclerosis.

Porphyromonas gingivalis Proteinases as Virulence Determinants in Progression of Periodontal Diseases

2000 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kadowaki ◽  
K. Nakayama ◽  
K. Okamoto ◽  
N. Abe ◽  
A. Baba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Virulence Determinants

scholarly journals The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Dental Implants

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
César Esquivel-Chirino ◽  
Juan Carlos Gómez-Landeros ◽  
Erika Patricia Carabantes-Campos ◽  
Daniela Carmona-Ruiz ◽  
Yolanda Valero-Princet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
The Impact

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition that alters the periodontium, resulting in destruction of the alveolar bone; without treatment the condition may lead to tooth loss. Dental implants are an alternative for substitution of naturally lost teeth as they have high success rates; however, some factors are related to its failure. Peri-implantitis (PI) is a pathological condition that affects the tissues surrounding dental implants and has been reported as the major cause of implant failure; PI and periodontal diseases are characterized by tissue inflammation and bone damage. In homeostasis conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to be involved in cell maintenance, signal transduction, and repair of all tissues, but ROS overaccumulation leads to oxidative stress, which generates cell damage and tissue destruction; likewise, antioxidants protect against the destructive effects of ROS by turning free radicals into waste products. The main purpose of this review was to determine some aspects of inflammatory responses and oxidative stress and analyze their relationship with the lack of osseointegration and PI.

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