Effect of volcanic tuff on the engineering properties of compressed earth block

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (106) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
W.F. Edris ◽  
Y. Jaradat ◽  
A.O. Al Azzam ◽  
H.M. Al Naji ◽  
S.A. Abuzmero
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Volcanic Tuff ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Compressed Earth Block ◽  
New Material ◽  
Compressive And Flexural Strengths ◽  
Earth Block ◽  
Future Work

Purpose: of this paper is to investigate the durability and the mechanical properties, including compressive and flexural strengths, of the locally compressed earth blocks manufactured from soil in Irbid, Jordan. Moreover, effect of volcanic tuff as new stabilizer material on properties of compressed earth block (CEB). Compressed earth block is a technique that was created to solve environmental and economic problems in construction sector. It is widespread in many countries around the world but hasn't been used in Jordan yet. Design/methodology/approach: 9 mixtures were carried out. One of this mixture is the control mix, beside other mixtures were performed by replacing soil with 40%, 10%, 10%, of sand, volcanic tuff, and lime respectively. In addition, polypropylene fibre was used. After 28 days of curing, the CEB were dried in oven at 105ºC for 24 hours then tested. Findings: Show that absorption and erosion were decreased when the lime used in the soil. On the other hand, the fibres presence significantly improved the durability and mechanical properties in all mixtures. Moreover, the higher compressive strength was obtained in the mixtures which contain lime only while the higher tensile strength was obtained in the mixtures which contain lime with sand replacement. The using of volcanic tuffs produced average compressive strength values. The reason is that in the presence of lime and pozzolana (volcanic tuff) reactions take place at low and slow rate at early ages. Research limitations/implications: volcanic tuff can produce favourable compressive strengths at later ages and this is a point of interest in the future work. Originality/value: Searching for a new material as stabilizer material that improves the properties of the compressed earth block (CEB).

Microstructural Features and Mechanical Properties of Autoclaved Saline Soil Brick: Part II: Mechanical Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 510 ◽  
pp. 655-659
Author(s):  
Lie Qu ◽  
Jiu Jun Yang ◽  
Shou Xi Chai ◽  
Lei Guo ◽  
Su Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Quartz Powder ◽  
Water Binding ◽  
Binding Ratio ◽  
Compressive And Flexural Strengths ◽  
Optimal Material

The effects of different components, autoclaving temperature and time on the mechanical properties of saline soil bricks were investigated. The autoclaved curing schedule is optimized at autoclaving time of 3h and autoclaving temperature of 175. The optimal material formula consists of water-binding ratio 0.2, CaO 15%, finely grinded quartz powder 20 % and sand 20%, under which the compressive and flexural strengths of saline soil bricks reaches 31.9 Mpa and 7.8Mpa, respectively. Reducing water-binding ratio will effectively promote density, while increasing the amount of CaO will enhance the hydrothermal reaction products, density and the mechanical strength. In addition, adding finely grinded quartz powder and sand will further increase the hydrothermal reaction products and restrict volume shrinkage. Furthermore, elevating autoclaving temperature and extending autoclaving time are favorable to increase density and to improve mechanical properties. But autoclaving time exceeds 3h, the compressive strength will be reduced.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Hollow Compressed Earth Block Stabilized Using Cement, Lime, and Sodium Silicate

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Edris ◽  
Faris Matalkah ◽  
Bara’ah Rbabah ◽  
Ahmad Abu Sbaih ◽  
Reham Hailat
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Compressed Earth Block ◽  
Earth Block ◽  
Lower Production ◽  
Northern Jordan

Abstract This research aims to produce a Compressed Earth Block (CEB) product using locally available soil collected from northern Jordan. The CEB mixture was further stabilized using Portland cement, lime, and sodium silicate. The research significance is based upon the urgent need of most developing countries (e.g. Jordan, Egypt…etc) to build more durable and low-cost houses by using locally available materials. As a result, CEB was identified as a cheap and environmentally friendly construction material. CEB specimens were thoroughly characterized by studying the mechanical properties and durability characteristics. Blocks of 30 x 15 x 8 cm with two holes of 7.5 cm in diameter have a potential for higher enduring, higher compressive strength, better thermal insulation, and lower production cost. Blocks were manufactured with an addition of 8 % for either Portland cement or lime, as well as 2 % of sodium silicate to the soil. The results showed that the addition of 8 % of cement to the CEB achieves satisfactory results in both mechanical and durability properties. Also, the addition of sodium silicate was found to enhance the early-age compressive strength however it affected negatively the durable properties of blocks by increasing the erosion rate and deterioration when exposed to water.

Stability Coefficient of Interlocking Compressed Earth Block Masonry under Axial Compression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianya Wang ◽  
Yihong Wang ◽  
Guiyuan Zeng ◽  
Jianxiong Zhang ◽  
Dan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Axial Compression ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Stability Coefficient ◽  
Strength Failure ◽  
Compressed Earth Block ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Earth Block ◽  
Plane Deformations

To investigate the effects of the height-thickness ratio (β) on the mechanical properties and stability coefficients (φs) of interlocking compressed earth block (ICEB) masonry members under axial compression, four groups of specimens with different β of 3.75, 6.75, 11.25, and 14.25 were tested, thereby assessing their stress process, failure mode, compressive strength, and in- and out-of-plane deformations. All the specimens underwent brittle failure under axial compression: the compressive strength was found to decrease in a range from 5.6% to 43% with increasing β, whereas the initial stacking defects and the in- and out-of-plane deformations increased. The specimens became less stable, and we noticed that the overall damage was caused by strength failure and not instability failures. Because the stability coefficient of ICEB-based masonry components cannot be calculated as those of more conventional brickwork, we combined our results with well-established masonry design guidelines and derived an interlocking improvement coefficient.

Classification of Engineering Properties of Tropical Boulder in Completely Weathered Granite in Johor, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1059-1069
Author(s):  
Mohd Firdaus Md Dan ◽  
Edy Tonnizam Mohamad ◽  
Ibrahim Komoo ◽  
Aziman Madun ◽  
Siti Norsalkini Mohd Akip Tan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Uniaxial Compressive Strength ◽  
Point Load ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Point Load Strength ◽  
Weathered Granite ◽  
Completely Weathered Granite

Engineering properties of tropical weathered granite mass have been widely investigated and classified for engineering purposes. However, the engineering properties of tropical boulder in weathered granite profile is poorly understood and not well classified. This study aims to examine and classify the physico-mechanical properties of granite boulder in completely weathered zone. A total of 34 in-situ boulders were examined from two granite quarries located in Southern Johor, Malaysia. Microstructure-mineralogical alterations were analyzed based on petrographic analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties were including dry density, porosity, point load strength, uniaxial compressive strength and permeability. Three properties were identified as significant indicators to differentiate between tropical boulder and completely weathered granite when it is evaluated from the soil investigation drilling work namely; texture characteristics, discolourations and degree of weathering. Analysis revealed that the alteration of microstructures and minerals such as feldspar, biotite, and plagioclase from corestone (Grade I/II) to saprolite (Grade IV/V) zone were significantly reduced the dry density, point load strength, uniaxial compressive strength and permeability with 32%, 99.5%, 98.6% and 84.8%, respectively. It has also significantly increased the porosity up to 11.6 times or 1065% from corestone to saprolite. The significant different of physico-mechanical properties of material surrounding boulder due to weathering can be classified and useful in evaluation of geotechnical design and geological engineering applications.

Mechanical properties and hygroscopicity behavior of compressed earth block filled by date palm fibers

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bachir Taallah ◽  
Abdelhamid Guettala ◽  
Salim Guettala ◽  
Abdelouahed Kriker
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Date Palm Fibers ◽  
Compressed Earth Block ◽  
Earth Block

Determination of Some Mechanical Properties of Almond Seed Related to Design of Food Processing Machines

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
MO Sunmonu ◽  
MO Iyanda ◽  
MM Odewole ◽  
AN Moshood
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Fracture Force ◽  
Postharvest Handling

In this study, some selected mechanical properties of red and white varieties of Almond seeds grown in Nigeria were determined using Testometric M500 – 100AT machine. The fracture force, compressive strength, deformation at yield for red varieties were 2679.40 ± 580.29 N, 408.70 ± 41.90 N/mm2 and 7.03 ± 0.65 mm respectively. The values obtained for the white varieties were 2843.90 ± 330.22 N, 396.20 ± 49.40 N/mm2, and 7.27 ± 0.46 mm. The determined engineering properties are vital for the design of postharvest handling and processing systems for Almond seeds as statistical test showed that there are significant differences (at 5% level) between the engineering properties of the two seeds studied.KEYWORDS: fracture force, compressive strength, deformation, almond seeds

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WARM MIXED USING POLYMER RECLAIMED ASPHALT WITH NEW AGGREGATE (PRAP-WARM MIX)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weerakaset Suanpaga
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Warm Temperature ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
New Material

The purpose of this study is to determine the appropriated mixed proportion of asphalt concrete using Polymer Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, new aggregate and Advera (PRAP-Warm Mixed) that were mixed at warm temperature. Then the Mechanical Properties of new mixed asphalt concrete samples were tested following the standards of the Department of Highway, Thailand. In experimental design, the range of mixing temperature varied as 140°C, 145°C, 150°C, 155°C, and percentage of Advera added varied at 0.20, 0.25, 0.30 and 0.35 percent by weight of aggregate. The engineering properties of PRAP samples obtained from this study showed that the optimum mixing ratio was 0.20 percent at 140°C has a Stability value of 2530 lbs, a flow of 12 in a particle size of VMA 16.2, a strength index, 85 percent of the test results are in line with the requirements of the Department of Highways. Then using 70 percent of PRAP-warm mix with 30 percent of new material at 140°C and add 0.20 percent of Advera that is the best-mixed proportion. The normal temperature of PMA mixing is higher than 170°C, in this case using PRAP-Warm mix can reduce temperature lesser than 150°C then this mixing process can save fuel consumption. Thus this study is useful for environmental perspectives.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Study on the Factors Affecting the Workability and Mechanical Properties of Ambient Cured Fly Ash and Slag Based Geopolymer Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8722
Author(s):  
Rana Muhammad Waqas ◽  
Faheem Butt ◽  
Xulong Zhu ◽  
Tianshui Jiang ◽  
Rana Faisal Tufail
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
New Material ◽  
Comprehensive Study ◽  
Slag Content

Geopolymer concrete (GPC), also known as an earth friendly concrete, has been under continuous study due to its environmental benefits and potential as a sustainable alternative to conventional concrete construction. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive studies focusing on the influence of all the design mix variables on the fresh and strength properties of GPC. GPC is still a relatively new material in terms of field application and has yet to secure international acceptance as a construction material. Therefore, it is important that comprehensive studies be carried out to collect more reliable information to expand this relatively new material technology to field and site applications. This research work aims to provide a comprehensive study on the factors affecting the fresh and hardened properties of ambient cured fly ash and slag based geopolymer concrete (FS-GPC). Industrial by-products, fly ash from thermal power plants, and ground granulated blast furnace slag from steel industries were utilized to produce ambient cured FS-GPC. A series of experiments were conducted to study the effect of various parameters, i.e., slag content (10%, 20%, 30%, and 50%), amount of alkaline activator solution (AAS) (35% and 40%), sodium silicate (SS) to sodium hydroxide (SH) ratio (SS/SH = 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0), sodium hydroxide concentration (10 M, 12 M, and 14 M) and addition of extra water on fresh and mechanical properties of FS-GPC. The workability of the fresh FS-GPC mixes was measured by the slump cone test. The mechanical properties of the mixes were evaluated by compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexure strength, and static modulus tests. The results revealed that workability of FS-GPC is greatly reduced by increasing slag content, molarity of NaOH solution, and SS/SH ratio. The compressive strength was improved with an increase in the molarity of NaOH solution and slag content and a decrease in AAS content from 40% to 35%. However, the influence of SS/SH ratio on mechanical properties of FS-GPC has a varying effect. The addition of extra water to enhance the workability of GPC matrix caused a decrease in the compressive strength. The validity of the equations suggested by previous studies to estimate the tensile and flexural strength and elastic modulus of FS-GPC mixes were also evaluated. Based on the test results of this study, empirical equations are proposed to predict the splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus of ambient cured FS-GPC. The optimal mixtures of FS-GPC in terms of workability and mechanical properties were also proposed for the field applications.

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