Influence of Traditional Wood Surface Modification Methods on Changes in Aesthetic and Resistance Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 74-88
Author(s):  
Anna Różańska ◽  
Agnieszka Sokołek ◽  
Adam Barski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Wood Surface ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Potassium Permanganate Solution ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Common Oak

For ages, furniture makers have been using various methods to accelerate the natural process of wood aging, in order to achieve a more sophisticated colour and to provide a uniform appearance for furniture parts replaced during restoration. Nowadays, wood aging is popular due to its aesthetic value associated with naturally aged wood, which can be enjoyed in conjunction with favourable mechanical properties of contemporary wood. Methods of wood surface modification used in wood aging can be divided into mechanical ones, consisting in changing the structure of wooden surfaces (eg. sanding, brushing, paint rubbing or structuring with chisel or other tools) and chemical ones, involving the use of chemical substances to change the colour of wood (eg. greying; application of lye, paint or wood stain; and ammonia fuming). The purpose of our study was to determine the influence of traditional wood modification techniques used in furniture-making − such as: structuring, whitewashing, rubbing, greying, dyeing with potassium permanganate solution and ammonia fuming − on the aesthetic and resistance properties of wooden surfaces (colour, gloss, roughness, abrasion resistance and resistance to scratches). Tests were performed on wood species most frequently used in Poland to produce artificially weathered wood: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and common oak (Quercus Sp).

scholarly journals Распределение механических свойств древесины лиственных пород в годовых кольцах, выявленных методом сканирующего наноиндентирования

2022 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Ю.И. Головин ◽  
А.И. Тюрин ◽  
А.А. Гусев ◽  
С.М. Матвеев ◽  
Д.Ю. Головин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Common Oak

The paper presents the results of mechanical properties scanning by means of nanoindentation across the annual growth rings of deciduous trees wood, small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata) and common oak (Quercus robur) in particular. Significant variations in microhardness H and Young’s modulus E radial dependencies have been found for any of the studied species. Results can be useful 1) to amend the understanding the nature of macromechanical properties of various wood species and to reveal the details of their formation depending upon microstructural characteristics, 2) to optimize the technologies of growing, reinforcement and subsequent usage of the wood, 3) to develop new independent methods in dendrochronology and dendroclimatology

Lighting of Engineering Structures and Industrial Facilities New Aspects of the Topic

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Nikolai I. Shepetkov ◽  
George N. Cherkasov ◽  
Vladimir A. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Lighting Design ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Industrial Structures ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Architectural Lighting ◽  
The Aesthetic

This paper considers the fundamental problem of artificial lighting in various types and scales of industrial facilities, focusing on exterior lighting design solutions. There is a lack of interest from investors, customers and society in high­quality lighting design for industrial facilities in Russia, which in many cities are very imaginative structures, practically unused in the evening. Architectural lighting of various types of installations is illustrated with photographs. The purpose of the article is to draw attention to the aesthetic value of industrial structures, provided not only by the architectural, but also by a welldesigned lighting solution.

Surface Modification and its Influence on the Microstructure and Creep Resistance of Nickel Based Superalloy René 77 / Modyfikacja Powierzchniowa Oraz Jej Wpływ Na Mikrostrukture I Wytrzymałosc Na Pełzanie Odlewów Z Nadstopu Niklu Ren´E 77

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zielinska ◽  
J. Sieniawski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Cobalt Aluminate ◽  
Nickel Based Superalloy ◽  
Average Grain Size

Superalloy René 77 is very wide used for turbine blades, turbine disks of aircraft engines which work up to 1050°C. These elements are generally produced by the investment casting method. Turbine blades produced by conventional precision casting methods have coarse and inhomogeneous grain structure. Such a material often does not fulfil basic requirements, which concern mechanical properties for the stuff used in aeronautical engineering. The incorporation of controlled grain size improved mechanical properties. This control of grain size in the casting operation was accomplished by the control of processing parameters such as casting temperature, mould preheating temperature, and the use of grain nucleates in the face of the mould. For nickel and cobalt based superalloys, it was found that cobalt aluminate (CoAl2O4) has the best nucleating effect. The objective of this work was to determine the influence of the inoculant’s content (cobalt aluminate) in the surface layer of the ceramic mould on the microstructure and mechanical properties at high temperature of nickel based superalloy René 77. For this purpose, the ceramic moulds were made with different concentration of cobalt aluminate in the primary slurry was from 0 to 10% mass. in zirconium flour. Stepped and cylindrical samples were casted for microstructure and mechanical examinations. The average grain size of the matrix ( phase), was determined on the stepped samples. The influence of surface modification on the grain size of up to section thickness was considered. The microstructure investigations with the use of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enable to examine the influence of the surface modification on the morphology of ’ phase and carbides precipitations. Verification of the influence of CoAl2O4 on the mechanical properties of castings were investigated on the basis of results obtained form creep tests.

What's the Message of Architecture?

2014 ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Аndrey G. Velikanov
Keyword(s):  
Separate Entity ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Current State ◽  
Entire Complex ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Aesthetic

Considers the aspects of architecture as a language able to express the current state and to prophetically indicate the upcoming changes. The aesthetic value of a construction cannot be perceived just as a separate entity, but it can be cognized in the context and not only a visual one, in space. It is necessary to see the entire complex of the accompanying phenomena, all the flow of the unfolding metaphors and values. In the model in view the figure of the author-creator must be reconsidered as no longer conforming to today's reality. The development of the Stalinist Empire style, as well as its transformations, is considered as one of the specific phenomena in the history of well-known constructions

Semi Automatic T-Shirt Folding Machine Berbasis PID (Proportional Integral Derivative)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Apriliyanto ◽  
Miftachul Ulum ◽  
Koko Joni
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Sensor ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative ◽  
Servo Motor ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Proportional Integral ◽  
Door Opening ◽  
Dc Motors ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Right

<em>The process of folding clothes is one of the activities carried out in the laundry business or household. The activity is fairly easy but many people are still lazy to do it. As a result, clothes that have been washed will fall apart in certain rooms, thereby reducing the aesthetic value of a home. Semi Automatic T-Shirt Folding Machine is the right solution to make folding clothes easier and more time efficient. This tool is equipped with a servo motor that moves the folding board that has been designed in such a way that the user only needs to manghandle the shirt just once and simply push one button then the shirt will fold itself and will be neatly arranged through the clothes stacker board. The PID method is applied to DC motors that move under the clothes folder so that the buildup of clothes underneath will not be pressured upward when the clothes are piled up when they are folded. Ultrasonic sensor will measure the right height between the clothes with the door opening the stacking clothes with kp = 1, ki = 0.1, kd = 0.5 for thin clothes and kp = 5, ki = 1, kd = 2.5 for thick clothes so that the movement of the motor can adjust its speed . This tool can fold one shirt in 16.83 seconds 11 seconds faster than folding clothes manually</em>

STUDY OF DECORATIVE VARIETY IN GORONTALO KARAWO FABRIC IN AESTHETIC AND SYMBOLIC ELEMENTS

ARTic ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Apsari Dj Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Aesthetic Theory ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Aesthetic Form ◽  
Decorative Motifs ◽  
Symbolic Meanings ◽  
The Aesthetic

This study aims to examine the decorative types of Gorontalo karawo fabrics in aesthetic and symbolic elements. Researchers want to know as made in the research design, aspects that are present in the decoration of fabrics in aesthetic and symbolic elements. This study uses a number of related theories to get results, and as a determinant, the authors use aesthetic theory, as well as historical approaches. With this theoretical basis, the author seeks to describe the aesthetic aspects and symbolic meanings that exist in Gorontalo karawo fabric. Through the data collection of the chosen motif and provide a classification of motives, the part is used as a reference for research material. The results showed that Gorontalo filigree had an aesthetic value consisting of unity formed from the overall decorative motifs displayed, complexity formed by complexity in the manufacturing process, and intensity of seriousness in the manufacturing process or the impression displayed on the filigree motif. The aesthetic form also reflects the diversity of meanings for communication, such as the symbol of a leader with his noble instincts, a symbol of cultural cooperation, which is worth maintaining, and ideas about nature conservation. This research proves that the decoration in Gorontalo filigree cloth (karawo) does not only act as a visual value, but also as a communication of cultural meanings and social status. Of all these distinctive motifs show a relationship between humans and humans and humans with nature. The influence of culture from the Philippines is also known to have a strong influence on the emergence of the Gorontalo filigree namely manila filigree.

Building Better Aesthetic Agents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic McIver Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Arts Education ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
The Aesthetic

A theory of aesthetic value should help us to make sense of how our aesthetic commitments matter to us as members of collectives. Aesthetic policies endogenous to aesthetic practices are directly justified by the network theory. The chapter looks at what aesthetic reasons we have to adopt exogenous aesthetic policies. Many argue that aesthetic practices deserve public support because aesthetic goods are public goods. A case is made for an aesthetic opportunity principle: larger social groups have reason to foster the aesthetic opportunities available to their members. The principle is applied to arts education and to communication technologies subserving aesthetic exchanges. The chapter ends with a discussion of how aesthetic opportunity interacts with—and can potentially counteract—oppressive social structures.

scholarly journals Drug-Induced Photosensitivity—From Light and Chemistry to Biological Reactions and Clinical Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 723
Author(s):  
Justyna Kowalska ◽  
Jakub Rok ◽  
Zuzanna Rzepka ◽  
Dorota Wrześniok
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Biochemical Level ◽  
The Aesthetic

Photosensitivity is one of the most common cutaneous adverse drug reactions. There are two types of drug-induced photosensitivity: photoallergy and phototoxicity. Currently, the number of photosensitization cases is constantly increasing due to excessive exposure to sunlight, the aesthetic value of a tan, and the increasing number of photosensitizing substances in food, dietary supplements, and pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The risk of photosensitivity reactions relates to several hundred externally and systemically administered drugs, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, psychotropic, antimicrobial, antihyperlipidemic, and antineoplastic drugs. Photosensitivity reactions often lead to hospitalization, additional treatment, medical management, decrease in patient’s comfort, and the limitations of drug usage. Mechanisms of drug-induced photosensitivity are complex and are observed at a cellular, molecular, and biochemical level. Photoexcitation and photoconversion of drugs trigger multidirectional biological reactions, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and changes in melanin synthesis. These effects contribute to the appearance of the following symptoms: erythema, swelling, blisters, exudation, peeling, burning, itching, and hyperpigmentation of the skin. This article reviews in detail the chemical and biological basis of drug-induced photosensitivity. The following factors are considered: the chemical properties, the influence of individual ranges of sunlight, the presence of melanin biopolymers, and the defense mechanisms of particular types of tested cells.

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