The legacy of the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen in the context of sports tourism

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Mateusz Rozmiarek
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Sports Facilities ◽  
Adolf Hitler ◽  
Test Stage ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Sports Tourism ◽  
The Olympic Games

The IV Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Ga-Pa) are regarded by researchers as a test stage for the international demonstration of the German Reich’s economic power in relation to the Games of the XI Olympiad in Berlin, which were organized half a year later. Through the Games, Adolf Hitler sought to test all of his resources and means, thereby testing the country’s readiness to host another major sporting event. Despite numerous controversies related to the intense exposition of Nazi politics and anti-Semitism, the Olympic Games were remembered among the international public as a professionally organized event, among others thanks to the modern and extremely functional sports facilities of the time. The aim of this paper is to characterize the Olympic legacy of Ga- Pa, which due to its numerous remnants and nowadays well-maintained historical sports base contributes to the development of sports tourism in Germany. This account is briefl y preceded by an account of the preparation and course of the IV Winter Olympics.

Understanding the Global–Local Nexus in the Context of the Olympic Games: Implications for Managing Community Development Through Sport Megaevents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
NaRi Shin ◽  
Jon Welty Peachey
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Host Community ◽  
World Systems ◽  
World Systems Theory ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Diverse Data ◽  
The Olympic Games

In this study, the authors sought to understand the influence of the Olympic Games on a host community’s globalization and development using world-systems theory and theories of globalization (i.e., glocalization and grobalization). The host community for the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics (Daegwallyeong-myeon in South Korea) was the focus of this investigation. Using a global ethnographic approach, the authors collected diverse data through interviews, observations, archival and media documents, and field notes. Findings identified five key themes: (a) perception of underdevelopment, (b) the Organizing Committee’s institutional management of the global standard, (c) the Organizing Committee’s role as a negotiator between the global standard and the locality, (d) resident perspectives on global standards and regulations, and (e) aspirations to globalize Daegwallyeong-myeon. Through this study, the authors advance the use of world-systems theory and expand the concept of grobalization in the context of sport megaevent management by discussing global–local configurations and local agents’ desires to transform the community through Olympic-driven development and globalization.

scholarly journals OLYMPIC GAMES IN SOCHI AS A SPORT AND ENTERTAINMENT EVENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON TOURISM IN THE REGION

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Vidishcheva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Sports Facilities ◽  
Promotion Policy ◽  
Cultural Events ◽  
Sports Entertainment ◽  
The Olympic Games

Research background. The article discusses the possible ways of solving systemic problems of Sochi city popularization as a year-round resort, which confirms the need for the development of the unified state promotion policy of Sochi city as a unique republic`s property, the place where Russia's Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games were grandly held for the first time. The state promotion policy should be based on the combination of institutional and project-based approaches, the development of cooperation between all levels of governmental structures, the business community and civil society organizations and aimed at implementing the priorities within the framework of each strategic direction. The object of research was the tourist market of Sochi resort and mass sports entertainment events. The purpose of research was an assessment of the impact of mass sports entertainment events on the tourism development in the region. Methods. The authors used a set of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization) and specifically – scientific (theoretical) research methods. The quantitative impact assessment was carried out by analysing the volume of tourist flow, the passenger traffic of Adler airport, the availability of hotels and a number of other indicators, including the dynamics of gross regional product. Results. The preparation and holding of major international sporting and cultural events will be certainly based on the experience gained during the Olympic Games 2014. The construction of new and reconstruction of existing sports facilities required for the successful conduct of these activities will also contribute to further development of the infrastructure of sports facilities. And this, in turn, will provide Russian Federation with a further strengthening of the status of a leading sports power. Conclusion. These directions give the possibility to use effectively objects after the Games due to the formation of modern venues, most of which have no analogues on the territory of modern Russia, which, of course, is not only a long term investment in the development of professional sports in Sochi, but in the tourism industry in Russian Federation as a whole. Sochi tourist and recreational clusters represent themselves a set of interrelated objects of recreational and cultural orientation, collective means of accommodation, catering and related services provided the necessary infrastructure available in the modern city of Sochi. In short terms the result will be the satisfaction of needs of different categories of Russians, as well as foreign citizens, active and fulfilling rest, health promotion using balneology resources of Sochi, joining a growing number of sports and recreational as well as cultural events held in Sochi city. The tourism as an industry, stimulating economic development, can be used as an instrument of Russian state policy to optimize economic development. Due to the Olympic Games 2014 we can observe the improvements and significant changes in the Russian sphere of tourist services. According to the forecasts of tour operators the demand for rest in Sochi by different estimates has increased from 15 to 40 % (on the date 15.05.2014). The emergence of new possibilities for the practice of tourism and promotion of winter sports will be aimed at improving the image of Sochi city, which together can provide the significant economic benefits. Keywords: Sochi city-resort, steady growth, heritage games, MICE-tourism, entertainment event.

Driving Tourism Through Sport Event in the Lipno Region

2018 ◽  
pp. 269-283
Author(s):  
Petr Studnička ◽  
Pavel Attl
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Olympic Games

Olympic Games have already been the top worldwide followed sporting event for 120 years. Until recently the Olympic Games were in terms of tourism associated exclusively with visitors' passive follow up. That status started to change with the emergence of an entirely new phenomenon called the Olympic parks. Based on this phenomenon is a research focusing on establishing an Olympic Park 2016 in Lipno nad Vltavou, Czech Republic. Part of the research was to analyze the impact of the Olympic Park it had on the region and the authors evaluated both positive and negative effects. The result of this research was to determine the main impacts of the Olympic Park on the destination, in the short and long terms. The authors concluded that the construction of the Olympic Park was a major impulse for the development of tourism in the area.

Olympics and International Sports Law Research Guide

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Cho
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Sports Law ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
The Olympic Games

AbstractThe Olympic Games are the world's most recognised international sporting event alongside the FIFA World Cup. Started in ancient Greece, the Olympic Games were revived in modern times in 1896 and occur every four years. This article, by Esther Cho, discusses how to research the structure and legal aspects of the Olympic Movement. It also encompasses the general array of international sports law resources connected to the Olympic Movement.

The Role of Media in Enhancing People’s Perception of Hosting a Mega Sport Event: The Case of Pyeongchang’s Winter Olympics Bids

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Kim ◽  
Moonhoon Choi ◽  
Kyriaki Kaplanidou
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Winter Olympic Games ◽  
The Media ◽  
Newspaper Articles ◽  
The Olympic Games

Residents’ support for hosting the Olympic Games is crucial for a bid to succeed in the Olympic host-city selection process. Because of the vital role of the media in framing public perceptions of Olympic bids, the purpose of this study was to examine media coverage of hosting the Olympic Games during the Olympic host-city bid process. A quantitative content analysis was conducted on newspaper articles about Pyeongchang, Korea. Pyeongchang was a candidate city for 3 consecutive bids for the Winter Olympic Games, and it finally won its latest bid to host the 2018 Games. Six hundred Korean newspaper articles were collected for analysis. The results indicated that positive, nationwide discussions of hosting the Olympic Games were presented during the successful bid. Infrastructure legacy was mentioned frequently and dominantly for both successful and unsuccessful bid periods, whereas the presence of sport-development and sociocultural-legacy themes increased in the latest, successful, bid. In addition, extensive coverage related to celebrity endorsement was found during the successful bid.

scholarly journals Royalty and the Olympic movement

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-17
Author(s):  
Maria Bulatova ◽  
Valentyna Iermolova
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Crown Prince ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Olympic Games

The Olympic Games of Ancient Greece had occupied a special place in the life of the Hellenes. The holding of the Olympics had a wide public resonance. The rulers of various polices actively supported these events and many of them were the participants and some the winners of the Games. Famous philosophers, writers and poets, architects and sculptors had the honor to present their works to spectators and judges at that athletic forum. During the heyday of the Roman Empire, which conquered ancient Greece, Roman emperors not only supported the holding of the Olympic Games, but also participated in Olympic competitions organized at four-year intervals and other Pan-Helenian Games. The process of the revival of the Olympic Games had been closely related to the activities of prominent thinkers, artists, actors, and musicians of the Renaissance, New Age, and Enlightenment. It is worth noting that the royalty did not stand aside from this process: the first Olympic Games of the Modern Era were held with the active involvement of the King of Greece George I, whereas Crown Prince Constantine assumed the presidency of the organizing committee of the Games. Since that time, many royalties from different countries have participated in the Olympic Games. For more than 120-year history of the Olympic Games, revived at the end of the XIX century, 31 representatives of royal families took part in Olympic competitions and won 11 Olympic medals: four gold, one silver and six bronze medals. Their interest in the Olympic movement is not limited to participation in the Olympics Games and the Winter Olympics. The history of the modern Olympic movement includes the names of 14 representatives of the Royalty who were given the honor to declare the Olympic Games open; 34 ones in different years were the members of the International Olympic Committee; five monarchs with special merits in the development of the International Olympic Movement and promoting Olympic values are among the honorary members of the IOC. The article describes briefly this interesting story of the Olympic Games of antiquity and modernity, in which royalty took part. Keywords: Olympic Games, royalty

scholarly journals Gender identity and Olympic games: The iridescence in Tokyo 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Dongye Lyu ◽  
Zhuotong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
Mega Event ◽  
The Olympic Games

The Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games has brought great strides in terms of equality and inclusion. At least 185 publicly out LGBTIQ+ athletes have attended this global mega-event, which is more than triple the number from the 2016 Rio Olympics. This study investigates the sports participation of the LGBTIQ+ group based on qualitative method of literature review and logical analysis. It first examines the literature about the LGBTIQ+ group's sports participation and then sheds light on the evolution of gender characteristics of Olympics and sports from a historical research perspective. Finally, taking Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games as an example, this work discusses the state quo and future of the LGBTIQ+ group's Olympic participation. The results indicate that sex discrimination in sports has a long history. As the most important global sporting event, the Olympic Games have gone through different stages from the "male-exclusivity" to the gender binary system. However, true gender equality has not yet been realized. In addition, it points out that the Tokyo Olympics is of positive significance for promoting inclusiveness and equality. The ever-developing inclusiveness and diversity will probably break the gender competition mechanism of the Olympic Games. Sports institutions need to deal well with issues of gender equality and fair competition

scholarly journals The republic of consumption at the Olympic Games: globalization, Americanization, and Californization

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Dyreson
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Action Sports ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
The World ◽  
Us Government ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Olympic Games

AbstractAction sports such as beach volleyball and snowboarding have recently become popular commodities at the Olympics. While some observers view these new sports as global phenomena with transnational origins, they were incubated in California and are linked to the promotion of American visions of affluence. The encroachment of these sports onto global stages at the Olympics signals the continuing historical power of Californization, a particular brand of Americanization. The efforts to Californize the world through Olympic sports is considerably older than the debut of action sports, dating to the 1920s and 1930s when a coalition of US government agents, sports promoters, and corporate entrepreneurs began to articulate a strategy to mask Americanization campaigns in the world's leading sporting event under the veneer of California style. In the process they ‘dis’-invented historical traditions, in particular Olympic sports, in order to amplify their prospects in global markets.

South Africa, Apartheid and the Olympic Games

STADION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-137
Author(s):  
Jan Hangebrauck
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Olympic Games

South Africa was part of the Olympic Movement for more than two decades after apartheid had been officially introduced in 1948. In 1964 South Africa was excluded from the sporting event for the first time, and in 1970 it was formally expelled from the Olympic Movement. It had to wait until 1992 for its return when South Africa participated in the Olympic Games in Barcelona and won two medals. In the first part, this article describes South Africa’s development to exclusion and then back to its return by examining reasons for the late expulsion from, and re-entry to, the Olympic family. The next part looks at reactions of the governments and national sports federations (NFs) of Great Britain, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) to South Africa’s exclusion and its return against the backdrop of the Cold War. This paper further analyses the general attitudes of those actors towards apartheid (in sports). The conclusion points out the implications of South Africa’s sporting isolation and additional research gaps.

scholarly journals Den olympiske pengemaskine

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Skovgaard
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Public ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
Analytical Point ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Olympic Games

Artikel om de moderne olympiske leges økonomi.The Olympic money machineOver a century after their start, the modern Olympic games constitute nothing less than the greatest regularly recurring global event. The modern Games are an event which attracts a great deal of attention and creates and consumes large quantities of resources, which also stem from public sources of finance and therefore from the ordinary tax-payer – in the first instance the citizens of the city in which the games are held. Over and above their role as a unique sporting event, the modern Games are the driving force in a comprehensive transnational concern, which from an analytical point of view is positioned at the intersection between the private market, the public sector and civilian society. Such a situation makes it relevant to shed light on the background against which the finances of the Olympic games as a business come into being and are distributed. This article considers the Olympic idea first and foremost as a sales object. This is simply because when the day arrives when the modern Games and their pregnant symbols – the Olympic logo, the Olympic flag, the Olympic motto, the Olympic hymn and the Olympic torch – no longer sell, many of the problems that currently grow out of and with the Olympic money machine will be a closed chapter. In this context sharp scrutiny is directed at the IOC, the organ which makes up the Olympic movement’s highest authority and which has a overriding influence on everything that takes place around the Olympic games enterprise. These two fixed points – the Olympic idea as a valuable marketing object and the IOC’s role as manager of that object by virtue of its position as leader of the Olympic movement and holder of the property rights to the modern Games – are grounded in a record of a series of events, which in 1998 and 1999 seriously shook the sustainability of the positive narrative about the Olympic games and of the Olympianism which was the philosophy of life superimposed on it. It is precisely the drawing power of that good narrative that makes it worthwhile for a multitude of companies of all sizes to pay large sums for the use of distinctive

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