Case Study on Soft Soil Improvement using Innovative and Cost-Effective Reinforcing Techniques

The point foundation method is the head enlarged cement deep mixing columns with high-quality control which can be used for soft ground improvement. The article aims to present the application of this method to treat soft soil for the foundation of Samse Vina factory, Ninh Binh province. The thickness of soft soil varies from 5.4 m to 7.4 m with high compressibility and low shear strength. Thus, point foundation was used to improve this layer. The prediction methods of soil bearing capacity and the settlement on the point foundation were calculated. After the treatment of soil, the unconfined compression strength of the point foundation column was determined and the static compression test for the point foundation column was also performed. The research results show that this method can significantly reduce the settlement of shallow footing and improved the bearing capacity of the soil. The final settlement of shallow footing was smaller than 2.54 cm and the bearing capacity of soil treatment can be satisfied with the requirement of construction building. This is a successful case of the application of point foundation to improve soft soil in Vietnam.

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Applications of Mass Stabilization at Baltic Sea Region

Proceedings of 13th Baltic Sea Geotechnical Conference ◽

10.3846/13bsgc.2016.036 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Juha Forsman ◽

Tommi Marjamäki ◽

Harri Jyrävä ◽

Noora Lindroos ◽

Merja Autiola

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Baltic Sea ◽

Soft Soil ◽

Road Construction ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Soil Improvement ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Foundation Engineering ◽

Case Examples ◽

Baltic Sea Region

Mass stabilization is soil improvement method to increase the strength and stiffness of soft soils (e.g. peat, mud, clay, silt) by using an admixed binder agent. In the demanding soil conditions of Baltic Sea region shore line and interior soft soil areas, cost effective soil improvement methods are needed in the foundation engineering and earth construction. Methods are also needed in the handling of soft and/or contaminated sediments (clay, mud, etc.), which are not allowed for off shore dumping. For these applications, mass stabilization has been proven to be a cost effective method and the effectiveness of mass stabilization has been demonstrated in laboratory and in field conditions during last decades. Especially good results have been reached with contaminated dredged sediments, which enable harbours to reuse sediments for construction. Better cost effectiveness has been achieved when by-products or waste materials have been utilized as a binder. Numerous mass stabilization projects have been carried out around the word and in the Nordic countries since beginning of 1990’s. In this article is presented: the principles of mass stabilization method, case examples of using mass stabilization in harbour and road construction projects, utilization of by-product or waste based binders and the cost effectiveness of that kind of binders.

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The socio-spatial politics of royalties and their distribution: A case study of the Surat Basin, Queensland

Environment and Planning A Economy and Space ◽

10.1177/0308518x211026656 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0308518X2110266

Author(s):

Neil Argent ◽

Sean Markey ◽

Greg Halseth ◽

Laura Ryser ◽

Fiona Haslam-McKenzie

Keyword(s):

Cost Effective ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Energy Extraction ◽

Grant Application ◽

Coal Seam Gas ◽

Spatial Politics ◽

Developmental Needs ◽

Development Fund ◽

Effective Use

This paper is concerned with the socio-spatial and ethical politics of redistribution, specifically the allocation of natural resources rents from political and economic cores to the economic and geographical peripheries whence the resource originated. Based on a case study of the coal seam gas sector in Queensland's Surat Basin, this paper focuses on the operation of the Queensland State Government's regional development fund for mining and energy extraction-affected regions. Employing an environmental justice framework, we critically explore the operation of these funds in ostensibly helping constituent communities in becoming resilient to the worst effects of the ‘staples trap’. Drawing on secondary demographic and housing data for the region, as well as primary information collected from key respondents from mid-2018 to early 2019, we show that funds were distributed across all of the local government areas, and allocated to projects and places primarily on a perceived economic needs basis. However, concerns were raised with the probity of the funds’ administration. In terms of recognition justice, the participation of smaller and more remote towns and local Indigenous communities was hampered by their structural marginalisation. Procedurally, the funds were criticised for the lack of local consultation taken in the development and approval of projects. While spatially concentrated expenditure may be the most cost-effective use of public monies, we argue that grant application processes should be open, transparent and inclusive, and the outcomes cognisant of the developmental needs of smaller communities, together with the need to foster regional solidarity and coherence.

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Toward Decentralised Sanitary Sewage Collection Systems: A Multiobjective Approach for Cost-Effective and Resilient Designs

Water ◽

10.3390/w13141886 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 1886

Author(s):

Arezoo Zahediasl ◽

Amin E. Bakhshipour ◽

Ulrich Dittmer ◽

Ali Haghighi

Keyword(s):

Treatment Plant ◽

Drainage System ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Optimization Approach ◽

Hydraulic Design ◽

Multiobjective Approach ◽

Layout Generation ◽

Plant Allocation ◽

Problem Solving Process

In recent years, the concept of a centralized drainage system that connect an entire city to one single treatment plant is increasingly being questioned in terms of the costs, reliability, and environmental impacts. This study introduces an optimization approach based on decentralization in order to develop a cost-effective and sustainable sewage collection system. For this purpose, a new algorithm based on the growing spanning tree algorithm is developed for decentralized layout generation and treatment plant allocation. The trade-off between construction and operation costs, resilience, and the degree of centralization is a multiobjective problem that consists of two subproblems: the layout of the networks and the hydraulic design. The innovative characteristics of the proposed framework are that layout and hydraulic designs are solved simultaneously, three objectives are optimized together, and the entire problem solving process is self-adaptive. The model is then applied to a real case study. The results show that finding an optimum degree of centralization could reduce not only the network’s costs by 17.3%, but could also increase its structural resilience significantly compared to fully centralized networks.

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An application of Austrian legal requirements for CSO emissions

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2011.560 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 1081-1088 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Manfred Kleidorfer ◽

Wolfgang Rauch

Keyword(s):

Model Calibration ◽

Model Building ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Combined Sewer Overflows ◽

Sewer System ◽

Legal Requirements ◽

Innovative Methods ◽

Combined Sewer

The Austrian standard for designing combined sewer overflow (CSO) detention basins introduces the efficiency of the combined sewer overflows as an indicator for CSO pollution. Additionally criteria for the ambient water quality are defined, which comprehend six kinds of impacts. In this paper, the Austrian legal requirements are described and discussed by means of hydrological modelling. This is exemplified with the case study Innsbruck (Austria) including a description for model building and model calibration. Furthermore an example is shown in order to demonstrate how – in this case – the overall system performance could be improved by implementing a cost-effective rearrangement of the storage tanks already available at the inflow of the wastewater treatment plant. However, this guideline also allows more innovative methods for reducing CSO emissions as measures for better usage of storage volume or de-centralised treatment of stormwater runoff because it is based on a sewer system simulation.

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GPU-Enabled Serverless Workflows for Efficient Multimedia Processing

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11041438 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1438

Author(s):

Sebastián Risco ◽

Germán Moltó

Keyword(s):

Video Processing ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Multimedia Processing ◽

Computing Services ◽

Video Frames ◽

Open Source Framework ◽

Cloud Infrastructures ◽

Aws Lambda ◽

Runtime Environments

Serverless computing has introduced scalable event-driven processing in Cloud infrastructures. However, it is not trivial for multimedia processing to benefit from the elastic capabilities featured by serverless applications. To this aim, this paper introduces the evolution of a framework to support the execution of customized runtime environments in AWS Lambda in order to accommodate workloads that do not satisfy its strict computational requirements: increased execution times and the ability to use GPU-based resources. This has been achieved through the integration of AWS Batch, a managed service to deploy virtual elastic clusters for the execution of containerized jobs. In addition, a Functions Definition Language (FDL) is introduced for the description of data-driven workflows of functions. These workflows can simultaneously leverage both AWS Lambda for the highly-scalable execution of short jobs and AWS Batch, for the execution of compute-intensive jobs that can profit from GPU-based computing. To assess the developed open-source framework, we executed a case study for efficient serverless video processing. The workflow automatically generates subtitles based on the audio and applies GPU-based object recognition to the video frames, thus simultaneously harnessing different computing services. This allows for the creation of cost-effective highly-parallel scale-to-zero serverless workflows in AWS.

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The potential cost of environmental certification to vegetation management in plantation forests: a New Zealand case study

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x11-022 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 986-993 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Carol A. Rolando ◽

Michael S. Watt ◽

Jerzy A. Zabkiewicz

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Vegetation Management ◽

Rate Of Return ◽

Internal Rate Of Return ◽

Mechanical Control ◽

Vegetation Control ◽

High Productivity ◽

Plantation Forests

Plantation forests certified by the Forest Stewardship Council have restrictions on herbicide use. Since certified plantations are dependant on herbicides for cost-effective vegetation management, compliance requires a shift from current chemical practices. Using New Zealand plantation forests as a case study, discounted cash flow analyses were used to estimate the cost of certification-compliant vegetation control regimes compared with current non-compliant methods. We examined methods that (i) reduce the quantity of herbicides by using spot control and (ii) avoid the use of herbicides by using weed mats, manual, and mechanical control. Cost analyses were undertaken for low-, medium-, and high-productivity sites. The internal rate of return of the non-compliant regime was between 5% and 5.8% across the productivity range. Spot control was cheaper than current non-compliant practice. However, spot control is limited by site suitability and the availability of labour. Non-chemical control methods were expensive relative to other regimes. Reductions in the internal rate of return varied across low- and high-productivity sites between 0.8% and 0.5% for manual control, 1.3% and 0.8% for mechanical control, and 1.7% and 1.0% for weed mats. Meeting the goals of certification while retaining cost-effective vegetation control presents a challenge to the plantation forestry sector.

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Geotextile encased columns (GEC) used as pressure-relief system. Instrumented bridge abutment case study on soft soil

Geotextiles and Geomembranes ◽

10.1016/j.geotexmem.2017.02.003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 227-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

F. Schnaid ◽

D. Winter ◽

A.E.F. Silva ◽

D. Alexiew ◽

V. Küster

Keyword(s):

Soft Soil ◽

Pressure Relief ◽

Bridge Abutment ◽

Relief System

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The Use of Photogrammetry in Piping Design

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part A Power and Process Engineering ◽

10.1243/pime_proc_1983_197_014_02 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 197 (2) ◽

pp. 125-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P A Bracewell ◽

U R Klement

Keyword(s):

Information Retrieval ◽

Mathematical Formulation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Process Industry ◽

Process Plant ◽

Definition Of ◽

High Degree ◽

Positional Data

Piping design for ‘revamp’ projects in the process industry requires the retrieval of large amounts of ‘as-built’ data from existing process plant installations. Positional data with a high degree of accuracy are required. Photogrammetry, the science of measurement from photographs, was identified in Imperial Chemical Industries plc (ICI) as a suitable tool for information retrieval. The mathematical formulation enabling the definition of three-dimensional positions from photographic information is described. The process of using ICI's photogrammetric system for the definition of complete objects such as structures and pipes is illustrated. The need for specialized photogrammetric software for design purposes is explained. A case study describing how the photogrammetric system has been applied is described and graphical outputs from this exercise are shown. It is concluded that this particular photogrammetric system has proved to be a cost effective and accurate tool for the retrieval of ‘as-built’ information.

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