scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium Isolated from Diarrhea Patients in Incheon between 2008 and 2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
Jae-Seon Jang ◽  
Jea-Man Lee ◽  
Young-Woo Gong ◽  
Mi-Yeon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Resistance Patterns

scholarly journals Evolution of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enteritidis (1972–2005)

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jermaine Khumalo ◽  
Bamusi Saidi ◽  
Joshua Mbanga
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Plasmid Profiles ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
The Common ◽  
Veterinary Laboratory ◽  
Epidemiological Information

With the extensive use of antibiotics in livestock production, surveillance revealed an increase in Salmonella resistance to the commonly used antimicrobials in veterinary and public health. This serious threat to health care is further exacerbated by the limited epidemiological information about the common zoonotic agent, Salmonella enteritidis, required to determine antibiotic therapy. The aim was to characterise the antimicrobial resistance patterns of S. enteritidis isolates across different timelines (1972–2005) with accompanying genetic changes being investigated. Thirty-seven stored S. enteritidis isolates were collected from the Central Veterinary Laboratory, Harare, with antimicrobial susceptibility determined against eight antibiotics. Plasmids were isolated to analyse any genetic variation. An overall significant increase in resistance (p < 0.05) to nalidixic acid (0% – 10%), ampicillin (14.3% – 50%), tetracycline (14.3% – 30%) and erythromycin (71.4% – 100%) was observed across the timeline. However, the highest rates of susceptibility were maintained for gentamicin, sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim, kanamycin and chloramphenicol. We report an increase in multidrug resistance (MDR) of 14.2% – 50% with an increase in resistotypes and plasmid profiles across the timeline. Eleven plasmid profiles were obtained in the 37 isolates studied with a minority of isolates (21.6%, 8/37) harbouring a 54 kb plasmid, commonly serovar-specific. A concerning increase in antimicrobial resistance to commonly administered drugs was observed across the timeline. The surge in MDR is of great concern and implies the need for consistent antimicrobial stewardship. No correlation was observed between the plasmid and antibiotic profiles.

Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium Isolates from Clinically Diseased Pigs in Korea

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 1884-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANG-IK OH ◽  
JONG WAN KIM ◽  
MYEONGJU CHAE ◽  
JI-A JUNG ◽  
BYUNGJAE SO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

ABSTRACT This study investigated the prevalence of Salmonella enterica serovar and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from clinically diseased pigs collected from 2008 to 2014 in Korea. Isolates were also characterized according to the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Among 94 Salmonella isolates, 81 (86.2%) were identified as being of the Salmonella Typhimurium serotype, followed by Salmonella Derby (6 of 94, 6.4%), Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:− (4 of 94, 4.3%), Salmonella Enteritidis (2 of 94, 2.1%), and Salmonella Brandenburg (1 of 94, 1.1%). The majority of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were resistant to tetracycline (92.6%), followed by streptomycin (88.9%) and ampicillin (80.2%). Overall, 96.3% of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates showed multidrug-resistant phenotypes and commonly harbored the resistance genes blaTEM (64.9%), flo (32.8%), aadA (55.3%), strA (58.5%), strB (58.5%), sulII (53.2%), and tetA (61.7%). The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of 45 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from individual farms revealed 27 distinct patterns that formed one major and two minor clusters in the dendrogram analysis, suggesting that most of the isolates (91.1%) from diseased pigs were genetically related. These findings can assist veterinarians in the selection of appropriate antimicrobial agents to combat Salmonella Typhimurium infections in pigs. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and genetic status in Salmonella Typhimurium for the detection of emerging resistance trends.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Data, Serovar Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Salmonella Species in Children, Greece 2011-2017: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Grigoris Grivas ◽  
Theano Lagousi ◽  
Georgia Mandilara
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Reference Centre ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Resistance Rates

<p class="Default"><strong><span>Objective. </span></strong><span>This study aimed to describe <em>Salmonella </em>epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance in Greek children over the pe­riod of 2011-2017. </span></p><p class="Default"><strong><span>Materials and Methods. </span></strong><span>A 7-year retrospective study (2011-2017) was performed, based on data recorded by the National Reference Centre for </span><em><span>Salmonella</span></em><span>, among children aged ≤14 years. Epidemiological data, serovar distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns were recorded. </span></p><p class="Default"><strong><span>Results. </span></strong><span>Overall, 2347 <em>Salmonella </em>isolates were collected (27 typhoid-paratyphoid). Salmonellosis cases increased by almost 2-fold in 2017 compared to 2011. The highest rates were reported in August, with infants being the most vulnerable group (17.9%). The majority of isolates were identified in stool samples (91%). Boys slightly outnumbered girls (~1.05:1). <em>Salmonella Enteritidis </em>was the most prevalent serovar (28.5%), followed by <em>Salmo­nella Typhimurium </em>(12.2%) and <em>Salmonella monophasic Typhimurium </em>(10.4%). Non-typhoid isolates displayed low resistance rates to 3</span><span class="A13"><span>rd </span></span><span>generation cephalosporins (1%) and ciprofloxacin (0.3%), while the corresponding resistance of typhoid isolates was 10% and 5% respectively. An increasing trend of <em>Salmonella monophasic Typhimurium </em>was recorded, associated with high rates of multidrug resistance, reaching a percentage of 97.8% in 2017.</span></p><p class="Default"><strong><span>Conclusions. </span></strong><span>Salmonellosis epidemiology in Greek chil­dren is comparable to previously published European data. Antimicrobial resistance rates to 3</span><span class="A13"><span>rd</span></span><span>-generation cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin for non-typhoid and typhoid-paratyphoid remain low. Notably, there is an increasing prevalence of <em>Salmonella monophasic Typhimurium </em>isolates, associated with multiple antimicrobial resistance.</span></p>

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium Isolated from Laying Hens, Table Eggs, and Humans with Respect to Antimicrobial Activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3554
Author(s):  
Rasha M. M. Abou Elez ◽  
Ibrahim Elsohaby ◽  
Nashwa El-Gazzar ◽  
Hala M. N. Tolba ◽  
Eman N. Abdelfatah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Biosynthesized Agnps

Salmonella enterica is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness worldwide. Contaminated poultry products, especially meat and eggs are the main sources of human salmonellosis. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profiles, virulence, and resistance genes of Salmonella Enteritidis (S. enteritidis) and Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) isolated from laying hens, table eggs, and humans, in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The antimicrobial activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) was also evaluated. Salmonella spp. were found in 19.3% of tested samples with laying hens having the highest isolation rate (33.1%). S. Enteritidis) (5.8%), and S. Typhimurium (2.8%) were the dominant serotypes. All isolates were ampicillin resistant (100%); however, none of the isolates were meropenem resistant. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) was detected in 83.8% of the isolates with a multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.21 to 0.57. Most isolates (81.1%) had at least three virulence genes (sopB, stn, and hilA) and none of the isolates harbored the pefA gene; four resistance genes (blaTEM, tetA, nfsA, and nfsB) were detected in 56.8% of the examined isolates. The AgNPs biosynthesized by Aspergillus niveus exhibit an absorption peak at 420 nm with an average size of 27 nm. AgNPs had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 5 µg/mL against S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium isolates and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 6 and 8 µg/mL against S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium isolates, respectively. The bacterial growth and gene expression of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium isolates treated with AgNPs were gradually decreased as storage time was increased. In conclusion, this study indicates that S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium isolated from laying hens, table eggs, and humans exhibits resistance to multiple antimicrobial classes. The biosynthesized AgNPs showed potential antimicrobial activity against MDR S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium isolates. However, studies to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness of the biosynthesized AgNPs in laying hen farms are warranted.

scholarly journals Investigating the Meat Pathway as a Source of Human Nontyphoidal Salmonella Bloodstream Infections and Diarrhea in East Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A Crump ◽  
Kate M Thomas ◽  
Jackie Benschop ◽  
Matthew A Knox ◽  
David A Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Produce Water

Abstract Background Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium are major causes of bloodstream infection and diarrheal disease in East Africa. Sources of human infection, including the role of the meat pathway, are poorly understood. Methods We collected cattle, goat, and poultry meat pathway samples from December 2015 through August 2017 in Tanzania and isolated Salmonella using standard methods. Meat pathway isolates were compared with nontyphoidal serovars of Salmonella enterica (NTS) isolated from persons with bloodstream infections and diarrheal disease from 2007 through 2017 from Kenya by core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST). Isolates were characterized for antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and diversity. Results We isolated NTS from 164 meat pathway samples. Of 172 human NTS isolates, 90 (52.3%) from stool and 82 (47.7%) from blood, 53 (30.8%) were Salmonella Enteritidis sequence type (ST) 11 and 62 (36.0%) were Salmonella Typhimurium ST313. We identified cgMLST clusters within Salmonella Enteritidis ST11, Salmonella Heidelberg ST15, Salmonella Typhimurium ST19, and Salmonella II 42:r:- ST1208 that included both human and meat pathway isolates. Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 was isolated exclusively from human samples. Human and poultry isolates bore more antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes and were less diverse than isolates from other sources. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the meat pathway may be an important source of human infection with some clades of Salmonella Enteritidis ST11 in East Africa, but not of human infection by Salmonella Typhimurium ST313. Research is needed to systematically examine the contributions of other types of meat, animal products, produce, water, and the environment to nontyphoidal Salmonella disease in East Africa.

Distribution and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella enterica Hypermutators in Retail Food in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1481-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
YIN WANG ◽  
CHONGYANG LIU ◽  
ZENGFENG ZHANG ◽  
YUANYUAN HU ◽  
CHENYANG CAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Retail Food ◽  
Salmonella Heidelberg

Hypermutable pathogens can easily acquire mutation opportunities, as well as antimicrobial resistance, and are tremendous hazards to food safety and public health. In this study, a total of 96 (7.6%) hypermutators were identified from 1,264 Salmonella isolates recovered from retail foods. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that hypermutators were genetically diverse. Amino acid substitution of Val421Phe was detected in MutS in one hypermutator and Val246Ala in 56 other hypermutators, while no mutation in MutS was found among the remaining 39 hypermutators. Hypermutators in Salmonella isolates recovered in 2010 (9.3%) and 2008 (7.7%) were significantly more prevalent than those in 2007 (1.4%). The rate of hypermutators in mutton (22.2%) was significantly higher than that in chicken (7.9%) and pork (4.7%). In Salmonella Leimo isolates (60.0%), hypermutators were most frequently detected, followed by Salmonella Essen (50.0%), Salmonella Indiana (36.6%), Salmonella Kallo (25.0%), Salmonella Heidelberg (23.8%), Salmonella Typhimurium (14.0%), Salmonella Shubra (13.0%), Salmonella Albany (11.1%), Salmonella Agona (7.0%), Salmonella Gueuletapee (6.3%), and Salmonella Enteritidis (1.7%). Salmonella hypermutators in isolates recovered from retail food stored at ambient temperature (15.7%) were significantly more prevalent than those stored in chilled (3.1%) and frozen (5.4%) condition. The overall distributions of mutation frequencies of the 96 hypermutators (selected by rifampin) were from 2.16 × 10−5 to 4.25 × 10−1. Mutation frequencies of hypermutators of Salmonella Leimo, Salmonella Essen, Salmonella Kallo, and Salmonella Agona were relative low, while those of Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Indiana, and Salmonella Shubra were extremely high. No significant correlation was found between mutation frequency and antimicrobial resistance of the hypermutators.

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