scholarly journals Prediction equations for digestible and metabolizable energy concentrations in feed ingredients and diets for pigs based on chemical composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-311
Author(s):  
Jung Yeol Sung ◽  
Beob Gyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Gross Energy

Objective: The objectives were to develop prediction equations for digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of feed ingredients and diets for pigs based on chemical composition and to evaluate the accuracy of the equations using <i>in vivo</i> data.Methods: A total of 734 data points from 81 experiments were employed to develop prediction equations for DE and ME in feed ingredients and diets. The CORR procedure of SAS was used to determine correlation coefficients between chemical components and energy concentrations and the REG procedure was used to generate prediction equations. Developed equations were tested for the accuracy according to the regression analysis using <i>in vivo</i> data.Results: The DE and ME in feed ingredients and diets were most negatively correlated with acid detergent fiber or neutral detergent fiber (NDF; r = –0.46 to r = –0.67; p<0.05). Three prediction equations for feed ingredients reflected <i>in vivo</i> data well as follows: DE = 728+0.76×gross energy (GE)–25.18×NDF (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.64); ME = 965+0.66×GE–24.62×NDF (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.60); ME = 1,133+0.65×GE–29.05×ash–23.17×NDF (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.67).Conclusion: In conclusion, the equations suggested in the current study would predict energy concentration in feed ingredients and diets.

Nutritive values of double-low rapeseed expellers and rapeseed meal with or without supplementation of multi-enzyme in pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-738
Author(s):  
Peili Li ◽  
Zhiqian Lyu ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Bingbing Huang ◽  
Changhua Lai
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of adding multi-enzyme on the available energy concentration and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids of double-low rapeseed expellers (RSE) and rapeseed meal (RSM) fed to growing pigs. In Experiment 1, a total of 36 growing barrows were fed six diets in a replicated 3 × 2 factorial design. Diets included a corn–soybean meal basal diet, RSE diet, and RSM diet with or without multi-enzyme (1000 U g−1 of cellulase, 10 000 U g−1 of xylanase, 2000 U g−1 of glucanase, and 10 000 U g−1 of protease). In Experiment 2, a total of 30 crossbred pigs were randomly allotted to five diets consisting of a nitrogen-free diet and four cornstarch-based diets containing RSE or RSM with or without multi-enzyme. Multi-enzyme supplementation significantly improved (P < 0.05) the metabolizable energy (ME) value and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, and it tended to increase (P < 0.10) the ATTD of gross energy and digestible energy in ingredients. With the exception of phenylalanine, multi-enzyme supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the SID of crude protein (CP) and all amino acids (AA) in ingredients. Multi-enzyme supplementation enhanced fiber degradation and increased the ME value and SID of CP as well as most AA in double-low rapeseed co-products fed to pigs.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and energetic values of wheat and its sub-products for broiler chicken

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 3481
Author(s):  
Jomara Broch ◽  
Newton Tavares Escocard de Oliveira ◽  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Jeffersson Rafael Henz ◽  
Idiana Mara da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Gross Energy

<p>The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), AME corrected by nitrogen retention (AMEn) and metabolization coefficients (MC and MCn) of different feeds for broilers from the western region of Paraná State. The experiment was conducted at the Physiology of Birds Laboratory at UNIOESTE. Two hundred and sixty male chicks of the Cobb 500 strain, at 21 days old, were distributed in a randomized design with 12 treatments and four replicates of five birds per experimental unit. The feed ingredients studied were ten different wheat middlings, one triticale, one wheat grain and a reference diet. Values for dry matter, nitrogen, gross energy, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, mineral matter, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and magnesium composition were determined as well as the geometric mean diameter of the feed particles. To determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and AME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) the total excreta collection method was used with growing birds. The chemical composition of the feeds was variable. The values for AME and AMEn ranged from 1. 819-2. 958 and 1. 734-2. 882 kcal. kg-1, respectively. Based on these energetic values and the values for gross energy, the coefficients of metabolizability were calculated. The values ranged from 43. 26-75. 24% for MC and from 42. 28- 73. 31% for MCn.</p>

scholarly journals Yield, chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, in vitro ruminal variables, and degradability of ensiled amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) cultivars compared with corn (Zea mays) silage

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Shadi ◽  
Yousef Rouzbehan ◽  
Javad Rezaei ◽  
Hassan Fazaeli
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria

Abstract Silages from four amaranth varieties (A5, A12, A14, and A28) were compared with corn silage (CS) in terms of their yield, chemical composition, phenolic compounds, oxalic acid and nitrate levels, silage fermentation characteristics, in vitro methane production, organic matter disappearance (OMD), microbial crude protein (MCP), ruminal ammonia (NH3-N), pH, volatile fatty acids, cellulolytic bacteria numbers, protozoa counts, and in situ dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradability were determined. Forages were harvested 93 d after planting, chopped, and ensiled in plastic buckets for 60 d. The study was based on a randomized complete block design, and data were analyzed using SAS, general linear model (GLM) procedure for normal distribution. Compared with CS, amaranth silages (AMS) had lower ash-free neutral detergent fiber nitrate, OMD (P &lt; 0.001), phosphorus (P = 0.003), and metabolizable energy (ME) (P = 0.043) but higher (P &lt; 0.001) CP, calcium, non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), acid detergent lignin, ether extract, ash, total phenolics, pH, NH3-N concentration, MCP, digestible undegradable protein (DUP), and metabolizable protein (MP). Fresh, OM, OMD, ME (P &lt; 0.001), and DM (P = 0.032) yields of AMS from different varieties were higher than CS, with the exception of A5. Overall, amaranth made good quality silage, with some variation, and A28 had the highest yield and nutritional value (CP, NFC, MCP, DUP, and MP). The yield, CP concentration, and nutritional value of A28 silage were higher than CS. Although these in vitro results are promising, they also need to be validated with future in vivo research.

scholarly journals 223 Evaluation of dietary characteristics and empty body chemical components affecting the relationship between heat production and metabolizable energy intake in growing beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 158-159
Author(s):  
Phillip A Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Metabolizable energy required for maintenance varies with diet and empty body chemical composition. The objective was to quantify the relationships of dietary characteristics and empty body chemical composition with heat production. A literature search was performed to compile data (31 studies, 214 treatment means) on metabolizable energy intake (MEI) and composition of empty body gain in growing steers and heifers. Data analysis were performed using R statistical package for mixed models with study as random variable. Nonlinear regression of energy gain (EG) on MEI indicated the relationship was not curvilinear in this data set, likely due to lack of negative values of EG. Further analyses were conducted using a linear model. Dietary characteristics of roughage level (0–100% of diet DM) and CP (10–25% diet DM), metabolizable energy concentration (1.3–3.3 Mcal/kg DM), and roughage type were evaluated in the model. Roughage sources were categorized into no roughage, silage, hay, pellets, silage + pellets, and hay + pellets. Of the empty body chemical components, proportion of fat in the empty body (EBFp) and in the gain (EBFgp) had a significant (P &lt; 0.001) interaction with MEI on HP. Of the dietary characteristics, roughage level and type had a significant (P &lt; 0.001) interaction with MEI on HP; however, when both were included in the model, roughage type was not significant (P &gt; 0.10). The final model was 47.01 ± 12.54 + 0.630 ± 0.05*MEI – 132.3 ± 64.7*EBFp + 0.0007 ± 0.0001*MEI*Roughage level + 0.753 ± 0.24*MEI*EBFp – 0.268 ± 0.032*MEI*EBFgp with an R2 of 0.919 and an AIC of 1614 compared with 0.867 and 1695 for the simple linear regression model of HP on MEI. In conclusion, greater empty body fat decreased the intercept, and greater empty body fat proportion and levels of roughage in the diet increased the slope between HP and MEI, whereas greater percentage of fat in the empty body gain decreased the slope between HP and MEI.

scholarly journals Prediction of metabolizable energy values in poultry offal meal for broiler chickens

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237-2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edney Pereira da Silva ◽  
Carlos Bôa-Viagem Rabello ◽  
Luiz Fernando Teixeira Albino ◽  
Jorge Victor Ludke ◽  
Michele Bernardino de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Gross Energy

This research aimed at generating and evaluating prediction equations to estimate metabolizable energy values in poultry offal meal. The used information refers to values of apparent and true metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn and TMEn) and for chemical composition of poultry offal meal. The literature review only included published papers on poultry offal meal developed in Brazil, and that had AMEn and TMEn values obtained by the total excreta collection method from growing broiler chickens and the chemical composition in crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), mineral matter (MM), gross energy (GE), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). The general equation obtained to estimate AMEn values of poultry offal meal was: AMEn = -2315.69 + 31.4439(CP) + 29.7697(MM) + 0.7689(GE) - 49.3611(Ca), R² = 72%. For meals with high fat contents (higher than 15%) and low mineral matter contents (lower than 10%), it is suggest the use of the equation AMEn = + 3245.07 + 46.8428(EE), R² = 76%, and for meals with high mineral matter content (higher than 10%), it is suggest the equations AMEn = 4059.15 - 440.397(P), R² = 82%. To estimate values of TMEn, it is suggested for meals with high mineral matter content the equation: TMEn = 5092.57 - 115.647(MM), R² = 78%, and for those with low contents of this component, the option is the equation: TMEn = 3617.83 - 15.7988(CP) - 18.2323(EE) - 96.3884(MM) + 0.4874(GE), R² = 76%.

Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of nine plant species from Semnan rangeland for camel in Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 233-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Towhidi ◽  
Farnoush Rostami ◽  
Reza Masoumi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Arid Rangelands

In Iran, Javan (2001) has reported the digestibility some arid rangelands plants by bovine rumen liquor. The determination of in vivo digestibility of wheat straw implies that camel apparently digested poor quality roughages more than cattle and sheep (Cianci et al., 2004). Therefore, It is required to measure the in vitro digestibility of herbages by camel rumen liquor. In province of yazd, nutritive value of 11 different plant species for camel were determined (Towhidi, 2007). The objectives of the current study were to determine 1) the chemical composition, gross energy of the most consuming plant species from rangeland of Semnan province including Seidlitzia rosmarinu, Tamarix tetragyna, Tamarix strica, Halostachys spp, Saudea fruticosa., Alhagi camelorum, Haloxylon ammondendron., Salsola arbescola, Hammada salicornica and, 2) in vitro digestibility of the plants by camel rumen liquor.

scholarly journals Effect of crude glycerol on in-vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Peripolli ◽  
Ênio Rosa Prates ◽  
Júlio Otávio Jardim Barcellos ◽  
Cássio André Wilbert ◽  
Cláudia Medeiros Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation

The interest in using crude glycerol in animal feeding has reemerged due to its increasing availability and favorable price resulting from the expansion of biofuel industry. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of substituting corn for crude glycerol at different levels in the diet on ruminal fermentation using in-vitro true digestibility parameters. The experimental treatments consisted of substituting corn for liquid crude glycerol (0; 4; 8 and 12%) in dry matter basis. Diets consisted of 60% alfalfa hay and 40% corn and glycerol substituted the corn in the diet. In addition to the 48 hours traditionally applied in digestibility assays, different in-vitro digestibility times were used (0; 4; 8; 16; 48, 72 and 96 hours) in order to study digestion kinetics. The dietary corn substitution for increasing crude glycerol levels did not affect ammonia nitrogen content, metabolizable energy content, in-vitro digestibility of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber, nor ruminal degradation parameters. However this by-product of biodiesel production may be tested in-vivo as an alternative energy feedstuff in ruminant diets.

scholarly journals Validating prediction equations of metabolizable energy of soybean meal for growing pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4541
Author(s):  
Tiago Junior Pasquetti ◽  
Paulo Cesar Pozza ◽  
Newton Tavares Escocard de Oliveira ◽  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Doglas Batista Lazzeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

The aim of this study was to evaluate equations to predict the metabolizable energy (ME) of soybean meal (SBM) for swine. Seven SBM were used, which were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ash, calcium, phosphorus, solubility in potassium hydroxide (KOH) and urease index. To determine the ME of SBM, 32 barrows, with an average initial weight of 29.01 ± 3.64 kg, were used and distributed in a randomized blocks design, with seven treatments and four replicates. To validate the prediction equations, linear regression models were adjusted, using observed values of ME (metabolism trial) as a function of the estimated ME (obtained by applying the chemical composition of the SBM in selected equations found in the literature). The existence of regression was evaluated by the “t” test, partially applied to each parameter (?0 and ?1). The validation of the prediction models of first degree was obtained by accepting the joint null hypothesis ?0 = 0 and ?1 = 1. The equations ME = 5.42 - 17.2FDN - 19.4MM + 0.709GE and ME= 1099 + 0.740GE - 5.5MM - 3.7NDF are effective for estimating the ME of SBM for growing pigs.

scholarly journals Storage and digestibility, voluntary intake and chemical components of hay of five tropical grasses

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-543
Author(s):  
Angel V. Méndez-Cruz ◽  
Norma Corchado-Juarbe ◽  
Víctor Siberio-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake

An evaluation of the hay obtained from tropical grasses coastcross I (Cynodon dactylon), stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis), callie (Cynodon plectostachyus), slenderstem (Digitaria pentzii), and guinea (Panicum maximum) was made at three harvest intervals (35-, 45-, and 55-day) and four storage periods (γ than 4, 4 to 8, 8 to 12, and < than 12 months). In vivo dry matter digestibility and voluntary intake trials were performed with Holstein steers, weighing from 340 to 390 kg. Mean digestibility was 60.8%, 56.8% and 55.0%, respectively, for 35-, 45- and 55-day harvest intervals. The mean reduction caused by storage was from 60.8 to 50.6%, from 56.8 to 48.8%, and from 55.0 to 47.2% for the 35-, 45-, and 55-day intervals, respectively. The lower digestibility values were measured in callie. Voluntary intake declined 12, 18, and 17% and the digested dry matter voluntary intake declined from 1.47 to 1.1%, from 1.31 to 0.9%, and from 1.15 to 0.82%. Crude protein content decreased by 17.0, 15.4, and 15.6% for the respective intervals. The major detrimental effect in hay quality was observed after a 12-month storage. Plant maturity influenced the mean increase of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from 69.7 to 72.6 and 76.6%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) from 37.9 to 43.4 and 47.7%; and lignin content, from 5.2 to 9.3% for the three growth intervals. This increase was 9, 16, and 42% for each parameter. However, as storage effect, NDF, ADF, and lignin content were raised by 4.3%, 12.3%, and 5.0%, respectively.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of whole-crop maize fertilized with synthetic fertilizer or digestate and harvested at two maturity stages in Boreal growing conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽  
Shaimaa Selim ◽  
Seija Jaakkola ◽  
Pirjo S.A. Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer

Maize cultivation for silage could be a sustainable option in Boreal conditions, especially when combined with nutrient recycling. Effects of digestate (sludge from biogas of domestic origin) application in comparison with synthetic fertilizer and two maturity stages on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of whole-crop maize were investigated. Starch, neutral detergent fiber, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and digestible organic matter (DOM) contents of maize did not differ in response to the two fertilizer treatments. However, starch, DOM and metabolizable energy of maize increased, while ash, crude protein and WSC contents decreased with increasing maize maturity. Heavy metals in maize fertilized with digestate remained low. The results indicate that whole-crop maize fertilized with digestate and harvested at 150 days after sowing is a promising feed and has good nutritive value, even in Boreal conditions.

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