Tracking Cahokians through Material Culture

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Boles
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Trade Network ◽  
Cultural Centers ◽  
Pros And Cons

Discussions on the rise and fall of great cities or nations typically entails a list of contributing factors leading to and from florescence. What is often lacking in broad discussions is the tracking of people to and from such cultural centers. In this article, I focus on Cahokia, the largest prehistoric city north of Mexico, and explore the various types of recognizable Cahokia artifacts found scattered in all directions from the site. While I weigh the pros and cons of using these items, I argue that flint clay figurines and pipes were likely associated with the migration of Cahokian religious leaders. This notion counters the oft-cited trade network or exchange of elite goods theories assumed to account for the disbursal of such items outside greater Cahokia.

Ethiopian Jewish Ascetic Religious Communities

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bar Kribus
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Ascetic Communities ◽  
Ethiopian Jews

The Betä Isra'el (Ethiopian Jews) have a unique history and religious tradition, one of the most fascinating aspects of which are the mäloksocc, commonly referred to as monks in scholarly and popular literature. The mäloksocc served as the supreme religious leaders of the Betä Isra'el and were charged with educating and initiating Betä Isra'el priests. They lived in separate compounds and observed severe purity laws prohibiting physical contact with the laity. Thus, they are the only known example in medieval and modern Jewry of ascetic communities withdrawing from the secular world and devoting themselves fully to religious life. This book presents the results of the first comprehensive research ever conducted on the way of life and material culture of the ascetic religious communities of the Betä Isra'el. A major part of this research is an archaeological survey, during which these religious centres were located and documented in detail for the first time.

scholarly journals THE INEVITABILITY OF CORRUPTION FOR A STABLE PAKISTANI SOCIETY IN THE LIGHT OF QURAN & SUNNAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Ahmad Raza ◽  
Dr. Hidayat Khan
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Illegal Behavior ◽  
The Face ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Day By Day

Corruption is a dishonest or illegal behavior especially by powerful people such as government officials or police officers. [i]Corruption is a distraction to the face of society, and society has become a victim of recent misery. Every other person in our society is suffering from this disease. Political leaders, religious leaders, teachers, judges, employees, businessmen and the masses are suffering from this disease. While it is true to some extent that some political leaders have set records of corruption, it is not right to put it on the politicians alone. Corruption has reached its peak in every sector and institution here. Due to corruption, the wealth of the particular classes is increasing day by day and there is no one to hold them accountable. In such a dire situation, the oppressed and the masses are being humiliated in the oppression mill. Therefore, this curse should be abolished by Pakistani society and individuals should play their full role in the society as a whole. The key question is: What are the pros and cons of corruption in Pakistan and how is it possible for stability in the light of Islamic teachings to end corruption? Recommendations have also been compiled at the conclusion of the dissertation.

scholarly journals Islam Nusantara, ulemas, and social media: understanding the pros and cons of Islam Nusantara among ulemas of West Sumatera

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-188
Author(s):  
Ridwan Benny ◽  
Iswandi Syahputra ◽  
Azhari Akmal Tarigan ◽  
Fatahuddin Aziz Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Opinion Leader ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Opinion Maker ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Depth Interviews

The concept of Islam Nusantara, which is defined as Islam that accommodates the customs and culture of the (Indonesian) Archipelago, has been rejected by the West Sumatera branch of Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI). Meanwhile, other groups in West Sumatera support the Islam Nusantara concept. This article explains the pros and cons of Islam Nusantara among religious leaders in West Sumatera in the context of social media activities. Ulemas rejected Islam Nusantara in West Sumatera based on the perspective that Islam as a religion has reached peak perfection, adding the word Nusantara is, thus, unnecessary. Other religious leaders in West Sumatera have embraced Islam Nusantara based on the view that in terms of customs in Minangkabau, the principle of Adaik Bersandi Syarak, Syarak Bersandi Kitabullah is followed. This is a field study employing the qualitative method of approach. Data were obtained via in-depth interviews with four West Sumatran religious figures (ulemas) and subsequently analyzed in an interpretative and descriptive manner. The findings in this study show that the ulemas’ rejection of Islam Nusantara via Facebook indicates a shift in the definition of ulemas as religious leaders to that of opinion makers. This is a new finding that has never been studied before as it places the pros and cons of Islam Nusantara within the context of virtual culture. Consequently, this study has implications on the definition of ulemas as religious leaders overlapping with their part as opinion makers and opinion leaders in the current era of new media.Gagasan Islam Nusantara sebagai Islam yang mengakomodir adat dan budaya Nusantara ditolak kehadirannya oleh Majelis Ulama Indonesia wilayah Sumatera Barat. Sementara itu terdapat kelompok lain yang mendukung gagasan Islam Nusantara di Sumatera Barat. Artikel ini menjelaskan pro dan kontra di antara pemuka agama tentang Islam Nusantara di Sumatera Barat dalam konteks aktivitas di media sosial. Islam Nusantara di tolak oleh Ulama di Sumatera Barat didasari oleh pandangan umum bahwa Islam sebagai agama telah mencapai sempurna, sehingga tidak diperlukan penambahan kata Nusantara. Sedangkan pemuka agama lainnya menerima Islam Nusantara di Sumatera Barat karena didasari oleh pandangan umum bahwa adat di Minangkabau Sumatera Barat berpegang pada prinsip Adaik Bersandi Syarak, Syarak Bersandi Kitabullah. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap empat pemuka agama (ulama) di Sumatera Barat. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas ulama yang menolak Islam Nusantara melalui facebook menggambarkan pergeseran makna Ulama dari religius leader ke opinion maker. Namun pergeseran tersebut justru mengokohkan ulama sebagai pemilik otoritas keagamaan. Temuan ini dapat berimplikasi pada terminologi ulama sebagai religius leader pada era media baru akan berhimpitan dengan terminologi opinion maker dan opinion leader sebagai terminologi baru pada era media baru.

scholarly journals Drug-Substance Abuse, Age at Onset and Contributing Factors to Stoppage of Drug Use among Students in Aluu Community

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
Chigozie Njoku ◽  
Vivian Oparah
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Drug Substance ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personal Decision

Background: Most drug-substance abusers do have withdrawal symptoms considering the type of drug. Some of the symptoms include: changes in appetite, changes in mood, congestion, seizure, fatigue etc. These symptoms make it difficult for someone to effectively withdraw. It therefore means that for someone to effectively withdraw from drug abuse, there are other factors that must come into play to enhance success. Hence, this study was done to determine the contributing factors to stoppage of drug use among students in university of Port Harcourt’s host communities as an attempt to curb the menace and its effect on students and the entire society at large. Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in ALUU Community in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State between August 2019 and December 2019. The study involved 150 volunteers recruited randomly through a multi-staged sampling technique which included secondary school students, undergraduates who are 13yrs and above residing in ALUU community while those who did not give consent were excluded. The data was collected using self-structured close-ended self-administered questionnaires and data analysis done using SPSS version 25.  Results and Discussions: The results of the study showed that the proportion of students that have stopped drug/substance abuse was 7.34%, the most prevalent age group at onset of drug use was 16-18yrs, and 26.42% of students used drugs/substance daily. The most prevalent reason for stopping drug use was personal decision 54.55%, while the least proportion was other reason 9.09%; Family and religious leaders had equal influence (45.45%) in the stoppage of drug/substance use by students. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the most prevalent reason for stopping drug use was personal decision 54.55%, Family and religious leaders (45.45%) were the major contributing factors and had equal influence in the stoppage of drug/substance use by students.

scholarly journals Commodification of The Mangalahat Horbo Bius Ritual on The Samosir Island North Sumatra: A Controversial Show

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Mangihut Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Social Practice Theory ◽  
Ritual Performance ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Attitude Research ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Government ◽  
North Sumatra

The mangalahat horbo bius ritual is a Batak tradition to offer the best sacrifice to God called Mulajadi na Bolon. This tradition is carried out since they still adhere to the parbaringin flow. The entry of Dutch colonialism into Tapanuli resulted in this tradition being a forbidden tradition. In 2008, the government of Samosir Regency raised this tradition as a show of its purpose as a tourist attraction. Since it was made into a show, there were pros and cons in the community. To explore this attitude research needs to be done. This study uses a qualitative method. The researcher chose the informant purposively followed by the snowball technique. Selected informants: government, religious leaders, and traditional leaders. Data analysis was carried out from the time the study began until the inductive analytic descriptive research results. Theories used as analysis: the theory of power/ knowledge discourse, postcolonial theory, commodification theory, and social practice theory. The theory is used eclectically. The results showed that this ritual performance was counterproductive in increasing the number of visits.

Collectors and Museums

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Manning Stevens
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indigenous Culture ◽  
Cultural Centers ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines the history of museums as it relates to American Indians in the United States, from the eighteenth century to the present. The chapter takes into account the often troubling use of the museum to depict indigenous societies as exotic relics of the past, while at the same time alienating artifacts of their material culture from them. In order to better understand the rise of museums and cultural centers created and run by Native peoples in recent decades, it is first necessary to understand both the histories and the practices of non-Indian run museums that demanded this necessary corrective from within indigenous communities. The chapter concludes with three examples of contemporary indigenous culture centers.

“Classical” versus “Ancient” in the Near Eastern Canon

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-150
Author(s):  
Elise A. Friedland
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Art History ◽  
Near East ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Art Historians

Despite art historians’ inclination to expand the narrative of the Near East into the Graeco-Roman period, there is no published survey of the art and archaeology of the classical Near East. Likewise, handbooks of classical and general art history underrepresent the Levant. This chapter explores that lacuna through three canonical examples from the Levant, which are typically represented in these handbooks, and one canon-worthy example that is not. It addresses contributing factors to this lacuna: the dynamic politics of the Graeco-Roman Levant, disciplinary and historiographic biases, and the nature of the evidence. Finally, it exhorts specialists to publish a classical Near East survey representing the full range of sites, architecture, monuments, media, and styles from 330 BCE to 636 CE. Without such a handbook, material culture from the region is rarely interpreted within its historical, political, and artistic contexts and is more often (mis)represented in the broader narrative of world art history.

Museum collections

2020 ◽  
pp. 1171-1186
Author(s):  
Campbell Price
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Trade Network ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
Popular Appeal ◽  
Audience Awareness ◽  
Antiquities Trade ◽  
Material Record

Egyptological museum collections are the principal means of interacting physically with pharaonic material culture. Such collections of objects have a partial, often fragmentary, nature and are usually biased in favour of monumental and funerary sources. This chapter delineates the background to the acquisition of objects and the formation of museum collections—notably through the elaborate antiquities trade network rather than through archaeological ‘discovery’. The resulting museum representations of ‘ancient Egypt’ attempt to elide many gaps in the material record to form a coherent (but often simplistic) narrative. Museums attempt to balance conservation, accessibility and research, while utilizing the popular appeal of ‘ancient Egypt’ to engage with a wide audience. Awareness of these factors is important in understanding Egyptology’s reconstruction of pharaonic civilization.

scholarly journals RECITATION OF WEDDING AGREEMENTS IN ISLAM: STUDY ON SAMBAS MALAY SOCIETY OF WEST KALIMANTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Asman Asman
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Right ◽  
Husband And Wife

After the consent is granted in the marriage of a husband and wife, the recitation of taklik talak takes place as part of a marriage agreement in Islam. This research is based on the consideration of the pros and cons of the Sambas Malay community, especially religious leaders regarding the marriage agreement called taklik talak in Islam. With a qualitative research method that is a phenomenological approach in the field, the author described how taklik talak exists as a marriage agreement in Islam and its application to the Sambas Malay community. The fact is that almost every married couple in the Malay community of Sambas does not say taklik talak by the husband to his wife after the consent is granted, only knowing it has been written or included in the marriage book without notification to the husband and wife. Although it is not obligatory to verbally express the taklik talak which is already written on the marriage certificate, once the taklik talak has been read out, it cannot be challenged again. If an agreement that has been agreed with a husband and wife is not fulfilled by one of the parties, then the other party has the right to submit the matter to the Religious Court to resolve it. The results in the study concluded that the pros and cons of implementing taklik talak as a marriage agreement in Islam were caused by a lack of knowledge of the Marriage Law Number 1 of 1974 Article 29 concerning Marriage Agreement and Islamic Law Compilation (KHI) Article 46 concerning taklik talak as well as the lack of exposure from the KUA through religious counselors and BP4 to premarital couples  in Sambas.

scholarly journals Environmental Degradation and Poverty in Amansie Traditional Area: Investigating the Contributing Factors and the Role of Religion

2020 ◽  
pp. 290-296
Author(s):  
Charles Ampofo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Ripple Effect ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The People ◽  
Traditional Area ◽  
Role Of Religion

Environmental degradation and poverty are challenges faced in most parts of the world, and the global quest by some researchers to know the role religious bodieson should play in relation to these issues of concern continues unabated. The ripple effect of these challenges manifests in many areas such as socially, economically, morally, and spiritually. However, the prevailing factors within localities vary, hence requiring wholistic investigations peculiar to a community. Notably, these challenges cannot only be addressed by Government hence the call on Religious Bodiesn as an institution to assist in curbing this menace. This paper investigates the factors contributing to environmental degradation and poverty in Amansie Traditional Area and the role religion should play in addressing these challenges. Questionnaires and interviews were administered to assess these factors from townsfolks, religious leaders, institution heads, and other stakeholders. The results revealed significant factors contributing to these challenges and the roles both African Tradition and Christianity should play in addressing these challenges. The study recommends a strong collaborative effort from all stakeholders, especially religious institutions, in educating and sensitizing the people of Amansie on the issues of environmental sustainability and poverty alleviation.

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