Parental Alienation: In the child’s worst interest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa C. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parental Alienation ◽  
Psychological Harm ◽  
Alienating Parent

Parental alienation (PA) is a form of childhood emotional abuse in which one parent instrumentally uses the child to inflict psychological harm on the other parent for revenge. The consequences of parental alienating behaviours range from mild (e.g., the child shows a certain resistance towards visiting the targeted parent but warm parenting is still possible) to severe, where the positive affective parent–child bond is severed and extremely difficult to reinstate under family therapy. In PA processes, parenting is disrupted with the targeted parent and dysfunctional with the alienating parent. Consequently, the child is at a high risk of developing internalising (e.g., depression, anxiety) and externalising (e.g., use of drugs/alcohol, violence) problems during later developmental stages and through the lifespan. Although the prevalence and severity of PA cases in our societies are largely unknown, in part because the construct is still an ongoing debate among academics, practitioners and family justice professionals, different authors defend that it should be treated as a public health problem. Early prevention should be the primary objective and family justice, child protection and mental health services must coordinate efforts to support the families and promote the best conditions for the development of affected children.

scholarly journals Perchance to Dream: Pathology, Pharmacology, and Politics in a 24-Hour Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-305
Author(s):  
IAIN BRASSINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Share Price ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Health It ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Lack Of Sleep

Abstract:The lack of sleep is a significant problem in the modern world. The structure of the economy means that 24 hour working is required from some of us, sometimes because we are expected to be able to respond to share-price fluctuations on the other side of the planet, sometimes because we are expected to serve kebabs to people leaving nightclubs, and sometimes because lives depend on it. The immediate effect is that we feel groggy; but there may be much more sinister long-term effects of persistent sleep deprivation and disruption, the evidence for which is significant, and worth taking seriously. If sleeplessness has a serious impact on health, it represents a notable public health problem. In this article, I sketch that problem, and look at how exploiting the pharmacopoeia (or a possible future pharmacopoeia) might allow us to tackle it. I also suggest that using drugs to mitigate or militate against sleeplessness is potentially morally and politically fraught, with implications for social justice. Hence, whatever reasons we have to use drugs to deal with the problems of sleeplessness, we ought to be careful.

scholarly journals Neutralization against B.1.351 and B.1.617.2 with sera of COVID-19 recovered cases and vaccinees of BBV152

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragya D Yadav ◽  
Gajanan Sapkal ◽  
Raches Ella ◽  
Rima R Sahay ◽  
Dimpal A Nyayanit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
Neutralization Titer ◽  
Protective Response ◽  
Neutralization Potential ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Health Organization

Recently, multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have been detected across the globe.The recent emergence of B.1.617 lineage has created serious public health problem in India. The high transmissibility was observed with this lineage which has led to daily increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Apparently, the sub-lineage B.1.617.2 has slowly dominated the other variants including B1617.1, B.617.3 and B.1.1.7. With this, World Health Organization has described B.1.617.2 as variant of concern. Besides this, variant of concern B.1.351 has been also reported from India, known to showreducedefficacyfor many approved vaccines. With the increasing threat of the SARS-CoV-2 variants, it is imperative to assess the efficacy of the currently available vaccines against these variants. Here, we have evaluated the neutralization potential of sera collected from COVID-19 recovered cases (n=20) and vaccinees with two doses of BBV152 (n=17) against B.1.351 and B.1.617.2 compared to the prototype B.1 (D614G) variant.The finding of the study demonstrated a reduction in neutralization titers with sera of COVID-19 recovered cases(3.3-fold and 4.6-fold) and BBV152 vaccinees (3. 0 and 2.7 fold) against B.1.351 and B.1.617.2 respectively. Although, there is reduction in neutralization titer, the whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV152) demonstrates protective response against VOC B.1351 and B.1.617.2.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Risk Factors for the Development of Bacteraemia in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 2023-2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Yousef Mojtahedi ◽  
Aliakbar Rahbarimanesh ◽  
Leila Khedmat ◽  
Anahita Izadi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Severe Sepsis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of

AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of risk factors for bacteremia in children less than 15 years of age was determined in Bahrami Hospital during 2013-2016. METHODS: This study conducted on 84 children aged 3 months’ to15 years old, who hospitalised in the pediatrics ward and the PICU in Bahrami Hospital from 2012 to 2016. Our study consisted of 46 boys (54.2%) and 38 girls. Moreover, 24.1% of subjects (20 patients) were entered in the study as young as three months old, followed by three months to three years (49.4 %; 41 subjects), and 3 to 15 years of age (26.5%; 22 individuals). RESULTS: The average hospitalization duration was determined to be 15.30 ± 8.75 days. Moreover, our results revealed that a history of blood transfusion in 11.2% of patients. On the other hand, 35.7% of cases were determined to be positive for blood cultures. The microorganisms reported from positive blood cultures include Enterobacter (81.48%), Escherichia coli (11.11%) and Klebsiella (3.70%). Also, 50% of patients were hospitalised in the internal ward, 12% received immunosuppressive drugs, and 96.4% of the patients had a history of vaccination. CONCLUSION: Pediatric severe sepsis remains a burdensome public health problem, with prevalence, morbidity, and mortality rates similar to those reported in critically ill adult populations. International clinical trials targeting children with severe sepsis are warranted.

LA ORIENTACIÓN FAMILIAR DE LAS ADOLESCENTES DE 12 A 14 AÑOS CON EMBARAZOS DE ALTO RIESGO

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Maira Verónica Vera Saavedra ◽  
Viviana Septimia Gómez Mieles
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Family Counseling ◽  
High Risk Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Pregnancy ◽  
Family Orientation

En la provincia de Manabí en el cantón Sucre Bahía de Caráquez, el Embarazo Adolescente es un problema de salud pública ya que por los últimos resultados dados por  el área de Ginecología del Hospital Miguel H. Alcívar y por las repercusiones biológicas y sociales, son pocos los estudios orientados al enfoque de esta situación. En la actualidad el embarazo en adolescentes es cada día más frecuente en el medio social, siendo un problema muy importante relacionado con la salud pública, ya sea en los países en vías de desarrollo como en el mundo desarrollado, debido a sus repercusiones adversas sociales y de salud, tanto para las madres como para los niños. El embarazo precoz de una adolescente implica múltiples causas como: incomprensión, maltrato emocional, carencia de apoyo, carencia de educación sexual, etc. El embarazo y la maternidad tienen un carácter negativo tanto para la joven como para su hijo o hija e incluso para todos los miembros de su familia. Se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo observacional transversal y retrospectivo en el que se pretende fijar el perfil personal y social de las adolescentes embarazadas, mediante charlas que tengan como enfoque la orientación familiar debidamente programada y organizada, para no sucumbir en embarazos no deseados. PALABRAS CLAVE: Orientación familiar; embarazo en la adolescencia; embarazo de alto riesgo.  FAMILY ORIENTATION OF ADOLESCENTS FROM 12 TO 14 YEARS OF AGE WITH HIGH RISK PREGNANCY  ABSTRACT In the province of Manabí in the Sucre Bay of Caráquez, Adolescent Pregnancy is a public health problem because of the recent results given by the Gynecology area of the Hospital Miguel H. Alcívar and because of the biological and social repercussions, few are the studies oriented to the approach of this situation. Currently adolescent pregnancy is becoming more frequent in the social environment, being a very important problem related to public health, either in developing countries or in the developed world, due to its adverse social and economic repercussions. of health, both for mothers and children. The early pregnancy of a teenager implies multiple causes such as: incomprehension, emotional abuse, lack of support, lack of sexual education, etc. Pregnancy and motherhood have a negative character both for the young woman and her son or daughter and even for all the members of her family. A cross-sectional and retrospective observational descriptive study has been carried out in which the personal and social profile of pregnant adolescents is set, through talks that focus on family orientation, duly programmed and organized, so as not to succumb to unwanted pregnancies. KEYWORDS: Family counseling; pregnancy in adolescence; high risk pregnancy

Evidence for Pre-Columbian Goiter in Guatemala

1957 ◽  
Vol 23 (2Part1) ◽  
pp. 174-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan F. Borhegyi ◽  
Nevin S. Scrimshaw
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Endemic Goiter ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World

Detailed medical surveys recently concluded have shown Guatemala, and particularly the Guatemalan highlands, to have one of the highest incidence rates for endemic goiter in the world (Muñoz, Pérez, and Scrimshaw 1955a: 36–43; 1955b: 963–9). At the present time only the tropical and sparsely populated northern Department of Peten is without goiter as a serious public health problem. The incidence in the other departments varies from 21% to 68%.

scholarly journals Spinal pain increases the risk of becoming overweight in Danish schoolchildren

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Hestbaek ◽  
Ellen Aartun ◽  
Pierre Côté ◽  
Jan Hartvigsen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Spinal Pain ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Children And Adolescence ◽  
Trained Staff ◽  
Relevant Covariates

AbstractSpinal pain is common in adolescence, and overweight in children and adolescence is an increasing public health problem globally. Since musculoskeletal pain is a known barrier for physical activity which potentially can lead to overweight, the primary objective of this study was to determine if self-reported lifetime spinal pain in 2010 was associated with being overweight or obese in 2012 in a cohort of 1080 normal-weighted Danish children, aged 11–13 years at baseline. Overweight was based on body mass index measured by trained staff. Spinal pain was self-reported by questionnaires during school hours. Estimates were adjusted for relevant covariates. The 2-year incidence rate of overweight was 5.3% (95% CI 3.98–7.58) for children with spinal pain at baseline versus 1.6% (95% CI 0.19–5.45) for children without. There was stepwise and statistically significant increased risk of overweight with increasing frequency of pain and for having pain in more than one part of the spine. Despite the short follow-up time where only 40 children developed overweight, these results indicate that spinal pain might increase the risk of subsequent overweight.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Delta derivatives impact on neutralization of Covishield recipient sera

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima R. Sahay ◽  
Deepak Y. Patil ◽  
Gajanan N. Sapkal ◽  
Gururaj R. Deshpande ◽  
Anita M. Shete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Escape Mutant ◽  
Neutralizing Potential ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Delta Derivatives

AbstractThe emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant and its derivatives has created grave public health problem worldwide. The high transmissibility associated with this variant has led to daily increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Delta variant has slowly dominated the other variants of concern. Subsequently, Delta has further mutated to Delta AY.1 to Delta AY.126. Of these, Delta AY.1 has been reported from several countries including India and considered to be highly infectious and probable escape mutant. Considering the possible immune escape, we had already evaluated the efficacy of the BBV152 against Delta and Delta AY.1 variants. Here, we have evaluated the neutralizing potential of sera of COVID-19 naive vaccinees (CNV) immunized with two doses of vaccine, COVID-19 recovered cases immunized with two doses of vaccine (CRV) and breakthrough infections (BTI) post immunization with two doses of vaccine against Delta, Delta AY.1 and B.1.617.3 using 50% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50). Our study observed low NAb titer in CNV group against all the variants compared to CRV and BTI groups. Delta variant has shown highest reduction of 27.3-fold in NAb titer among CNV group compared to other groups and variants. Anti-S1-RBD IgG immune response among all the groups was also substantiated with NAb response. Compromised neutralization was observed against Delta and Delta AY.1 compared B.1 in all three groups. However, it provided protection against severity of the disease and fatality.

scholarly journals Moral Disengagement as an Explanatory Factor of the Polyivictimization of Bullying and Cyberbullying

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Fernández-Antelo ◽  
Isabel Cuadrado-Gordillo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Abusive Behavior ◽  
Different Types ◽  
On Line

Background: The present study’s objectives were to: (1) Identify and analyze the prevalence of poly-victims, and (2) determine how the levels of moral disengagement and the various defence mechanisms that victims use to explain abusive behavior might function as predictors of poly-bullying. Methods: The sample consisted of 1328 participants of from 9 to 14 years old. The instruments used were two questionnaires. One allows the prevalence of bullying and cyberbullying victims to be identified and analyzed. The other analyses the level of moral disengagement and the defence mechanisms to which the victims resort. Results: The results showed there to be a continuity of the role of victim in off-line and on-line contexts, turning those who are subject to these situations into poly-victims. The moral disengagement of these victims was found basically to be centered at two levels—a locus of behavior, and a locus of outcomes. Conclusions: Exposure to abuse that is continuous, of different types, and coming from different contexts must be perceived as a public health problem given the lack of effective tools to combat the situations of helplessness that the polyvictims experience.

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