scholarly journals Kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4-xSex Thin Film Solar Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiwen Sun ◽  
Fangyang Liu ◽  
Xiaojing Hao
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Loss Mechanism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

Kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4-xSex (CZTS) is a promising thin film photovoltaic (PV) material with low cost and nontoxic constitute as well as decent PV properties, being regarded as a PV technology that is truly compatible with terawatt deployment. The kesterite CZTS thin film solar cell has experienced impressive development since its first report in 1996 with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of only 0.66% to current highest value of 13.0%, while the understanding of the material, device physics, and loss mechanism is increasingly demanded. This chapter will review the development history of kesterite technology, present the basic material properties, and summarize the loss mechanism and strategies to tackle these problems to date. This chapter will help researchers have brief background knowledge of kesterite CZTS technology and understand the future direction to further propel this new technology forward.

scholarly journals Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites Open a New Era for Low-Cost, High Efficiency Solar Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiming Peng ◽  
Xueqing Xu ◽  
Gang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
New Era ◽  
High Efficiency Solar Cells ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

The ramping solar energy to electricity conversion efficiencies of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells during the last five years have opened new doors to low-cost solar energy. The record power conversion efficiency has climbed to 19.3% in August 2014 and then jumped to 20.1% in November. In this review, the main achievements for perovskite solar cells categorized from a viewpoint of device structure are overviewed. The challenges and prospects for future development of this field are also briefly presented.

scholarly journals Oblique Electrostatic Inkjet-Deposited TiO2 Electron Transport Layers for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shahiduzzaman ◽  
Toshiharu Sakuma ◽  
Tetsuya Kaneko ◽  
Koji Tomita ◽  
Masao Isomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Important Advance ◽  
Compact Layer ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn this study, a new, simple, and novel oblique electrostatic inkjet (OEI) technique is developed to deposit a titanium oxide (TiO2) compact layer (CL) on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate without the need for a vacuum environment for the first time. The TiO2 is used as electron transport layers (ETL) in planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This bottom-up OEI technique enables the control of the surface morphology and thickness of the TiO2 CL by simply manipulating the coating time. The OEI-fabricated TiO2 is characterized tested and the results are compared with that of TiO2 CLs produced by spin-coating and spray pyrolysis. The OEI-deposited TiO2 CL exhibits satisfactory surface coverage and smooth morphology, conducive for the ETLs in PSCs. The power-conversion efficiencies of PSCs with OEI-deposited TiO2 CL as the ETL were as high as 13.19%. Therefore, the present study provides an important advance in the effort to develop simple, low-cost, and easily scaled-up techniques. OEI may be a new candidate for depositing TiO2 CL ETLs for highly efficient planar PSCs, thus potentially contributing to future mass production.

CuInSe2 thin film solar cells prepared by low-cost electrodeposition techniques from a non-aqueous bath

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (109) ◽  
pp. 89635-89643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka U. Londhe ◽  
Ashwini B. Rohom ◽  
Nandu B. Chaure
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Thin Film Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell Structure ◽  
Cuinse2 Thin Film

Highly crystalline and stoichiometric CIS thin films have been electrodeposited from non-aqueous bath at temperature 130 °C. Superstrate solar cell structure (FTO/CdS/CIS/Au) exhibited 4.5% power conversion efficiency.

scholarly journals Thin-Film Solar Cells Based on the Polycrystalline Compound Semiconductors CIS and CdTe

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Powalla ◽  
Dieter Bonnet
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Solar Conversion ◽  
Module Performance ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies ◽  
Near Future

Thin-film photovoltaic modules based on Cu-In-Ga-Se-S (CIS) and CdTe are already being produced with high-quality and solar conversion efficiencies of around 10%, with values up to 14% expected in the near future. The integrated interconnection of single cells into large-area modules of 0.6×1.2m2 enables low-cost mass production, so that thin-film modules will soon be able to compete with conventional silicon-wafer-based modules. This contribution provides an overview of the basic technologies for CdTe and CIS modules, the research and development (R&D) issues, production technology and capacities, the module performance in long-term outdoor testing, and their use in installations.

scholarly journals Ambient Air and Hole Transport Layer Free Synthesis: Towards Low Cost CH3NH3PbI3Solar Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Ahmed ◽  
Hareema Saleem ◽  
Ahmed Nawaz Khan ◽  
Amir Habib
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Hole Transport Layer ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

Perovskite absorbers have witnessed a remarkable efficiency increase in last couple of years. To meet the commercialization challenge, reduced cost and improved efficiency are the two critical factors. We report on a hole transport layer free device synthesized under ambient air conditions of high humidity of 50% using TiO2-graphene oxide nanocomposite as electron selective contact. The devices achieved a power conversion efficiency of 5.9%. We introduce a novel synthesis route for TiO2-graphene oxide (GO) composite allowing superior charge transport properties. Incorporation of GO in TiO2allows achieving higher power conversion efficiencies while working under ambient air conditions. Ambient air synthesis with hole transport free architecture has the potential to reduce the cost of this technology leading to commercial viability.

scholarly journals 16.8% Monolithic all-perovskite triple-junction solar cells via a universal two-step solution process

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junke Wang ◽  
Valerio Zardetto ◽  
Kunal Datta ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Martijn M. Wienk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Triple Junction ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Tandem Solar Cells ◽  
Narrow Bandgap ◽  
Interconnecting Layers ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

Abstract Perovskite semiconductors hold a unique promise in developing multijunction solar cells with high-efficiency and low-cost. Besides design constraints to reduce optical and electrical losses, integrating several very different perovskite absorber layers in a multijunction cell imposes a great processing challenge. Here, we report a versatile two-step solution process for high-quality 1.73 eV wide-, 1.57 eV mid-, and 1.23 eV narrow-bandgap perovskite films. Based on the development of robust and low-resistivity interconnecting layers, we achieve power conversion efficiencies of above 19% for monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells with limited loss of potential energy and fill factor. In a combination of 1.73 eV, 1.57 eV, and 1.23 eV perovskite sub-cells, we further demonstrate a power conversion efficiency of 16.8% for monolithic all-perovskite triple-junction solar cells.

scholarly journals Flexural behaviour of ABS 3D printed parts on professional printer Stratasys Fortus 900mc

2018 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 04048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Stoklasek ◽  
Milan Navratil ◽  
Martin Bednarik ◽  
Ivan Hudec ◽  
Dalibor Petrzelka
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Building Orientation ◽  
3D Printed

Nowadays, it is very desirable to obtain the low cost polymeric material with the best material properties. For the best modification of the commodity and construction polymeric materials it is firstly necessary to know the basic material properties. In this study the bending and Charpy impact test specimens were fabricated via a professional FDM 3D printer Fortus 900mc, from company Stratasys, processing ABS-M30 in three build orientation XY, XZ-H and XZ-V. The 3D printed test specimens were examined to compare the effect of layer thickness and building orientation. Tensile test machine Zwick 1456 and impact pendulum Zwick HIT50P were used for bending and Charpy impact tests. Optical microscopy was utilized to perform fractography on impact test specimens to explore the effect of the layer thickness and building orientation on the fracture surface morphology of the failed specimens. This study demonstrates the need for material testing for specific processing as additive manufacturing technologies.

HYDROFORGING: A New Manufacturing Technology for Forged Lightweight Products of Aluminum

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Roeper ◽  
Steffen Reinsch
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Hollow Structure ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Hollow Structures ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Forged Parts ◽  
High Potentials ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

The demand of parts with low weight, high material properties and relatively low cost leads to lightweight constructions. Especially hollow structures with a high stiffness and minimized weight are expected to have high potentials. In comparison to other manufacturing technologies, e.g. hydroforming or casting, characterized by their limitations of material thickness or mechanical strength, forging is a costeffective way to produce lightweight parts with excellent material properties and a balanced relation between strength and mass. Based on known flashless forging processes, a new technology to produce forged parts with hollow structures is developed at IPH — Institut fu¨r Integrierte Produktion Hannover, Germany. The hollow structure is filled by an incompressible liquid which is removed after the forming process. Maximum deformations are reached by using punches moving into the liquid.

scholarly journals Diketopyrrolopyrrole latent pigment-based bilayer solar cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Beverina ◽  
Myles Rooney ◽  
Riccardo Ruffo ◽  
Mauro Sassi ◽  
Francesco Carulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

Abstract Two Diketopyrrolopyrrole based latent pigment donor materials were fabricated into thin film bilayer photovoltaic devices featuring PCBM as the acceptor. Thermal deprotection of the thin film, carried out at 200∘ C, returns the dye-like small molecule to the corresponding pristine pigment quantitatively. The connected evolution of electrical and morphological features of pure thin films and blends are examined. A significant decrease in extinction coefficient was noted and correlated both to intrinsic changes of the electronic structure upon cleavage and to an increase in internal scattering due to extensive crystallization. Power conversion efficiencies of 0.33% were achieved for bilayer devices, nearly doubling previous results with latent pigment DPP devices, under comparable experimental conditions.

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