scholarly journals Cellular Senescence in Bone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Wang ◽  
Haitao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Problems

Senescence is an irreversible cell-cycle arrest process induced by environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. An accumulation of senescent cells in bone results in age-related disorders, and one of the common problems is osteoporosis. Deciphering the basic mechanisms contributing to the chronic ailments of aging may uncover new avenues for targeted treatment. This review focuses on the mechanisms and the most relevant research advancements in skeletal cellular senescence. To identify new options for the treatment or prevention of age-related chronic diseases, researchers have targeted hallmarks of aging, including telomere attrition, genomic instability, cellular senescence, and epigenetic alterations. First, this chapter provides an overview of the fundamentals of bone tissue, the causes of skeletal involution, and the role of cellular senescence in bone and bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Next, this review will discuss the utilization of pharmacological interventions in aging tissues and, more specifically, highlight the role of senescent cells to identify the most effective and safe strategies.

scholarly journals Cellular Senescence in Liver Disease and Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Ferreira-Gonzalez ◽  
Daniel Rodrigo-Torres ◽  
Victoria L. Gadd ◽  
Stuart J. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Genomic Instability ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Extent Of Damage

AbstractCellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest implemented by the cell as a result of stressful insults. Characterized by phenotypic alterations, including secretome changes and genomic instability, senescence is capable of exerting both detrimental and beneficial processes. Accumulating evidence has shown that cellular senescence plays a relevant role in the occurrence and development of liver disease, as a mechanism to contain damage and promote regeneration, but also characterizing the onset and correlating with the extent of damage. The evidence of senescent mechanisms acting on the cell populations of the liver will be described including the role of markers to detect cellular senescence. Overall, this review intends to summarize the role of senescence in liver homeostasis, injury, disease, and regeneration.

scholarly journals Role of Age-Related Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Sarcopenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Ferri ◽  
Emanuele Marzetti ◽  
Riccardo Calvani ◽  
Anna Picca ◽  
Matteo Cesari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Muscle Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Aging ◽  
And Function

Skeletal muscle aging is associated with a significant loss of skeletal muscle strength and power (i.e., dynapenia), muscle mass and quality of life, a phenomenon known as sarcopenia. This condition affects nearly one-third of the older population and is one of the main factors leading to negative health outcomes in geriatric patients. Notwithstanding the exact mechanisms responsible for sarcopenia are not fully understood, mitochondria have emerged as one of the central regulators of sarcopenia. In fact, there is a wide consensus on the assumption that the loss of mitochondrial integrity in myocytes is the main factor leading to muscle degeneration. Mitochondria are also key players in senescence. It has been largely proven that the modulation of mitochondrial functions can induce the death of senescent cells and that removal of senescent cells improves musculoskeletal health, quality, and function. In this review, the crosstalk among mitochondria, cellular senescence, and sarcopenia will be discussed with the aim to elucidate the role that the musculoskeletal cellular senescence may play in the onset of sarcopenia through the mediation of mitochondria.

scholarly journals Implication of the p53-Related miR-34c, -125b, and -203 in the Osteoblastic Differentiation and the Malignant Transformation of Bone Sarcomas

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 810
Author(s):  
Camille Jacques ◽  
Robel Tesfaye ◽  
Melanie Lavaud ◽  
Steven Georges ◽  
Marc Baud’huin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cells ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Protein ◽  
Genomic Integrity ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Bone Sarcomas

The formation of the skeleton occurs throughout the lives of vertebrates and is achieved through the balanced activities of two kinds of specialized bone cells: the bone-forming osteoblasts and the bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Impairment in the remodeling processes dramatically hampers the proper healing of fractures and can also result in malignant bone diseases such as osteosarcoma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding single-strand RNAs implicated in the control of various cellular activities such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Their post-transcriptional regulatory role confers on them inhibitory functions toward specific target mRNAs. As miRNAs are involved in the differentiation program of precursor cells, it is now well established that this class of molecules also influences bone formation by affecting osteoblastic differentiation and the fate of osteoblasts. In response to various cell signals, the tumor-suppressor protein p53 activates a huge range of genes, whose miRNAs promote genomic-integrity maintenance, cell-cycle arrest, cell senescence, and apoptosis. Here, we review the role of three p53-related miRNAs, miR-34c, -125b, and -203, in the bone-remodeling context and, in particular, in osteoblastic differentiation. The second aim of this study is to deal with the potential implication of these miRNAs in osteosarcoma development and progression.

scholarly journals Senescence and Host–Pathogen Interactions

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Humphreys ◽  
Mohamed ElGhazaly ◽  
Teresa Frisan
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Innate Defence

Damage to our genomes triggers cellular senescence characterised by stable cell cycle arrest and a pro-inflammatory secretome that prevents the unrestricted growth of cells with pathological potential. In this way, senescence can be considered a powerful innate defence against cancer and viral infection. However, damage accumulated during ageing increases the number of senescent cells and this contributes to the chronic inflammation and deregulation of the immune function, which increases susceptibility to infectious disease in ageing organisms. Bacterial and viral pathogens are masters of exploiting weak points to establish infection and cause devastating diseases. This review considers the emerging importance of senescence in the host–pathogen interaction: we discuss the pathogen exploitation of ageing cells and senescence as a novel hijack target of bacterial pathogens that deploys senescence-inducing toxins to promote infection. The persistent induction of senescence by pathogens, mediated directly through virulence determinants or indirectly through inflammation and chronic infection, also contributes to age-related pathologies such as cancer. This review highlights the dichotomous role of senescence in infection: an innate defence that is exploited by pathogens to cause disease.

scholarly journals What have we learned from basic science studies on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (153) ◽  
pp. 190029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyoshi Yanagihara ◽  
Seidai Sato ◽  
Chandak Upagupta ◽  
Martin Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Tremendous Progress

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal age-related lung disease characterised by progressive and irreversible scarring of the lung. Although the details are not fully understood, there has been tremendous progress in understanding the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which has led to the identification of many new potential therapeutic targets. In this review we discuss several of these advances with a focus on genetic susceptibility and cellular senescence primarily affecting epithelial cells, activation of profibrotic pathways, disease-enhancing fibrogenic cell types and the role of the remodelled extracellular matrix.

scholarly journals Senescence and Cancer: Role of Nitric Oxide (NO) in SASP

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Nesrine Mabrouk ◽  
Silvia Ghione ◽  
Véronique Laurens ◽  
Stéphanie Plenchette ◽  
Ali Bettaieb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
No Donors ◽  
Cell State ◽  
Age Related ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Secretory Phenotype

Cellular senescence is a cell state involved in both physiological and pathological processes such as age-related diseases and cancer. While the mechanism of senescence is now well known, its role in tumorigenesis still remains very controversial. The positive and negative effects of senescence on tumorigenesis depend largely on the diversity of the senescent phenotypes and, more precisely, on the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this review, we discuss the modulatory effect of nitric oxide (NO) in SASP and the possible benefits of the use of NO donors or iNOS inducers in combination with senotherapy in cancer treatment.

scholarly journals DNA damage responses in ageing

Open Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 190168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo F. L. da Silva ◽  
Björn Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Damage Accumulation ◽  
Genome Instability ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Progeroid Syndromes ◽  
Dna Damage Responses ◽  
Universal Feature

Ageing appears to be a nearly universal feature of life, ranging from unicellular microorganisms to humans. Longevity depends on the maintenance of cellular functionality, and an organism's ability to respond to stress has been linked to functional maintenance and longevity. Stress response pathways might indeed become therapeutic targets of therapies aimed at extending the healthy lifespan. Various progeroid syndromes have been linked to genome instability, indicating an important causal role of DNA damage accumulation in the ageing process and the development of age-related pathologies. Recently, non-cell-autonomous mechanisms including the systemic consequences of cellular senescence have been implicated in regulating organismal ageing. We discuss here the role of cellular and systemic mechanisms of ageing and their role in ageing-associated diseases.

scholarly journals The role of microRNAs in cellular senescence and age-related conditions of cartilage and bone

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Weilner ◽  
Regina Grillari-Voglauer ◽  
Heinz Redl ◽  
Johannes Grillari ◽  
Thomas Nau
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Diverse Roles of Cellular Senescence in Skeletal Muscle Inflammation, Regeneration, and Therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Saito ◽  
Takako S. Chikenji
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Muscle Stem Cells ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Tissue Degeneration ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Age Related

Skeletal muscle undergoes vigorous tissue remodeling after injury. However, aging, chronic inflammatory diseases, sarcopenia, and neuromuscular disorders cause muscle loss and degeneration, resulting in muscular dysfunction. Cellular senescence, a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest, acts during normal embryonic development and remodeling after tissue damage; when these processes are complete, the senescent cells are eliminated. However, the accumulation of senescent cells is a hallmark of aging tissues or pathological contexts and may lead to progressive tissue degeneration. The mechanisms responsible for the effects of senescent cells have not been fully elucidated. Here, we review current knowledge about the beneficial and detrimental effects of senescent cells in tissue repair, regeneration, aging, and age-related disease, especially in skeletal muscle. We also discuss how senescence of muscle stem cells and muscle-resident fibro-adipogenic progenitors affects muscle pathologies or regeneration, and consider the possibility that immunosenescence leads to muscle pathogenesis. Finally, we explore senotherapy, the therapeutic targeting of senescence to treat age-related disease, from the standpoint of improving muscle regeneration.

scholarly journals Low Cost Bus Alert System for Visually Challenged People

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4944-4948
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Alert System ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Bus Driver ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Visually Challenged ◽  
Public Transport Services

One of the common problems faced by visually challenged people is their inability to travel alone in public transport services like bus. They have to depend on others to identify the bus at the bus stops. This scenario should be changed. It’s the role of engineers to bring the change in the lives of visually challenged people. A low cost bus alert system for visually challenged people using Radio Frequency (RF) technology is proposed in this paper. Once the appropriate bus arrives near the visually challenged person, he/she will be intimated about the arrival of the bus by an audio message. If the blind person decides to board the bus he can acknowledge the driver by pressing the acknowledgement button in his module. The bus driver will get acknowledged by LED indicator near his cabin. With the help of this project visually challenged commuters can transit without the aid of fellow commuters and their need to depend on others for public transport transit can be reduced

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