scholarly journals Fractal Antennas for Wireless Communications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer T. Abed ◽  
Mahmood J. Abu-AlShaer ◽  
Aqeel M. Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Geometry ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Axial Ratio ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Fractal Antenna ◽  
Limited Size ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Radiation Properties ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Fractal Antennas

When the length of the antenna is less than a quarter of the wavelength of the operating frequency, good radiation properties are difficult to obtain. However, size limitations can be overcome in this case using a fractal geometry antenna. The shape is repeated in a limited size such that the total length of the antenna is increased to match, for example, half of the wavelength of the corresponding desired frequency. Many fractal geometries, e.g., the tree, Koch, Minkowski, and Hilbert fractals, are available. This chapter describes the details of designing, simulations, and experimental measurements of fractal antennas. Based on dimensional geometry in terms of desired frequency bands, the characteristics of each iteration are studied carefully to improve the process of designing the antennas. In depth, the surface current distribution is investigated and analyzed to enhance the circular polarization radiation and axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW). Both, simulation and experimental, results are discussed and compared. Two types of fractal antennas are proposed. The first proposed fractal antenna has a new structure configured via a five-stage process. The second proposed fractal antenna has a low profile, wherein the configuration of the antenna was based on three iterations.

scholarly journals Dual Band Minkowski Fractal Antenna for Maritime Radio Navigation Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 500-505 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Fractal Geometry ◽  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Fractal Antenna ◽  
Radio Navigation ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Radiation Properties ◽  
Minkowski Fractal ◽  
Good Agreement

A dual band low profile fractal antenna is proposed for Maritime Radio Navigation Services (MRNS). Minkowski fractal geometry is used on both the vertical boundaries of basic patch structure and by adjusting the fractal dimension desired operating frequency is achieved. The effect of antenna dimensions on the bandwidth is determined through the parametric analysis. Proposed antenna operates at 3 GHz and 9.4 GHz with a gain of 6.3 dB and 2.5 dB respectively. Furthermore, the resonating and radiation properties of the proposed antenna are measured experimentally. Measured results of the proposed antenna are highly convincing and in good agreement with simulated results.

scholarly journals Investigation of printed slot antennas based on Euclidean geometries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaqeen S. Mezaal
Keyword(s):  
Ground Plane ◽  
Antenna Design ◽  
Fractal Antenna ◽  
Slot Antennas ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Fractal Antennas ◽  
Parametric Analyses

AbstractEuclidean and fractal terms are mathematically and physically important terms in antenna design, but rarely reported studies had discussed these terms together in antenna design in their texts. This paper first gives an overview of Euclidean and fractal antennas with useful and satisfactory facts. Four printed slot antennas are then studied using Euclidean slot shapes printed in the ground plane with and without Euclidean patches using FR4 substrate. These antennas are employed to investigate their suitability as simple alternatives to complicated fractal geometries and their specific formulas. Parametric analyses with feedline lengths and patch scaling aspects are adopted to generate single, dual, and multiband responses. These parametric studies provide different outcomes and choices for antenna electrical specifications suitable for various wireless applications. It is clear that inserting Euclidean patches to the printed slot in the ground plane influence inducing multiple operating bands as similar as multiband fractal antenna, but without using specific formulas or complicated outlines. All proposed antennas have low-profile topologies, good compactness, and more competitive electrical specifications than many reported fractal antennas. The simulations of the proposed printed slot antennas are in good compatibility with the measurements.

scholarly journals Sierpinski carpet fractal monopole antenna for ultra-wideband applications

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 983
Author(s):  
Medhal Bharathraj Kumar ◽  
Praveen Jayappa
Keyword(s):  
Microstrip Antenna ◽  
Monopole Antenna ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Fractal Antenna ◽  
Sierpinski Carpet ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Self Similar ◽  
Fractal Antennas ◽  
Sierpiński Carpet

Microstrip antenna is broadly used in the modern communication system due to its significant features such as light weight, inexpensive, low profile, and ease of integration with radio frequency devices. The fractal shape is applied in antenna geometry to obtain the ultra-wideband antennas. In this paper, the sierpinski carpet fractal monopole antenna (SCFMA) is developed for base case, first iteration and second iteration to obtain the wideband based on its space filling and self-similar characteristics. The dimension of the monopole patch size is optimized to minimize the overall dimension of the fractal antenna. Moreover, the optimized planar structure is proposed using the microstrip line feed. The monopole antenna is mounted on the FR4 substrate with the thickness of 1.6 mm with loss tangent of 0.02 and relative permittivity of 4.4. The performance of this SCFMA is analyzed in terms of area, bandwidth, return loss, voltage standing wave ratio, radiation pattern and gain. The proposed fractal antenna achieves three different bandwidth ranges such as 2.6-4.0 GHz, 2.5-4.3 GHz and 2.4-4.4 GHz for base case, first and second iteration respectively. The proposed SCFMA is compared with existing fractal antennas to prove the efficiency of the SCFMA design. The area of the SCFMA is 25×20 mm<sup>2</sup>, which is less when compared to the existing fractal antennas.

scholarly journals Performance analysis of first iteration koch curve fractal log periodic antenna of varying flare angles

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Singh ◽  
Reneez Kabeer ◽  
Z. Ali ◽  
V. Singh ◽  
M. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Fractal Geometry ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Fractal Antenna ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Koch Curve ◽  
Log Periodic Antenna ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Fractal Antennas

AbstractMiniaturization has always been a crucial challenge in the field of antenna engineering. In the recent past a number of researchers have shown that fractal geometry have potential to design smaller, broad band and multi band antennas. In this proposed work performances of log periodic fractal antennas of different flare angles have been investigated. Simulation results show that fractal log periodic antenna gives better performance in terms of gain, return loss and directivity. Performance of log periodic fractal antenna has also been investigated for flare angles 30°, 45°, 60°, 70° and 80°. In this proposed work fractal antenna gives best performance with 60° flare angle.

scholarly journals Design and analysis of a novel miniaturized microstrip fractal antenna for WLAN/WiMAX applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Zinelabiddine Mezache ◽  
Asma Slimani ◽  
Fatiha Benabdelaziz
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Numerical Calculations ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Fractal Antenna ◽  
Sierpinski Carpet ◽  
Telecommunication Technology ◽  
Fractal Antennas ◽  
Sierpiński Carpet ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper is a new comparative study via numerical calculations and experimental measurements of various designs of fractal antennas. The geometry of the antennas dual?broadband (2.5/5.77 GHz and 2.4/6.18 GHz) for WLAN/ WiMAX applications is inspired by the Sierpinski carpet and the Minkowski. The simulated and measured results show a good agreement over the bandwidth. We also performed a comparison with current comparable antenna designs, demonstrating the superiority of the proposed antenna regarding applicability in telecommunication technology.

Fractal antennas and arrays: a review and recent developments

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Anirban Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Fractal Geometry ◽  
Fractal Antenna ◽  
The Past ◽  
Model Complex ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Self Similar ◽  
Fractal Antennas ◽  
Primary Focus

Abstract In mathematical definition, a fractal is a self-similar subset of Euclidean space whose fractal dimension strictly exceeds its topological dimension which in turn involves a recursive generating methodology that results in contours with infinitely intricate fine structures. Fractal geometry has been used to model complex natural objects such as clouds coastlines, etc., that has space-filling properties. In the past years, several groups of scientists around the globe tried to implement the structure of fractal geometry for applications in the field of electromagnetism, which led to the development of new innovative antenna configurations called “fractal antennas” which is primarily focused in fractal antenna elements, and fractal antenna arrays. It has been demonstrated that by exploiting the recursive nature of fractals, several marvellous kinds of properties can be observed in antennas and arrays. The primary focus of this article is to provide a compressed overview of the developments in fractal-shaped antennas as well as arrays over the last few decades where the most prominent contributions mostly from IEEE journals have been highlighted. The open intention of this review work is to show an encouraging path to antenna researchers for its advancement using fractal geometries.

Investigation of circular polarization technique in Q-slot antenna

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer T. Abed ◽  
Mandeep S. J. Singh ◽  
Aqeel M. Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Circular Polarization ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Axial Ratio ◽  
Slot Antenna ◽  
Strip Line ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
A New Technique

AbstractThis paper describes and analyzes a new technique used in Q-slot antenna to generate circular polarization (CP). The CP characteristics were investigated carefully by studying the surface current distribution, the phase difference between the left hand circular polarization (LHCP) and right hand circular polarization (RHCP) at some resonant frequencies, and the measured values of the axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW). Normal arms (E1 and E2) were cut in the upper elliptical feeding strip line to form an open-mouth structure. The arms E1 and E2 were made equal in length and set perpendicular to each other to have normal electric fields, leading to the generation of CP radiation. A formula was modified for the dual resonant frequencies f1, f2 of the modes TM010 and TM001. The measured values of the ARBW indicated that the antenna has a wide ARBW of 4.8–5.93 GHz, which is approximately 52% of the 3rd operating band of 4.7–6.8 GHz. The wide ARBW in a small size indicated that the design of the Q-slot antenna overcame the limits of designing antennas with wide ARBW in small size and low profile. A formula for normalized field was driven according to the complementary of the Q-slot antenna.

scholarly journals Fractal Antennas (Study and Review)

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 7387-7400
Author(s):  
Ahmed Azeez Khudhair Al-Zabee ◽  
Saba Qasim Jabbar ◽  
Desheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Fractal Antenna ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Communication Services ◽  
Wideband Antenna ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Fractal Antennas ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

In recent years, great demands for an antenna with many falsities like miniaturization, multiband and wideband antenna with high gain and low profile antenna for modern wireless communication services and applications. Fractal antenna paves the way for these requirements. In this survey, we will attempt to study and review the existing fractal antennas designs and to classify them with different techniques used and additional insight into these unique structures with the most used simulation softwares for designing of fractal antenna applications.

scholarly journals Coaxial Probe Fed Modified Sierpinski Fractal Antenna for Wireless Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2754-2757
Keyword(s):  
Iterated Function System ◽  
Fractal Antenna ◽  
Fractal Structures ◽  
Forward Solution ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Resonance Behavior ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Radiation Properties ◽  
Iterated Function ◽  
2D And 3D

A modified Sierpinski fractal antenna has been designed for wireless applications. The designed antenna exhibits multiple resonance behavior due to the basic attributes of the fractal shapes. The proposed antenna has planar, compact in size and is suitable for various wireless applications. It is designed on the Flame Retardant epoxy board substrate (FR4), which is very easily available, light in weight and has less cost. IFS (Iterated Function System) methodology is accustomed to generate the complex fractal layout using the scripting methodology (.vbs) in the HFSS simulator. Scripting method provides a straight forward solution to generate complicated fractal structures by generating code in MATLAB. The proposed antenna resonates at five different frequencies 1.859 GHz, 3.623 GHz, 5.929 GHz, 9.095 GHz and 9.547 GHz with smart values of return loss up to - 26 dB. It additionally demonstrates good radiation properties and has VSWR values less than two for all resonating frequencies. Radiation characteristics are displayed by 2D and 3D radiation patterns. It also has an low profile value of Gain of 3 dB.

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