scholarly journals A Moral Perspective on Refugee Healthcare

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanaya Sparkle ◽  
Debanshu Roy
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Moral Code ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Moral Perspective ◽  
Healthcare Coverage ◽  
Political Warfare ◽  
Free Healthcare

There is currently an increasing number of international refugees due to political warfare and natural calamities. Over the recent years, countries are shying away from assisting with the provision of healthcare to this vulnerable population either in their home country through humanitarian aid and services or in the host country by providing free healthcare coverage. World leaders and politicians have attempted to ignore the morality behind these decisions and have put forth a false narrative of scarcity and racism to appeal to the population of developed countries. As this question remains unsolved, we have attempted to look at the question from the perspective of our moral obligations as a species. We have discussed some of the popular moral theories that support providing healthcare services to global refugees and refuted theories that object to the same. We conclude with a brief look at the direction that countries could take without violating established moral code while attempting (without evidence) to prioritize the welfare of their citizens.

Perceptions of Final Year Medical Students about Family Medicine as A Career Choice in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dur-e- Nishat
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Family medicine is a field in which complete and detailed set of healthcare services are provided to the patients and their families. In developed countries, freshly graduated students choose family medicine as a priority for their career. However, in Pakistan it is not the case. The present study is undertaken to determine the perceptions of final year medical students’ about Family Medicine as a viable career. Methods: A total number of 504 students participated in the study. This was a cross-sectional study. The study participants were in their final year of medical college. Data was collected using a preapproved questionnaire. Data was entered and analyzed via SPSS version 17 and Chi-Square test was used post-stratification. Results: Only 14.3% (n=72) medical students had heard about Family Medicine. Only 18% (n=92) would select family medicine as a profession. The most frequent rationale for choosing the field of Family Medicine was the variety of patients seen in general practice (55.4% n=51). Conclusion: There is a dire need to focus on increasing awareness about the field of family medicine among medical students. The students should be counseled on the advantages along with the disadvantages of choosing this field as a medical profession.

scholarly journals Policy implementation analysis on access to healthcare among undocumented immigrants in seven autonomous communities of Spain, 2012–2018

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e045626
Author(s):  
Megi Gogishvili ◽  
Sergio A Costa ◽  
Karen Flórez ◽  
Terry T Huang
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Undocumented Immigrants ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Royal Decree ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Free Healthcare ◽  
Implementation Analysis

BackgroundIn 2012, the Government of Spain enacted Royal Decree-Law (RDL) 16/2012 and Royal Decree (RD) 1192/2012 excluding undocumented immigrants from publicly funded healthcare services. We conducted a policy implementation analysis to describe and evaluate the legal and regulatory actions taken at the autonomous community (AC) level after enactment of 2012 RDL and RD and their impact on access to general healthcare and HIV services among undocumented immigrants.MethodsWe reviewed documents published by the governments of seven ACs (Andalucía, Aragón, Euskadi (Basque Country), Castilla-La Mancha, Galicia, Madrid, Valencia) from April 2012 to July 2018, describing circumstances under which undocumented immigrants would be able to access free healthcare services. We developed indicators according to the main systemic barriers presented in official documents to analyse access to free healthcare across the participating ACs. ACs were grouped under five access categories: high, medium-high, medium, medium-low and low.ResultsAndalucía provided the highest access to free healthcare for undocumented immigrants in both general care and HIV treatment. Medium-high access was provided by Euskadi and medium access by Aragón, Madrid and Valencia. Castilla-La Mancha provided medium-low access. Galicia had low access. Only Madrid and Galicia provided different and higher level of access to undocumented migrants in HIV care compared with general healthcare.ConclusionsImplementation of 2012 RDL and RD across the ACs varied significantly, in part due to the decentralisation of the Spanish healthcare system. The challenge of healthcare access among undocumented immigrants included persistent systemic restrictions, frequent and unclear rule changes, and the need to navigate differences across ACs of Spain.

scholarly journals Is Russia successful in attracting foreign direct investment? Evidence based on gravity model estimation

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Mariev ◽  
Igor Drapkin ◽  
Kristina Chukavina
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Recipient Country ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Empirical Estimation ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Russian Economy

Abstract The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it is to answer the question of whether Russia is successful in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). Second, it is to identify partner countries that “overinvest” and “underinvest” in the Russian economy. We do this by calculating potential FDI inflows to Russia and comparing them with actual values. This research is associated with the empirical estimation of factors explaining FDI flows between countries. The methodological foundation used for the research is the gravity model of foreign direct investment. In discussing the pros and cons of different econometric methods of the estimation gravity equation, we conclude that the Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood method with instrumental variables (IV PPML) is one of the best options in our case. Using a database covering about 70% of FDI flows for the period of 2001-2011, we discover the following factors that explain the variance of bilateral FDI flows in the world economy: GDP value of investing country, GDP value of recipient country, distance between countries, remoteness of investor country, remoteness of recipient country, level of institutions development in host country, wage level in host country, membership of two countries in a regional economic union, common official language, common border and colonial relationships between countries in the past. The potential values of FDI inflows are calculated using coefficients of regressors from the econometric model. We discover that the Russian economy performs very well in attracting FDI: the actual FDI inflows exceed potential values by 1.72 times. Large developed countries (France, Germany, UK, Italy) overinvest in the Russian economy, while smaller and less developed countries (Czech Republic, Belarus, Denmark, Ukraine) underinvest in Russia. Countries of Southeast Asia (China, South Korea, Japan) also underinvest in the Russian economy.

scholarly journals Health technology assessment in Malaysia

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (S1) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadasivan Sivalal
Keyword(s):  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Guidelines Development

Objectives: Malaysia, as a rapidly developing country, has been facing tremendous pressures in its attempts to maximize scarce resources. Despite this problem, Malaysia has made great strides in developing its health services, and has successfully provided good access to the population to healthcare services, reduced the incidence of many communicable diseases, and improved life expectancies and other global indices of health care, some of which are comparable to that of developed countries.Methods: The Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Unit was set up in Malaysia in August 1995 in the Ministry of Health Malaysia and has since grown tremendously in size and resources. To date, forty-three in-depth assessments have been carried out, and the recommendations of these assessments were subsequently implemented. In addition, approximately 140 rapid assessment reports were produced in response to requests from policy and decision makers. HTA has been able to provide input into formulation of national and Ministry of Health Malaysia policies, and provide a basis for clinical practice guidelines development, input into purchasing decisions, regulation of drugs, as well as advertisements related to health.Results: A major challenge is sustainability of the program, to be able to have trained personnel competent to take on the demanding tasks of assessments and the sustained efforts that are required. In addition, there need to be constant efforts to create awareness of the utility of HTA so that its services are used and its full potential realized. The scope of services may also need to be expanded to include an early warning system.Conclusions: Malaysia has successfully implemented a health technology program that has had major impact on policy formulation and decision making at various levels. Challenges may be faced in sustaining and developing the program further.

Smoke-Free Healthcare Services

1995 ◽  
pp. 489-490
Author(s):  
R. Masironi ◽  
T. Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Free Healthcare

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Use of Telemedicine in the Military Forces Worldwide

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Zeinab Tabanejad ◽  
Shahabeddin Abhari ◽  
Behnam Honarvar ◽  
Mina Lazem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
The Military

Context: Considering the pivotal role of telemedicine in providing healthcare services for remote areas, some of the military medical centers, especially in developed countries, use different types of telemedicine programs. Objectives: The present study aimed at identifying the implemented telemedicine projects in military medicine worldwide and introducing their features. Evidence Acquisition: The current systematic review was performed in 2018. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for articles published from 2014 to 2018 by a combination of related keywords, and the related original articles were then selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected by a data extraction form, and then the data were summarized and reported based on the study objectives. Results: Of the 173 articles retrieved from the first round of search, 12 were included in the study; five (41.66%) studies had used the synchronous (real-time telemedicine) method. The United States, with nine studies, had the highest number of projects in military telemedicine. Most studies (n = 7) were performed on tele-psychology and the application of telemedicine in psychology. All selected studies reported the positive effects of telemedicine on providing healthcare for military forces. Conclusions: The proper utilization of telemedicine equipment is effective in saving time for both patients and healthcare providers, reducing costs, supporting in natural disasters, and satisfying patients with military medicine. To achieve telemedicine program objectives, they should be set precisely. Considering the importance of timely healthcare services, it is suggested to utilize synchronous methods and tools such as video conferencing.

scholarly journals The Cuban Healthcare System: An Insight

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Nisha Zahid ◽  
Farah Ahmed ◽  
Noor Israr ◽  
Akhtar Ali ◽  
Sidra Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Primary Health Care System ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
The World ◽  
Care System

All the countries in the world are struggling to improve their healthcare systems regardless of being rich or poor. Talking about Cuba, it represents an example of well-developed healthcare system and policies which is comparable to developed countries of the world. The success of Cuban healthcare system largely depends upon its strong primary health care system, proper immunization, robust public health policies, treating all the population classes equally providing them with free healthcare services. The control of infection spread and non-communicable diseases also contributes to the success of Cuban Healthcare system. We have discussed the Cuban health care system from start till the current situation and also, we performed SWOT analysis to bring the clearer depiction of the Cuban Healthcare System as it highlights the key internal and external issues which are further discussed in detail.

Improving Health using Therapies 2.0 with Ubiquitous Wireless Access

2013 ◽  
pp. 953-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa M. Macías ◽  
Alvaro Suarez ◽  
Fernando Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Video On Demand ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Wireless Access ◽  
On Demand ◽  
On Line ◽  
User Centric

Improved 4G communication technologies in conjunction to Web 2.0 technologies are contributing to design and implement new and exciting healthcare services for citizens that can be accessed any time and any place. Tobacco is a risk factor causing increased morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Smoking cessation is a hard challenge for several people that can be achieve with the help of Web 2.0 and wireless access technologies to multimedia information. There are a lot of basic Web 1.0 portals for smoking cessation. The authors present an overview of serious damages or even death provoked by nicotine poisoning, an overview of on-line group therapies, and their user-centric Web 2.0 Portal intended for smoking cessation. They demonstrate innovative and effective facts of their Web 2.0 portal: Wireless access, scheduled agendas, and video on-demand services.

Pervasive Networks and Ubiquitous Monitoring for Wellness Monitoring in Residential Aged Care

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Leroy Lai Yu Chan ◽  
Branko George Celler ◽  
James Zhaonan Zhang ◽  
Nigel Hamilton Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Enabling Technologies ◽  
Aged Care Facilities ◽  
Residential Aged Care Facilities ◽  
Key Enabling Technologies

It is becoming more critical for developed countries to deliver long-term and financially sustainable healthcare services to an expanding ageing population, especially in the area of residential aged care. There is a general consensus that innovations in the area of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are key enabling technologies for reaching this goal. The major focus of this chapter is on WSN design considerations for ubiquitous wellness monitoring systems in residential aged care facilities. The major enabling technologies for building a pervasive WSN will be explored, including details on sensor design, wireless communication protocols and network topologies. Also examined are various data processing methods and knowledge management tools to support the collection of sensor data and their subsequent analysis for health assessment. Future systems that incorporate the two aspects of wellness monitoring, vital signs and activities of daily living (ADL) monitoring, will also be introduced.

Country-of-origin and CSR initiatives: a social dominance perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-515
Author(s):  
Leyla Orudzheva ◽  
Nolan Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Context

Purpose Research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) continues to proliferate, but why and how multinational enterprises (MNEs) from different parts of the world engage in CSR is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in behavior based on the status of the MNE’s home country relative to the host country. Design/methodology/approach Applying a social dominance theory (SDT) framework, the authors explain variations in MNE behavior because of perceived hierarchical differences between a MNE’s home country and that of the host country. It is posited that these hierarchical differences trigger a country-of-origin bias that affects stakeholders’ expectations for the MNE, as well as that firm’s response to those expectations. In this integrative conceptual paper, we propose a testable framework derived from a deductive approach that applies the tenets of SDT to predict outcomes of CSR implementation by MNE’s subsidiaries. Findings MNEs from less developed countries are subject to lower expectations and engage in self-debilitating behavior, which may hinder their attempts to implement CSR initiatives in more developed countries. Paradoxically, engaging in CSR initiatives could help reduce liability of foreignness and increase chances for competitive advantage. Practical implications MNEs from developing countries should be aware of a potential country-of-origin bias affecting decisions on CSR implementation and that could also be detrimental to their competitive advantage when operating in more developed countries. Conversely, MNEs from developed countries should be ready for higher expectations of their CSR initiatives in less developed countries. Originality/value This paper strives to contribute to two extant literatures. First, it contributes to the social dominance literature by applying the perspective in the international business context, specifically research on MNE liability of origin. Second, this perspective offers testable propositions on how perceived hierarchies and liability of origin affect firm decision-making, specifically in the context of developing country MNEs. Third, this paper seeks to expand the discussion of MNE subsidiary CSR behavior to account for the relative context of the home and host country.

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