scholarly journals Palindromic Rheumatism: Biology and Treatment Options

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Noor ◽  
Ali Raza Ishaq ◽  
Fatima Noor ◽  
Tahira Younis ◽  
Afshan Syed Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gold Therapy ◽  
Palindromic Rheumatism ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Palindromic rheumatism is a syndrome characterized by recurrent, self-resolving, and inflammatory attacks in and around the joints that have long recognized association with rheumatoid arthritis. PR attacks mostly start in small joints i.e. knees, shoulder, and small joints of the hand. Whether PR should be considered as a single disease or prodrome of RA remains a thought-provoking question. Multiple genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of PR. Many studies have explained the relationship between a high concentration of Anti-CCP antibodies and PR. Potential benefits of Gold therapy have been recognized in literature but still, there are some questions about toxicity and efficacy that need further considerations. In addition to that anti-malarial drugs, Abatacept, Tofacitinib, and Rituximab showed the variable result in different patients and needed further study to validate their medical use. Moreover, yarrow, oat, colchicum, dill, fennel, wild rue, bitter melon, willow, garlic, and burdock seem suitable candidates to treat rheumatoid although their use in PR is still not reported. Additional experimental researches on these drugs lead to an increase in our knowledge to fight against PR in the future using novel therapeutic approaches. We have attempted to cover this topic in a chapter form to provide a comprehensive view and hope that it will serve as a reference for clinicians who treat patients with PR.

New Therapeutics for Ulcerative Colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-213
Author(s):  
Robert P. Hirten ◽  
Bruce E. Sands
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing and remitting inflammatory disease of the colon with a variable course. Despite advances in treatment, only approximately 40% of patients achieve clinical remission at the end of a year, prompting the exploration of new treatment modalities. This review explores novel therapeutic approaches to UC, including promising drugs in various stages of development, efforts to maximize the efficacy of currently available treatment options, and non-medication-based modalities. Treatment approaches which show promise in impacting the future of UC management are highlighted.

Management of maxillary midline diastema with emphasis on etiology

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Gkantidis ◽  
Olga-Elpis Kolokitha ◽  
Nikolaos Topouzelis
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Treatment Objective ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Scientific Documentation ◽  
Normal Feature

The importance of the presence of a maxillary midline diastema resides in its position and the concern it causes to patients. This specific diastema has been attributed to genetic and environmental factors, even though it is often a normal feature of growth, especially in primary and mixed dentition. The need for treatment is mainly attributed to esthetic and psychological reasons, rather than functional ones. Although it is often the case, treatment plans should not be selected empirically but rather should be based on adequate scientific documentation. Possible therapeutic approaches include orthodontics, restorative dentistry, surgery and various combinations of the above. The ideal treatment should seek to manage not only the diastema in question but also the cause behind it. Irrespective of the treatment alternative selected, permanent retention of stable results should be considered as a treatment objective. The aim of this paper is to underscore the main etiological factors for the presence of a maxillary midline diastema and to illustrate the clinical and laboratory examinations required to recognize these factors. Furthermore, alternative treatment options are discussed depending on the etiology of the problem.

Psychiatric neuroimaging: Joining forces with epidemiology

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Glahn ◽  
Abraham Reichenberg ◽  
Sophia Frangou ◽  
Hans Ormel
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSevere mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and mood disorders have a major impact on public health. Disease prevalence and phenotypic expression are the products of environment and gene interactions. However, our incomplete understanding of their aetiology and pathophysiology thwarts primary prevention and early diagnosis and limits the effective application of currently available treatments as well as the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Neuroimaging can provide detailed in vivo information about the biological mechanisms underpinning the relationship between genetic variation and clinical phenotypes or response to treatment. However, the biological complexity of severe mental illness results from unknown or unpredictable interactions between multiple genetic and environmental factors, many of which have only been partially identified. We propose that the use of epidemiological principles to neuroimaging research is a necessary next step in psychiatric research. Because of the complexity of mental disorders and the multiple risk factors involved only the use of large epidemiologically defined samples will allow us to study the broader spectrum of psychopathology, including sub-threshold presentation and explore pathophysiological processes and the functional impact of genetic and non-genetic factors on the onset and persistence of psychopathology.

Psoriasis: from pathogenesis to novel therapeutic approaches

2010 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Monteleone ◽  
Francesco Pallone ◽  
Thomas T. MacDonald ◽  
Sergio Chimenti ◽  
Antonio Costanzo
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Effector T Cells ◽  
Epidermal Hyperplasia ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Excessive Inflammatory Response ◽  
Dynamic Interplay ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Psoriasis is one of the commonest chronic inflammatory disorders. Its cause is unknown, but a wealth of studies indicate that the disease results from a complex and dynamic interplay between genetic and environmental factors that trigger an excessive inflammatory response in the skin. Dendritic cells and effector T-cells are central in the development of the psoriastic lesion, and cytokines produced by these cells stimulate keratinocytes to proliferate and increase the migration of inflammatory cells into the skin, promoting epidermal hyperplasia and inflammation. Understanding the immunology of the psoriatic plaque has led to new therapeutic options and novel candidates for immunomodulation, and has changed the ways psoriatic patients are managed.

Recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for breast cancer: A comprehensive review

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Noor ◽  
Ayesha Noor ◽  
Ali Raza Ishaq ◽  
Iqra Farzeen ◽  
Muhammad Hamzah Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Medical Task

: A silent monster breast cancer is a challenging medical task for researchers. Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women related to other cancers. A case of breast cancer is diagnosed among women every 19 seconds, and every 74 seconds a women dies of breast cancer somewhere in the world. Several risk factors such as genetic and environmental factors favor breast cancer development. This review tends to provide deep understandings regarding the genetics of breast cancer along with multiple diagnostic and therapeutic approaches as problem-solving negotiators to switch off the progression of breast cancer. This assembled data mainly aims to discuss omics-based approaches to provide enthralling diagnostic biomarkers and emerging novel therapies to combat breast cancer. This review article intends to pave a new path for the discovery of effective treatment options.

Dyskinesia - Advances in the Understanding of Pathophysiology and Possible Treatment Options

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna S Lindgren ◽  
M Angela Cenci ◽  
Emma L Lane ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Abnormal Involuntary Movements ◽  
Treatment Alternatives ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

The degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease gives rise to tremor and slowness of movement, cardinal motor symptoms of the disease that can be alleviated by the dopamine precursor L-DOPA. Despite this, long-term L-DOPA treatment is hampered by the development of abnormal involuntary movements, i.e. dyskinesia, in the majority of patients. The pathophysiology of dyskinesia is complex and multifactorial, but excessive swings in extracellular dopamine causing aberrant plasticity in dopaminoceptive neurons are attributed a primary role. To date there are few effective treatment alternatives for patients with Parkinson’s disease experiencing dyskinesia, representing an unmet therapeutic need in the treatment strategy of the disease. This article reviews recent findings from both clinical and pre-clinical studies and their impact on the search for novel therapeutic approaches to levodopa-induced dyskinesia.

scholarly journals Looking forward: novel therapeutic approaches in chronic and advanced phases of myelofibrosis

Hematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mascarenhas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Jak2 Inhibitor ◽  
Alternative Donor ◽  
Jak2 Inhibition ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

AbstractMyelofibrosis (MF) is complex at the pathobiologic level and heterogeneous at the clinical level. The advances in molecular characterization of MF provide important insight into the mechanisms driving this chronic myeloid malignancy, refine risk stratification, offer novel therapeutic targets, and serve to measure therapeutic response. Although JAK2 inhibition has been the focus of laboratory and clinical efforts over the last decade, current experimental therapeutic approaches have broadened to include inhibitors of key alternative signaling pathways, epigenetic modulators, anti-fibrotics, and immunotherapies. Based on compelling preclinical rationale, a number of JAK2 inhibitor based combination therapies are now actively being evaluated in the clinic with the goal of disease course modification. The role and timing of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) for MF has been challenged with the availability of commercial ruxolitinib and the plethora of experimental treatment options that exist. Integration of preconditioning JAK2 inhibition, reduced intensity conditioning regimens, and alternative donor sources are all being explored in an attempt to optimize this potentially curative modality. This review will summarize modern MF risk stratification, current clinical research approaches to chronic and advance phase MF focusing on novel agents alone and in combination, and update the reader on new directions in HSCT.

Establishing a Group Educational Session for Hyperacusis Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
Ann E. Perreau ◽  
Richard S. Tyler ◽  
Patricia C. Mancini ◽  
Shelley Witt ◽  
Mohamed Salah Elgandy
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Education Session ◽  
Group Approach ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Educational Session ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Audiologists should be treating hyperacusis patients. However, it can be difficult to know where to begin because treatment protocols and evidence-based treatment studies are lacking. A good place to start in any tinnitus and hyperacusis clinic is to incorporate a group educational session. Method Here, we outline our approach to establishing a hyperacusis group educational session that includes specific aspects of getting to know each patient to best meet their needs, understanding the problems associated with hyperacusis, explaining the auditory system and the relationship of hyperacusis to hearing loss and tinnitus, describing the influence of hyperacusis on daily life, and introducing treatment options. Subjective responses from 11 adults with hyperacusis, who participated in a recent clinical group education session, were discussed to illustrate examples from actual patients. Conclusions Due to the devastating nature of hyperacusis, patients need to be reassured that they are not alone and that they can rely on audiologists to provide support and guidance. A group approach can facilitate the therapeutic process by connecting patients with others who are also affected by hyperacusis, and by educating patients and significant others on hyperacusis and its treatment options. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8121197

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