Management of maxillary midline diastema with emphasis on etiology

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Gkantidis ◽  
Olga-Elpis Kolokitha ◽  
Nikolaos Topouzelis
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Treatment Objective ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Scientific Documentation ◽  
Normal Feature

The importance of the presence of a maxillary midline diastema resides in its position and the concern it causes to patients. This specific diastema has been attributed to genetic and environmental factors, even though it is often a normal feature of growth, especially in primary and mixed dentition. The need for treatment is mainly attributed to esthetic and psychological reasons, rather than functional ones. Although it is often the case, treatment plans should not be selected empirically but rather should be based on adequate scientific documentation. Possible therapeutic approaches include orthodontics, restorative dentistry, surgery and various combinations of the above. The ideal treatment should seek to manage not only the diastema in question but also the cause behind it. Irrespective of the treatment alternative selected, permanent retention of stable results should be considered as a treatment objective. The aim of this paper is to underscore the main etiological factors for the presence of a maxillary midline diastema and to illustrate the clinical and laboratory examinations required to recognize these factors. Furthermore, alternative treatment options are discussed depending on the etiology of the problem.

scholarly journals The multidisciplinary management of median diastema

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-237
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khurshed Alam
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Multidisciplinary Management ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Innovative Therapies ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Scientific Documentation ◽  
Normal Feature

Maxillary midline diastemas are a common esthetic problem that dentists must treat. Many innovative therapies have been used, varying from restorative procedures to surgery (frenectomies) and orthodontics. The importance of the presence of a maxillary midline diastema resides in its position and the concern it causes to patients. This specific diastema has been attributed to genetic and environmental factors, even though it is often a normal feature of growth, especially in primary and mixed dentition. The need for treatment is mainly attributed to esthetic and psychological reasons, rather than functional ones. Although it is often the case, treatment plans should not be selected empirically but rather should be based on adequate scientific documentation. This paper reviews different treatment techniques to manage the situation and presents three cases to illustrate a range of restorative, prosthetic and orthodontic options. Keywords: Midline diastema; dental spacing; etiology; treatment; relapse. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i4.6691Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.4 July 2010 pp.234-237

Recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for breast cancer: A comprehensive review

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Noor ◽  
Ayesha Noor ◽  
Ali Raza Ishaq ◽  
Iqra Farzeen ◽  
Muhammad Hamzah Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Medical Task

: A silent monster breast cancer is a challenging medical task for researchers. Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women related to other cancers. A case of breast cancer is diagnosed among women every 19 seconds, and every 74 seconds a women dies of breast cancer somewhere in the world. Several risk factors such as genetic and environmental factors favor breast cancer development. This review tends to provide deep understandings regarding the genetics of breast cancer along with multiple diagnostic and therapeutic approaches as problem-solving negotiators to switch off the progression of breast cancer. This assembled data mainly aims to discuss omics-based approaches to provide enthralling diagnostic biomarkers and emerging novel therapies to combat breast cancer. This review article intends to pave a new path for the discovery of effective treatment options.

scholarly journals Palindromic Rheumatism: Biology and Treatment Options

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Noor ◽  
Ali Raza Ishaq ◽  
Fatima Noor ◽  
Tahira Younis ◽  
Afshan Syed Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gold Therapy ◽  
Palindromic Rheumatism ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Palindromic rheumatism is a syndrome characterized by recurrent, self-resolving, and inflammatory attacks in and around the joints that have long recognized association with rheumatoid arthritis. PR attacks mostly start in small joints i.e. knees, shoulder, and small joints of the hand. Whether PR should be considered as a single disease or prodrome of RA remains a thought-provoking question. Multiple genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of PR. Many studies have explained the relationship between a high concentration of Anti-CCP antibodies and PR. Potential benefits of Gold therapy have been recognized in literature but still, there are some questions about toxicity and efficacy that need further considerations. In addition to that anti-malarial drugs, Abatacept, Tofacitinib, and Rituximab showed the variable result in different patients and needed further study to validate their medical use. Moreover, yarrow, oat, colchicum, dill, fennel, wild rue, bitter melon, willow, garlic, and burdock seem suitable candidates to treat rheumatoid although their use in PR is still not reported. Additional experimental researches on these drugs lead to an increase in our knowledge to fight against PR in the future using novel therapeutic approaches. We have attempted to cover this topic in a chapter form to provide a comprehensive view and hope that it will serve as a reference for clinicians who treat patients with PR.

scholarly journals The effects of a preoperative multidisciplinary conference on outcomes for high-risk patients with challenging surgical treatment options: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Koike ◽  
Mie Yoshimura ◽  
Yasushi Mio ◽  
Shoichi Uezono
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Multidisciplinary Conference

Abstract Background Surgical options for patients vary with age and comorbidities, advances in medical technology and patients’ wishes. This complexity can make it difficult for surgeons to determine appropriate treatment plans independently. At our institution, final decisions regarding treatment for patients are made at multidisciplinary meetings, termed High-Risk Conferences, led by the Patient Safety Committee. Methods In this retrospective study, we assessed the reasons for convening High-Risk Conferences, the final decisions made and treatment outcomes using conference records and patient medical records for conferences conducted at our institution from April 2010 to March 2018. Results A total of 410 High-Risk Conferences were conducted for 406 patients during the study period. The department with the most conferences was cardiovascular surgery (24%), and the reasons for convening conferences included the presence of severe comorbidities (51%), highly difficult surgeries (41%) and nonmedical/personal issues (8%). Treatment changes were made for 49 patients (12%), including surgical modifications for 20 patients and surgery cancellation for 29. The most common surgical modification was procedure reduction (16 patients); 4 deaths were reported. Follow-up was available for 21 patients for whom surgery was cancelled, with 11 deaths reported. Conclusions Given that some change to the treatment plan was made for 12% of the patients discussed at the High-Risk Conferences, we conclude that participants of these conferences did not always agree with the original surgical plan and that the multidisciplinary decision-making process of the conferences served to allow for modifications. Many of the modifications involved reductions in procedures to reflect a more conservative approach, which might have decreased perioperative mortality and the incidence of complications as well as unnecessary surgeries. High-risk patients have complex issues, and it is difficult to verify statistically whether outcomes are associated with changes in course of treatment. Nevertheless, these conferences might be useful from a patient safety perspective and minimize the potential for legal disputes.

scholarly journals MP-AzeFlu in Moderate-to-Severe Allergic Rhinitis: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ludger Klimek ◽  
William E. Berger ◽  
Jean Bousquet ◽  
Paul K. Keith ◽  
Peter Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Fluticasone Propionate ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Intranasal Corticosteroids ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Complex

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is prevalent, and many patients present with moderate-to-severe symptomatic disease. The majority of patients are not satisfied with their AR treatment, despite the use of concurrent medications. These gaps underscore the need for treatment with more effective options for moderate-to-severe AR. The authors’ objective was to review systematically the efficacy and safety of MP-AzeFlu for the treatment of AR. The primary outcomes studied were nasal, ocular, and total symptoms. Other outcomes included time to onset and of AR control, quality of life, and safety. Searches of PubMed and Cochrane databases were conducted on May 14, 2020, with no date restrictions, to identify publications reporting data on MP-AzeFlu. Clinical studies of any phase were included. Studies were excluded if they were not in English, were review articles, did not discuss the safety and efficacy of MP-AzeFlu for AR symptoms. Treatment of AR with MP-AzeFlu results in effective, sustained relief of nasal and ocular symptoms, and faster onset and time to control compared with intranasal azelastine or fluticasone propionate. Long-term use of MP-AzeFlu was safe, with benefits in children, adults, and adults aged ≥65 years. Other treatment options, including fluticasone propionate and azelastine alone or the combination of intranasal corticosteroids and oral antihistamine, do not provide the same level of efficacy as MP-AzeFlu in terms of rapid and sustained relief of the entire AR symptom complex. Furthermore, MP-AzeFlu significantly improves patient quality of life. MP-AzeFlu is a currently available combination that may satisfy all these patient needs and expectations.

Understanding relevant immune mechanisms in gastrointestinal oncology

2021 ◽  
pp. 107815522199286
Author(s):  
Bulent Cetin ◽  
Ozge Gumusay
Keyword(s):  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibition ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibition ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Gi Cancers ◽  
The Many

Rapid and successful drug development has resulted in multiple treatment options for gastrointestinal cancer, requiring careful decision making for individual patients. The general theme in modern immunology is that the field is moving beyond establishing the fundamental principles of immune response mechanisms to applying these propositions to understand human diseases and develop new therapies. Immunotherapy has contributed enormously to cancer treatments with a virtual explosion in novel therapeutics including checkpoint inhibitors and other recently developed immunomodulators and the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Although the majority of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are generally considered poorly immunogenic, clinical trials have revealed that some of the patients with various gastrointestinal cancers are highly responsive to immune checkpoint inhibition-based therapies. We paid special attention to the clinical relevance of immunology and emphasized how newly developed therapies work, including what their strengths and pitfalls are. This review aims to enhance the interest of practitioners in the many specialties and subspecialties that the discipline influences and to assist them in understanding this increasing complexity.

New Therapeutics for Ulcerative Colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-213
Author(s):  
Robert P. Hirten ◽  
Bruce E. Sands
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing and remitting inflammatory disease of the colon with a variable course. Despite advances in treatment, only approximately 40% of patients achieve clinical remission at the end of a year, prompting the exploration of new treatment modalities. This review explores novel therapeutic approaches to UC, including promising drugs in various stages of development, efforts to maximize the efficacy of currently available treatment options, and non-medication-based modalities. Treatment approaches which show promise in impacting the future of UC management are highlighted.

Suffocated Maxillary Central Incisors (Surgical and Orthodontic Management): A Report of Two Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Barun Kumar Sah ◽  
Jamal Giri ◽  
Bandana Koirala ◽  
Mamta Dali ◽  
Sneha Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Permanent Tooth ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Supernumerary Teeth ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Maxillary Incisors

Clinically, supernumerary teeth are able to cause different local disorders and the most common one is impaction of maxillary incisors. Impacted maxillary incisors substantially affect esthetics, function, and self‑esteem of patients. Impaction of maxillary permanent incisor is a rare clinical entity in dental practice. Although impaction of a permanent tooth is rarely diagnosed during the mixed dentition period, an impacted central incisor is usually diagnosed accurately when there is delay in the eruption of tooth. Multiple treatment options are available for impacted incisors. Surgical-orthodontic treatment is one of the alternative option for the correction. Early diagnosis and management of supernumer¬ary teeth is important to prevent the need for more complex surgical and orthodontic treatment. Here, we present a report of two cases of impacted maxillary incisors and its management

scholarly journals Early management of class II division 2 malocclusion. Literature review

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Rodríguez-Manjarrés ◽  
Margarita-Rosa Padilla-Tello
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Mandibular Advancement ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Mandibular Retrognathism ◽  
Dental Crowding ◽  
Division 2

This paper presents the most relevant information about the class II division 2 malocclusion (II / 2) described in the literature and different treatment options based on orthopedics. Class II malocclusion is characterized by mandibular retrognathism and / or prognathic maxillary which could affect the molar relationship and considering the dental component is subdivided into Type 1, characterized by vestibular inclination of all upper incisors and Type 2 with upper central incisors retroclined and vestibularized lateral incisors. It presents multifactorial etiology. As reported by the literature, the incidence of malocclusion Class II / 2 ranges from 3-12%. It is characterized by different vertical, transverse, facial, skeletal and dental features that differentiate it from other malocclusions, and thus make decisions on time. Therefore, early treatment of this type of malocclusion, can reduce the possibility of surgery, minimizec the severity of the alteration in stomatological system functions and improve the overall appearance of the patient. The goals of treatment are directed transversely performing maxillary expansion to allow correction in alteration of the axial inclination of the upper incisors and solve dental crowding, leading to a malocclusion class II / 1, for further mandibular advancement. Keywords: Malocclusion, Class II Division 2, mixed dentition, functional orthopedics of the jaws.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Aspects of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Schmidt ◽  
Florian Holsboer ◽  
Theo Rein
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Covalent Modifications ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
And Control

Development of psychiatric diseases such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) invokes, as with most complex diseases, both genetic and environmental factors. The era of genome-wide high throughput technologies has sparked the initiation of genotype screenings in large cohorts of diseased and control individuals, but had limited success in identification of disease causing genetic variants. It has become evident that these efforts at the genomic level need to be complemented with endeavours in elucidating the proteome, transcriptome and epigenetic profiles. Epigenetics is attractive in particular because there is accumulating evidence that the lasting impact of adverse life events is reflected in certain covalent modifications of the chromatin.In this review, we outline the characteristics of PTSD as a stress-related disease and survey recent developments revealing epigenetic aspects of stress-related disorders in general. There is also increasing direct evidence for gene programming and epigenetic components in PTSD. Finally, we discuss treatment options in the light of recent discoveries of epigenetic mechanisms of psychotropic drugs.

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