scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds in Legumes: Composition, Processing and Gut Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayra Nicolás-García ◽  
Cristian Jiménez-Martínez ◽  
Madeleine Perucini-Avendaño ◽  
Brenda Hildeliza Camacho-Díaz ◽  
Antonio Ruperto Jiménez-Aparicio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Seed Processing ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Gut health is fundamental for human well-being and prevents chronic degenerative diseases and is influenced by the interaction between gut microbiota and food components. In recent years, interest in phenolic compounds has increased due to their health benefits such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, cardio- and neuro-protective properties. Legumes are an essential source of phytochemicals, particularly flavonoids and phenolic acids, distributed mainly in the seed coat, and have been reported to exhibit multiple biological effects. Flavonoids present in legumes have been shown to regulate metabolic stability and membrane transport in the intestine, thus improving bioavailability. Seed processing such as cooking allows the release of phenolic compounds, improving polyphenols digestion and absorption at the intestinal level, maintaining their protective capacity in the oxidative process at the cellular level, and modulating the gut microbiota. All these actions improve gut health, avoiding diseases like irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, diabetes, colitis, and colorectal cancer. The effect of the consumption of legumes such as chickpea, pea, and bean, as well as the contribution of phenolic compounds to gut health, will be reviewed in this study.

scholarly journals Individualized Responses of Gut Microbiota to Dietary Intervention Modeled in Humanized Mice

mSystems ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Smits ◽  
Angela Marcobal ◽  
Steven Higginbottom ◽  
Justin L. Sonnenburg ◽  
Purna C. Kashyap
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
And Function ◽  
Generation Sequencing

ABSTRACT Dietary modification has long been used empirically to modify symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and a diverse group of diseases with gastrointestinal symptoms. There is both anecdotal and scientific evidence to suggest that individuals respond quite differently to similar dietary changes, and the highly individualized nature of the gut microbiota makes it a prime candidate for these differences. To overcome the typical confounding factors of human dietary interventions, here we employ ex-germfree mice colonized by microbiotas of three different humans to test how different microbiotas respond to a defined change in carbohydrate content of diet by measuring changes in microbiota composition and function using marker gene-based next-generation sequencing and metabolomics. Our findings suggest that the same diet has very different effects on each microbiota’s membership and function, which may in turn explain interindividual differences in response to a dietary ingredient. Diet plays an important role in shaping the structure and function of the gut microbiota. The microbes and microbial products in turn can influence various aspects of host physiology. One promising route to affect host function and restore health is by altering the gut microbiome using dietary intervention. The individuality of the microbiome may pose a significant challenge, so we sought to determine how different microbiotas respond to the same dietary intervention in a controlled setting. We modeled gut microbiotas from three healthy donors in germfree mice and defined compositional and functional alteration following a change in dietary microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs). The three gut communities exhibited responses that differed markedly in magnitude and in the composition of microbiota-derived metabolites. Adjustments in community membership did not correspond to the magnitude of changes in the microbial metabolites, highlighting potential challenges in predicting functional responses from compositional data and the need to assess multiple microbiota parameters following dietary interventions. IMPORTANCE Dietary modification has long been used empirically to modify symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and a diverse group of diseases with gastrointestinal symptoms. There is both anecdotal and scientific evidence to suggest that individuals respond quite differently to similar dietary changes, and the highly individualized nature of the gut microbiota makes it a prime candidate for these differences. To overcome the typical confounding factors of human dietary interventions, here we employ ex-germfree mice colonized by microbiotas of three different humans to test how different microbiotas respond to a defined change in carbohydrate content of diet by measuring changes in microbiota composition and function using marker gene-based next-generation sequencing and metabolomics. Our findings suggest that the same diet has very different effects on each microbiota’s membership and function, which may in turn explain interindividual differences in response to a dietary ingredient. Author Video: An author video summary of this article is available.

scholarly journals Rebuilding the Gut Microbiota Ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Gagliardi ◽  
Valentina Totino ◽  
Fatima Cacciotti ◽  
Valerio Iebba ◽  
Bruna Neroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Fecal Transplantation ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Predatory Bacteria ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Mutualistic Association ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

A microbial ecosystem in which bacteria no longer live in a mutualistic association is called dysbiotic. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a condition related with the pathogenesis of intestinal illnesses (irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease) and extra-intestinal illnesses (obesity, metabolic disorder, cardiovascular syndrome, allergy, and asthma). Dysbiosis status has been related to various important pathologies, and many therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring the balance of the intestinal ecosystem have been implemented. These strategies include the administration of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics; phage therapy; fecal transplantation; bacterial consortium transplantation; and a still poorly investigated approach based on predatory bacteria. This review discusses the various aspects of these strategies to counteract intestinal dysbiosis.

scholarly journals Inflammatory and Microbiota-Related Regulation of the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Barbara ◽  
Maria Raffaella Barbaro ◽  
Daniele Fuschi ◽  
Marta Palombo ◽  
Francesca Falangone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) is one of the largest interfaces between the environment and the internal milieu of the body. It is essential to limit the passage of harmful antigens and microorganisms and, on the other side, to assure the absorption of nutrients and water. The maintenance of this delicate equilibrium is tightly regulated as it is essential for human homeostasis. Luminal solutes and ions can pass across the IEB via two main routes: the transcellular pathway or the paracellular pathway. Tight junctions (TJs) are a multi-protein complex responsible for the regulation of paracellular permeability. TJs control the passage of antigens through the IEB and have a key role in maintaining barrier integrity. Several factors, including cytokines, gut microbiota, and dietary components are known to regulate intestinal TJs. Gut microbiota participates in several human functions including the modulation of epithelial cells and immune system through the release of several metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Mediators released by immune cells can induce epithelial cell damage and TJs dysfunction. The subsequent disruption of the IEB allows the passage of antigens into the mucosa leading to further inflammation. Growing evidence indicates that dysbiosis, immune activation, and IEB dysfunction have a role in several diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and gluten-related conditions. Here we summarize the interplay between the IEB and gut microbiota and mucosal immune system and their involvement in IBS, IBD, and gluten-related disorders.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota: friend or foe

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Ansh Chaudhary ◽  
Shubhi Shubhangi Bhatnagar ◽  
Meghna Prashant Nair ◽  
Bhupendra Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
System Protection ◽  
Complex Ecosystem ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

Comprising of trillions of various bacteria, protozoan, fungi and viruses, the gut microbiota live in human body as a super complex ecosystem mostly in gastro intestinal tract (70%). Apart from GI tract they also inhabit skin, mouth and sexual organs as an essential ecological community of commensal, symbiotic or even pathogenic relationship. These microbiota interplay with bodily immune, endocrinal, metabolic and nervous system and produces various pathological changes responsible for disease etiology. These microbiota play a major role in digestion and absorption of macro molecules, maturation of immune system, protection of gut and behavioural development of an individual. In gut disorders like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) the altered brain axis is responsible for disorders like depression, anxiety, schizoaffective disorders, autistic spectrum disorders, multiple sclerosis and parkinson’s disease. 

scholarly journals Wood-Derived Dietary Fibers Promote Beneficial Human Gut Microbiota

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Leanti La Rosa ◽  
Vasiliki Kachrimanidou ◽  
Fanny Buffetto ◽  
Phillip B. Pope ◽  
Nicholas A. Pudlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstocks ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Clostridial Cluster ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The architecture of the gut bacterial ecosystem has a profound effect on the physiology and well-being of the host. Modulation of the gut microbiota and the intestinal microenvironment via administration of prebiotics represents a valuable strategy to promote host health. This work provides insights into the ability of two novel wood-derived preparations, AcGGM and AcAGX, to influence human gut microbiota composition and activity. These compounds were selectively fermented by commensal bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides-Prevotella, F. prausnitzii, and clostridial cluster IX spp. This promoted the microbial synthesis of acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which are beneficial to the microbial ecosystem and host colonic epithelial cells. Thus, our results demonstrate potential prebiotic properties for both AcGGM and AcAGX from lignocellulosic feedstocks. These findings represent pivotal requirements for rationally designing intervention strategies based on the dietary supplementation of AcGGM and AcAGX to improve or restore gut health.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Dietary Factors as Modulators of the Mucus Layer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10224
Author(s):  
Samuel Fernández-Tomé ◽  
Lorena Ortega Moreno ◽  
María Chaparro ◽  
Javier P. Gisbert
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

The gastrointestinal tract is optimized to efficiently absorb nutrients and provide a competent barrier against a variety of lumen environmental compounds. Different regulatory mechanisms jointly collaborate to maintain intestinal homeostasis, but alterations in these mechanisms lead to a dysfunctional gastrointestinal barrier and are associated to several inflammatory conditions usually found in chronic pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The gastrointestinal mucus, mostly composed of mucin glycoproteins, covers the epithelium and plays an essential role in digestive and barrier functions. However, its regulation is very dynamic and is still poorly understood. This review presents some aspects concerning the role of mucus in gut health and its alterations in IBD. In addition, the impact of gut microbiota and dietary compounds as environmental factors modulating the mucus layer is addressed. To date, studies have evidenced the impact of the three-way interplay between the microbiome, diet and the mucus layer on the gut barrier, host immune system and IBD. This review emphasizes the need to address current limitations on this topic, especially regarding the design of robust human trials and highlights the potential interest of improving our understanding of the regulation of the intestinal mucus barrier in IBD.

scholarly journals GUT MICROBIOTA, PREBIOTICS, PROBIOTICS, AND SYNBIOTICS IN GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER DISEASES: PROCEEDINGS OF A JOINT MEETING OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY OF HEPATOLOGY (SBH), BRAZILIAN NUCLEUS FOR THE STUDY OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND MICROBIOTA (NBEHPM), AND BRAZILIAN FEDERATION OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (FBG)

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-398
Author(s):  
Ricardo Correa BARBUTI ◽  
Leonardo Lucca SCHIAVON ◽  
Cláudia P OLIVEIRA ◽  
Mário Reis ALVARES-DA-SILVA ◽  
Lígia Yukie SASSAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Joint Meeting ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea

ABSTRACT Over the last years, there is growing evidence that microorganisms are involved in the maintenance of our health and are related to various diseases, both intestinal and extraintestinal. Changes in the gut microbiota appears to be a key element in the pathogenesis of hepatic and gastrointestinal disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and Clostridium difficile - associated diarrhea. In 2019, the Brazilian Society of Hepatology (SBH) in cooperation with the Brazilian Nucleus for the Study of Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota (NBEHPM), and Brazilian Federation of Gastroenterology (FBG) sponsored a joint meeting on gut microbiota and the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in gastrointestinal and liver diseases. This paper summarizes the proceedings of the aforementioned meeting. It is intended to provide practical information about this topic, addressing the latest discoveries and indicating areas for future studies.

scholarly journals One Health, Fermented Foods and Gut Microbiota

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Bell ◽  
Jorge Ferrão ◽  
Lígia Pimentel ◽  
Manuela Pintado ◽  
Tito Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
One Health ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Being There

The microbioma is presently one of the hottest areas of scientific and medical research and exerts a marked influence on the host during homeostasis and disease. Fermented foods arise in the human relationship to the microbial environment. Further to the traditionally recognized effects of fermented foods and beverages on the digestive health and well-being there is now strong evidence on their general health benefits, namely the significance on the gut microbiota and brain functionality. We highlight the possibilities in this field, how little is still known, and call for a convergence of interdisciplinary research fields of One Health microbe-nutrition with fermented foods and gut-brain research. A consequence of civilisation, changes in present-day society in diets with more sugar, fat and salt, habits and lifestyle, contributes to the likelihood of an inflammatory microbiome, particularly the global epidemics of obesity and mental health. Although two recent papers claim that probiotics perturb rather than aid in microbiota recovery back to baseline after antibiotic administration in humans, consuming fermented foods has shown to reduce inflammation so improve gut health and the proper function of the body’s immune system.

Gut Microbiota in Health, Diverticular Disease, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Time for Microbial Marker of Gastrointestinal Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loris Riccardo Lopetuso ◽  
Valentina Petito ◽  
Cristina Graziani ◽  
Elisa Schiavoni ◽  
Francesco Paroni Sterbini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Few data exist on differences in gut microbiota composition among principal gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. We evaluated the differences in gut microbiota composition among uncomplicated diverticular disease (DD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients. DD, IBS, and IBD patients along with healthy controls (CT) were enrolled in our Italian GI outpatient clinic. Stool samples were collected. Microbiota composition was evaluated through a metagenomic gene-targeted approach. GI pathology represented a continuous spectrum of diseases where IBD displayed one extreme, while CT displayed the other. Among Phyla, Biplot PC2/PC3 and dendogram plot showed major differences in samples from IBS and IBD. DD resembled species CT composition, but not for Bacteroides fragilis. In IBS, Dialister spp. and then Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were the most representative species. Ulcerative colitis showed a reduced concentration of Clostridium difficile and an increase of Bacteroides fragilis. In Crohn's disease, Parabacteroides distasonis was the most represented, while Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bacteroides fragilis were significantly reduced. Each disorder has its definite overall microbial signature, which produces a clear differentiation from the others. On the other hand, shared alterations constitute the “core dysbiosis” of GI diseases. The assessment of these microbial markers represents a parameter that may complete the diagnostic assessment.

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