scholarly journals One Health, Fermented Foods and Gut Microbiota

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Bell ◽  
Jorge Ferrão ◽  
Lígia Pimentel ◽  
Manuela Pintado ◽  
Tito Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
One Health ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Being There

The microbioma is presently one of the hottest areas of scientific and medical research and exerts a marked influence on the host during homeostasis and disease. Fermented foods arise in the human relationship to the microbial environment. Further to the traditionally recognized effects of fermented foods and beverages on the digestive health and well-being there is now strong evidence on their general health benefits, namely the significance on the gut microbiota and brain functionality. We highlight the possibilities in this field, how little is still known, and call for a convergence of interdisciplinary research fields of One Health microbe-nutrition with fermented foods and gut-brain research. A consequence of civilisation, changes in present-day society in diets with more sugar, fat and salt, habits and lifestyle, contributes to the likelihood of an inflammatory microbiome, particularly the global epidemics of obesity and mental health. Although two recent papers claim that probiotics perturb rather than aid in microbiota recovery back to baseline after antibiotic administration in humans, consuming fermented foods has shown to reduce inflammation so improve gut health and the proper function of the body’s immune system.

scholarly journals One Health, Fermented Foods, and Gut Microbiota

Foods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Bell ◽  
Jorge Ferrão ◽  
Lígia Pimentel ◽  
Manuela Pintado ◽  
Tito Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
One Health ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Changes in present-day society such as diets with more sugar, salt, and saturated fat, bad habits and unhealthy lifestyles contribute to the likelihood of the involvement of the microbiota in inflammatory diseases, which contribute to global epidemics of obesity, depression, and mental health concerns. The microbiota is presently one of the hottest areas of scientific and medical research, and exerts a marked influence on the host during homeostasis and disease. Fermented foods and beverages are generally defined as products made by microbial organisms and enzymatic conversions of major and minor food components. Further to the commonly-recognized effects of nutrition on the digestive health (e.g., dysbiosis) and well-being, there is now strong evidence for the impact of fermented foods and beverages (e.g., yoghurt, pickles, bread, kefir, beers, wines, mead), produced or preserved by the action of microorganisms, on general health, namely their significance on the gut microbiota balance and brain functionality. Fermented products require microorganisms, i.e., Saccharomyces yeasts and lactic acid bacteria, yielding alcohol and lactic acid. Ingestion of vibrant probiotics, especially those contained in fermented foods, is found to cause significant positive improvements in balancing intestinal permeability and barrier function. Our guts control and deal with every aspect of our health. How we digest our food and even the food sensitivities we have is linked with our mood, behavior, energy, weight, food cravings, hormone balance, immunity, and overall wellness. We highlight some impacts in this domain and debate calls for the convergence of interdisciplinary research fields from the United Nations’ initiative. Worldwide human and animal medicine are practiced separately; veterinary science and animal health are generally neither considered nor inserted within national or international Health discussions. The absence of a clear definition and subsequent vision for the future of One Health may act as a barrier to transdisciplinary collaboration. The point of this mini review is to highlight the role of fermented foods and beverages on gut microbiota and debate if the need for confluence of transdisciplinary fields of One Health is feasible and achievable, since they are managed by separate sectors with limited communication.

Advaita: Oneness as a Lived Reality—Examining Aspects of Profound and a Radical Psychology

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-207
Author(s):  
Shilpa Ashok Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Popular Imagination ◽  
Speculative Philosophy ◽  
Surface Level ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
The World ◽  
Being There

It is all good to say, that the world is one! Are these idealistic/poetic ideas or could there be psychological pathways to experience oneness as a continuous realisation? This is not a question of philosophy or intellectual argumentation, but a question of living and being. There has been now interest in non-dual awareness in research as well ( Josipovic, 2014 ). The objective of this article is to introduce a radical worldview—advaita vedānta that leads to profound cognitive, affective and behavioural implications of well-being beyond the surface level ideas of happiness. Advaita—which means ‘not-two’ is the most profound and radical of psychological theories Indic civilization has experienced and accepted as the epitome—the crown jewel. The Vedāntic worldview and practice with the background throb of all Indic values—of inclusion, love and truth vests in Advaita—oneness. In popular imagination, it has been both esoteric-cised and yet has remained un-commodified. Contrary to popular ideas that look at advaita as a speculative philosophy, advaita is understood as a rich psychological theory with a basis in cognition, knowing, as well as a living in oneness. The students of modern psychology, especially, in India are left poorer, if they are unable to review advaita and yet study consciousness, which is a booming area of research in modern psychology. Advaita is a continuous living realisation—termed as Jīvanmukti, the Vedāntic ideal of being free, while living. Examining the primary Saṃskrit text—Jīvanmukti-viveka, I describe Jīvanmukti—of living in continuous realisation of oneness, till the body drops down, as stated by the great muni, whose above-mentioned abhyāsa grantha—the application manual, is used across Hindu spiritual frameworks and monastic orders, till today.

scholarly journals Wood-Derived Dietary Fibers Promote Beneficial Human Gut Microbiota

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Leanti La Rosa ◽  
Vasiliki Kachrimanidou ◽  
Fanny Buffetto ◽  
Phillip B. Pope ◽  
Nicholas A. Pudlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstocks ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Clostridial Cluster ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The architecture of the gut bacterial ecosystem has a profound effect on the physiology and well-being of the host. Modulation of the gut microbiota and the intestinal microenvironment via administration of prebiotics represents a valuable strategy to promote host health. This work provides insights into the ability of two novel wood-derived preparations, AcGGM and AcAGX, to influence human gut microbiota composition and activity. These compounds were selectively fermented by commensal bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides-Prevotella, F. prausnitzii, and clostridial cluster IX spp. This promoted the microbial synthesis of acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which are beneficial to the microbial ecosystem and host colonic epithelial cells. Thus, our results demonstrate potential prebiotic properties for both AcGGM and AcAGX from lignocellulosic feedstocks. These findings represent pivotal requirements for rationally designing intervention strategies based on the dietary supplementation of AcGGM and AcAGX to improve or restore gut health.

scholarly journals The Association of Dietary Intakes and Gut Microbiota in Korean Lean and Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1550-1550
Author(s):  
Ha-Neul Choi ◽  
Jung-Eun Yim
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Objectives Several studies have reported that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota as a key role in rapid progression of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The diet can affect the composition and proper function of the gut microbiota. However, the association of diets, blood parameters, and gut microbiota studies have not been fully investigated in Korean subjects. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize and compare the dietary intake, blood parameters, and gut microbiota in Korean lean and obese T2DM patients. Methods T2DM patients were recruited. We are classified as obese group (ODM; body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2) and lean group (LDM; BMI < 25 kg/m2). The anthropometric data, body composition, and blood parameters were measured. 3-day food record evaluation was used to analyze dietary intake using computer aided nutritional program (version. 5.0). The gut microbiota was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR. The collected data were analyzed statistically using SPSS statistics (version 25.0). Results Body weight, body fat mass, and % body fat of the ODM group were significantly higher than the LDM group. Compared with the ODM group, serum adropin and adiponectin of the LDM group were significant higher, whereas serum leptin of the LDM group was significant lower. The intakes of energy, fat, cholesterol, and protein in the ODM group tended to be higher in comparison the LDM group, although the difference was not significant. The difference of gut microbiota between the LDM and ODM groups was not found. However, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly increased in accordance with BMI, the Prevotella was also positive correlated with PUFA intake. In ODM group, the consumption of vegetables was positively correlated with the Lactobacillus. Conclusions We found that the diet can affect the composition of gut microbiota and the effects of diet were different depending of the body weight in Korean T2DM patients. Funding Sources This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP).

scholarly journals Fermented Foods and Beverages in Human Diet and Their Influence on Gut Microbiota and Health

Fermentation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Mota de Carvalho ◽  
Eduardo M. Costa ◽  
Sara Silva ◽  
Lígia Pimentel ◽  
Tito H. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
The World

Dietary changes have accompanied the evolution of humanity and is proven to be fundamental in human evolution and well-being. Nutrition is essential for survival and as a matter of health and equilibrium of the human body. About 1/3 of the human diet is composed by fermented foods and beverages, which are widely distributed and consumed in different societies around the world, no matter the culture and lifestyle. Fermented foods are derived from the fermentation process of different substrates by microorganisms, and more importantly to humans, by those with beneficial characteristics, due to the positive impact on health. Food is transformed in the gut, gaining new proprieties, and increasing its value to the organism. The effects of fermented foods and beverages can be assessed by its influence at the gut microbiota level. Recent studies show the major importance of the gut microbiota role in modulating the organism homeostasis and homeorhesis. More crosslinks between health, gut microbiota and diet are being established especially in the gut–brain axis field. Therefore, the benefits of diet, in particularly of fermented foods and beverages, should be studied and pursued in order to promote a good health status.

scholarly journals The Ameliorative Effects of Isorhynchophylline on Morphine Dependence Are Mediated Through the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Chen ◽  
Chen Zhijie ◽  
Zhou Yuting ◽  
Li Chan ◽  
Xiao Shilin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphine Dependence ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Bv2 Cells ◽  
Morphine Addiction ◽  
The Brain

Morphine abuse is a global public health problem. Increasing evidence has shown that gut microbiota dysbiosis plays an important role in several central nervous system diseases. However, whether there is an association between gut microbiota and morphine dependence remains unclear. In this study, the effects of isorhynchophylline on morphine dependence were evaluated based on the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). The results showed that isorhynchophylline could reverse the changes in alpha and beta diversity, composition, and richness of the intestinal flora occurring in morphine-dependent zebrafish, as well as the morphine-induced changes in the expression of MGBA-related genes in BV2 cells and the brain and intestine of zebrafish. Based on the results, we then used antibiotics to evaluate whether disrupting the gut microbiota would affect morphine addiction in zebrafish. The results showed that the antibiotic-induced intestinal floral imbalance changed the behavior of morphine-dependent zebrafish, the characteristics of the zebrafish intestinal flora, and the expression of MGBA-related genes in the zebrafish brain and intestine. Importantly, we also show that, following antibiotic administration, the ameliorative effects of isorhynchophylline on morphine addiction were lost. Together, our results indicate that the gut microbiota interacts with the brain, and dysbiosis of the intestinal flora may affect the efficacy of isorhynchophylline in the body. Our findings provide a novel framework for understanding the mechanisms of morphine addiction through the MGBA and may provide new therapeutic strategies for the use of Chinese medicines in the prevention of drug addiction.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds in Legumes: Composition, Processing and Gut Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayra Nicolás-García ◽  
Cristian Jiménez-Martínez ◽  
Madeleine Perucini-Avendaño ◽  
Brenda Hildeliza Camacho-Díaz ◽  
Antonio Ruperto Jiménez-Aparicio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Seed Processing ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Gut health is fundamental for human well-being and prevents chronic degenerative diseases and is influenced by the interaction between gut microbiota and food components. In recent years, interest in phenolic compounds has increased due to their health benefits such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, cardio- and neuro-protective properties. Legumes are an essential source of phytochemicals, particularly flavonoids and phenolic acids, distributed mainly in the seed coat, and have been reported to exhibit multiple biological effects. Flavonoids present in legumes have been shown to regulate metabolic stability and membrane transport in the intestine, thus improving bioavailability. Seed processing such as cooking allows the release of phenolic compounds, improving polyphenols digestion and absorption at the intestinal level, maintaining their protective capacity in the oxidative process at the cellular level, and modulating the gut microbiota. All these actions improve gut health, avoiding diseases like irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, diabetes, colitis, and colorectal cancer. The effect of the consumption of legumes such as chickpea, pea, and bean, as well as the contribution of phenolic compounds to gut health, will be reviewed in this study.

scholarly journals Microbiota Innovative Management Modalities in Mastering a Healthy Gut … Feeding Update …!

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Bovine Lactoferrin

Introduction: Our mini review aims to state the evidence-based effect of the implementation of newborn infant nutrition with prebiotics and probiotics has been demonstrated in changing microflora composition toward the desired breast-feeding pattern and stimulating immune response Considerable efforts have been made to mimic the composition of human milk by the addition to formula feeding of living bacteria (probiotics), non-digestible fibers, nucleotides and oligosaccharides (prebiotics), and bovine lactoferrin in order to induce a breast-fed-similar microbiota colonization in formula-fed infants, with the final aim to stimulate the maturation and proper function of the immune system Several studies performed in the past decades have clearly demonstrated the complexity of gut microbiota composition and the modulatory effect played by several endogenous and exogenous factors on it. Type of feeding in the first months of life appears as one of the most important determinants of the child and adult well-being, and its protective action seems to rely mainly on its ability to modulate intestinal microflora composition at early stages of life. Diet has a dominant role over other possible variables such ethnicity, sanitation, hygiene, geography, and climate, in shaping the gut microbiota. In recent years, the implementation of milk formula with prebiotics, probiotics, and lactoferrin has been demonstrated to change newborns’ microflora composition toward breast-feeding pattern and stimulate immune response Conclusions: The aim of this Mini Review is to elucidate the specific immunologic role of the human milk-associated microbiota and its impact on the newborn’s health and life, highlighting the importance to properly study the biological interactions in a bacterial population and between the microbiota and the host. This mini review discusses the composition of human milk and its biological benefit for infants. Additionally, we also discuss how these beneficial effects can be mimicked if breastfeeding is not possible. And to highlight the specific and fundamental role of human milk-associated bacteria in modulating and influencing the newborns’ immune system during their life.

The Effects of a Caffeine Placebo and Experimenter Expectation on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Well-Being, and Cognitive Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Walach ◽  
Stefan Schmidt ◽  
Yvonne-Michelle Bihr ◽  
Susanne Wiesch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Being There ◽  
To Receive

We studied the effect of experimenter expectations and different instructions in a balanced placebo design. 157 subjects were randomized into a 2 × 4 factorial design. Two experimenters were led to expect placebos either to produce physiological effects or not (pro- vs. antiplacebo). All subjects except a control group received a caffeine placebo. They were either made to expect coffee, no coffee, or were in a double-blind condition. Dependent measures were blood pressure, heart rate, well-being, and a cognitive task. There was one main effect on the instruction factor (p = 0.03) with the group “told no caffeine” reporting significantly better well-being. There was one main effect on the experimenter factor with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” having higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.008). There was one interaction with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” to receive coffee doing worse in the cognitive task than the rest. Subjects instructed by experimenter “antiplacebo” were significantly less likely to believe the experimental instruction, and that mostly if they had been instructed to receive coffee. Contrary to the literature we could not show an effect of instruction, but there was an effect of experimenters. It is likely, however, that these experimenter effects were not due to experimental manipulations, but to the difference in personalities.

Authentic leadership and employee psychological well-being: An integrated review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-82
Author(s):  
Hellya Agustina ◽  
Nur Atiqah Abdullah ◽  
Ihil S. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Employee Attitudes ◽  
Work Climate ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Management Culture ◽  
Employee Silence ◽  
Being There

As we known that one resource that supports work of employee is a good relationship among the leader and co-workers. Leaders who have styles that are able to improve employees' psychological well-being by making workplaces healthy, do not neglect supervision, are able to motivate employees, and reflect values that are important to employees (see, Hsiung 2012; Winkler et al. 2015; Huang et al. 2016; Joo, Park, & Lim 2016). There seems to be general agreement that effective leadership will encourage positive employee attitudes and behaviour (e.g., Fong & Snape 2015; Afsar, Badir & Kiani 2016; Semedo, Coelho, & Ribeiro 2016; Wu & Lee 2017; Kim & Beehr 2018; Buil , Martinez, & Matute 2019; Mostafa & Bottomley 2020). Meanwhile, most of the previous studies link that authentic leadership also has a negative influence on employees, such as: employee silence (Guenter et al. 2016); job stress (Weiss, et al. 2017); cynicism and immodesty (A Megeirhi, et al. 2018); burnout (Fair & Kamal 2019); management culture errors (Farnese et al. 2018); and turnover intentions (Gordon et al. 2019). Researchers found that only a few studied the relationship between authentic leadership and employee psychological well-being. There is only one study that examines this by using work climate as mediator variable in the type of nurse's work. Research conducted by Nelson et al. (2014) which states that authentic leadership has been recognized to influence psychological well-being through its impact on the work climate. Moving on from these issues, the interests of employees in Indonesia should be considered because the employee is required to work for eight hours a day and employees are working to make ends meet. Keywords: authentic leadership, psychological well-being, mediators, moderators, integrated review.

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