scholarly journals Targeting Leader Cells in Ovarian Cancer as an Effective Therapeutic Option

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazanin Karimnia ◽  
Gwo Yaw Ho ◽  
Andrew N. Stephens ◽  
Maree Bilandzic
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Option ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Cancer Spheroids ◽  
Peritoneal Spread

Majority of ovarian cancers are diagnosed at advanced stages with intra-peritoneal spread as the most common mode of disease metastasis. The formation of cancer spheroids is essential for the collective migration process, where shed tumour cells from the primary tumour form aggregates rather than disseminating as individual cells and seed within the peritoneal cavity. These cancer spheroids consist of leader cells (LC) and follower cells (FC), with the LC subset as key drivers of cellular movement and invasion. LCs have stem cell-like properties and are highly chemo-resistant with a specific survival addiction to several cell signalling pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. We explore in this book chapter, the evidence supporting the role of LC in OC metastasis and the suppression of LC as an attractive therapeutic option for the treatment of advanced OC.

The Need for Consensus About Liver Transplantation For Patients With Neuropsychiatric Wilson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 152692482110028
Author(s):  
Alberto Ferrarese ◽  
Patrizia Burra
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Wilson’S Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Copper Metabolism ◽  
Wilson's Disease ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Neurological Improvement ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Option

Liver transplantation is considered an effective therapeutic option for Wilson’s disease (WD) patients with hepatic phenotype, since it removes the inherited defects of copper metabolism, and is associated with excellent graft and patient outcomes. The role of liver transplantation in WD patients with mixed hepatic and neuropsychiatric phenotype has remained controversial over time, mainly because of high post-operative complications, reduced survival and a variable, unpredictable rate of neurological improvement. This article critically discusses the recently published data in this field, focussing in more detail on isolated neuropsychiatric phenotype as a potential indication for liver transplantation in WD patients.

scholarly journals Anti-neoplastic Potential of Flavonoids and Polysaccharide Phytochemicals in Glioblastoma

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 4895
Author(s):  
Ayesha Atiq ◽  
Ishwar Parhar
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Initiation Phase ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Option ◽  
Patient Prognosis

Clinically, gliomas are classified into four grades, with grade IV glioblastoma multiforme being the most malignant and deadly, which accounts for 50% of all gliomas. Characteristically, glioblastoma involves the aggressive proliferation of cells and invasion of normal brain tissue, outcomes as poor patient prognosis. With the current standard therapy of glioblastoma; surgical resection and radiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide, it remains fatal, because of the development of drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and metastasis. Therefore, the need for the effective therapeutic option for glioblastoma remains elusive. Previous studies have demonstrated the chemopreventive role of naturally occurring pharmacological agents through preventing or reversing the initiation phase of carcinogenesis or arresting the cancer progression phase. In this review, we discuss the role of natural phytochemicals in the amelioration of glioblastoma, with the aim to improve therapeutic outcomes, and minimize the adverse side effects to improve patient’s prognosis and enhancing their quality of life.

scholarly journals A Review of the Efficacy and Safety for Biologic Agents Targeting IL-23 in Treating Psoriasis With the Focus on Tildrakizumab

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feras M. Ghazawi ◽  
Farhan Mahmood ◽  
Leon Kircik ◽  
Yves Poulin ◽  
Marc Bourcier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Biologic Agents ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Option

Psoriasis is a chronic and debilitating inflammatory immune-mediated skin disorder. Several cytokines including interleukin (IL)-23 were demonstrated to play a central role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Treatment options for psoriasis range from topical to systemic modalities, depending on the extent, anatomical locations involved and functional impairment level. Targeting cytokines or their cognate receptors that are involved in disease pathogenesis such as IL-12/23 (i.e., targeting the IL-12p40 subunit shared by these cytokines), IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-17RA, and TNF-α using biologic agents emerged in recent years as a highly effective therapeutic option for patients with moderate-to-severe disease. This review provides an overview of the important role of IL-23 signaling in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. We describe in detail the available IL-23 inhibitors for chronic plaque psoriasis. The efficacy, pharmacokinetic properties, and the safety profile of one of the most recent IL-23 biologic agents (tildrakizumab) are evaluated and reviewed in depth.

scholarly journals Role of Ayurveda based non-invasive intervention in management of ischemic heart disease patient of diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Rohit Sane ◽  
Pramod Manohar ◽  
Rahul Mandole ◽  
Gurudatta Amin ◽  
Pravin Ghadigaokar
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Inducible Ischemia ◽  
Heart Disease Patient ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Option ◽  
The Difference

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of IRP therapy in patients of myocardial ischemia attending Madhavbaug clinics in Vidarbha region, Maharashtra.Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted from June 2019 to December 2019, wherein we identified the data of patients suffering from IHD (positive for inducible ischemia from stress test) of either gender or any age, and who had attended the Out-patient departments (OPDs) of Madhavbaug clinics across India. The data of patients who had been administered IRP with minimum 7 sittings over a span of 12 weeks were considered for the study.Results: In the present study, medical records of 50 patients of IHD were analyzed.  At the end of IRP therapy there was statistically significant reduction in weight, BMI, SBP, and DBP. VO2 peak was improved at the end of therapy i.e. 26.51±5.93 ml/kg/min as compared to baseline i.e.; 15.62±5.36 ml/kg/min and the difference was highly statistically significant (p<0.001). DTS improved from -2.93±5.88 at baseline to 3.21±6.03 at week 12 of IRP therapy and the difference was highly statistically significant (p<0.0001).Conclusions: Findings of present study suggest that IRP can serve as effective therapeutic option for the management of myocardial ischemia.

scholarly journals Impact of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Immunophenotype on Local Aggressiveness in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Invading the Airway

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4351
Author(s):  
Martina Mandarano ◽  
Marco Andolfi ◽  
Renato Colella ◽  
Massimo Monacelli ◽  
Andrea Polistena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Radical Resection ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Option ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Lower Expression ◽  
E Cadherin

Primary thyroid tumours show different levels of aggressiveness, from indolent to rapidly growing infiltrating malignancies. The most effective therapeutic option is surgery when radical resection is feasible. Biomarkers of aggressiveness may help in scheduling extended resections such as airway infiltration, avoiding a non-radical approach. The aim of the study is to evaluate the prognostic role of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and CD147 in different biological behaviours. Fifty-five samples from three groups of thyroid carcinomas were stained: papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) infiltrating the airway (PTC-A), papillary intra-thyroid carcinomas (PTC-B) and poorly differentiated or anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (PDTC/ATC). High expressions of N-cadherin and AhR were associated with higher locoregional tumour aggressiveness (p = 0.005 and p < 0.001 respectively); PDTC/ATC more frequently showed a high expression of CD147 (p = 0.011), and a trend of lower expression of E-cadherin was registered in more aggressive neoplasms. Moreover, high levels of AhR were found with recurrent/persistent diseases (p = 0.031), particularly when tumours showed a concomitant high N-cadherin expression (p = 0.043). The study suggests that knowing in advance onco-biological factors with a potential role to discriminate between different subsets of patients could help the decision-making process, providing a more solid therapeutic indication and an increased expectation for radical surgery.

scholarly journals The Role of Satellite Glial Cells, Astrocytes, and Microglia in Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathic Pain

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hwan Lee ◽  
Woojin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Satellite Glial Cells ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Option

Oxaliplatin is a third-generation platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug. Although its efficacy against colorectal cancer is well known, peripheral neuropathy that develops during and after infusion of the agents could decrease the quality of life of the patients. Various pathways have been reported to be the cause of the oxaliplatin-induced paresthesia and dysesthesia; however, its mechanism of action has not been fully understood yet. In recent years, researchers have investigated the function of glia in pain, and demonstrated that glia in the peripheral and central nervous system could play a critical role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. These results suggest that targeting the glia may be an effective therapeutic option. In the past ten years, 20 more papers focused on the role of glia in oxaliplatin-induced thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity. However, to date no review has been written to summarize and discuss their results. Thus, in this study, by reviewing 23 studies that conducted in vivo experiments in rodents, the change of satellite glial cells, astrocytes, and microglia activation in the dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, and the brain of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain animals is discussed.

ROS1-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma with peritoneal carcinomatosis on initial presentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e233864
Author(s):  
Vera Kazakova ◽  
Sylvia V Alarcon Velasco ◽  
Aleksandr Perepletchikov ◽  
Christopher S Lathan
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Peritoneal Spread ◽  
New Onset

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is progression of the primary cancer to the peritoneum that is seen in only 1.2% of patients with lung cancer. It is associated with poor prognosis especially if present at the time of initial cancer diagnosis. The predisposing factors for peritoneal spread are not yet well understood. It has been suggested that the oncogene status of the tumour can influence the patterns of metastatic spread. There is not enough data about the role of c-ROS oncogene 1 (ROS1) mutation in the development of PC in non-small cell lung cancer. Here, we describe a case of a 56-year-old man who presented with new-onset ascites and was found to have PC. He was diagnosed with ROS1-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma. No obvious primary tumour was identified. Patient responded well to targeted therapy with crizotinib and remained 6 months free of disease progression.

scholarly journals The Role of Hyaluronic Acid in Sport-Related Tendinopathies: A Narrative Review

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Sergio Crimaldi ◽  
Sara Liguori ◽  
Pasquale Tamburrino ◽  
Antimo Moretti ◽  
Marco Paoletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Structural Recovery ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Option ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
Larger Sample

Tendinopathy is a complex clinical condition with a rising incidence and prevalence, particularly during sports practice. For the return to play in affected patients, adequate functional and structural recovery of the tendon is the ultimate goal, avoiding the high risk of recurrence. In this perspective, local therapies alongside exercise are showing promising results. Despite evidence suggesting hyaluronic acid (HA) injections as effective in the treatment of tendinopathy, current recommendations about the management of this condition do not include this intervention. HA seems to be an effective therapeutic option for the management of sport-related tendinopathies, but further studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm available findings. In this narrative review, we analyzed available literature about the rationale of the use of HA in the management of tendon injury and, particularly, in sport-related tendinopathies.

scholarly journals MIF Inhibition Suppresses Cell Viability and Induces Apoptosis via the ATF4-CHOP Pathway in Mouse Pituitary AtT-20 Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A544-A544
Author(s):  
Jason Wang ◽  
Motoyasu Satou ◽  
Tae Tateno ◽  
Sarah Willette ◽  
Rui Zhe Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Pituitary Tumour ◽  
Mtor Pathway ◽  
Stat3 Pathway

Abstract Cushing’s disease (CD) is characterized by cortisol overproduction due to ACTH hypersecretion from a pituitary tumour (PT). With an incidence of approximately 1.2 to 2.4 cases per million per year, CD patients have higher rates of morbidity and mortality than the general population. Surgical management is currently the first therapeutic option. However, remission rates vary between studies, and patients may suffer from complications caused by hormonal abnormalities from remnant PT tissues, the surgery itself, as medical treatment options are limited. Macrophage migratory inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine expressed in various tumors, including ACTH-producing PTs, and has been found to play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Previous studies demonstrate that MIF regulates cell growth via the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and autophagy. Together, these indicate MIF as a potential therapeutic target for PTs. However, the role of MIF in ACTH-producing PTs remains unknown. Using mouse ACTH-producing PT cells, AtT-20 cells as a model, we established that MIF overexpression led to increased cell growth. In contrast, pharmacological MIF inhibition by 4-iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine (4-IPP) and (S,R)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid (ISO-1) and genetic MIF downregulation by siRNA both suppressed cell viability and induced apoptosis, suggesting an anti-apoptotic role of MIF. Genetic MIF downregulation also increased the expression of apoptosis-inducible genes such as activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and reduced ACTH production. However, pharmacological MIF inhibition had no effect on ACTH production, which suggests that the mechanism of pharmacological MIF inhibition may be different from MIF downregulation. Neither MIF upregulation nor downregulation affected cell signalling pathways such as the STAT3 pathway, the mTOR pathway, or autophagy. Our findings suggest that MIF inhibition can be a viable therapeutic approach for ACTH-producing PTs.

Mechanisms of Pharmacoresistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: New Drugs but Old Problems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose J.G. Marin ◽  
Marta R. Romero ◽  
Elisa Herraez ◽  
Maitane Asensio ◽  
Sara Ortiz-Rivero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
First Line ◽  
Advanced Hcc ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy with poor prognosis when diagnosed at advanced stages in which curative treatments are no longer applicable. A small group of these patients may still benefit from transarterial chemoembolization. The only therapeutic option for most patients with advanced HCC is systemic pharmacological treatments based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immunotherapy. Available drugs only slightly increase survival, as tumor cells possess additive and synergistic mechanisms of pharmacoresistance (MPRs) prior to or enhanced during treatment. Understanding the molecular basis of MPRs is crucial to elucidate the genetic signature underlying HCC resistome. This will permit the selection of biomarkers to predict drug treatment response and identify tumor weaknesses in a personalized and dynamic way. In this article, we have reviewed the role of MPRs in current first-line drugs and the combinations of immunotherapeutic agents with novel TKIs being tested in the treatment of advanced HCC.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document