Sex Differences in Long-Term Trends of Psychosocial Factors and Gender Effect on Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: Arterial Hypertension, Myocardial Infarction and Stroke

Introduction: The study aimed to determine gender differences in the prevalence and dynamics of affective states over a long period, i.e., 23 years, and to establish their effect on the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), i.e., arterial hypertension (AH), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke among the population aged 25–64 in Russia / Siberia. Methods: Between 1994 and 2017, we conducted 4 screening surveys of representative samples (totalling 4,815 people) under the international programs MONICA and HAPIEE in Russia / Siberia. To determine the sex differences in cardiovascular risk from 1994 to 2010, we observed cohorts formed from the screened individuals without CVD and diabetes mellitus (DM). Results: High levels of affective states in the period from 1994 to 2003, especially in women, were replaced by a downward trend in 2013. At the same time, there was a reduction in the gender gap in terms of frequency of depression lower 1%, and men in the younger age groups reported higher levels of personal anxiety (49.3% vs 46.1% in adults aged 35-44y) and vital exhaustion (16.9% vs 15.6%) than women in 2017. We found that men with unfavourable levels of affective states have a 3–5 fold higher risk of hypertension and stroke, while women have a higher risk of myocardial infarction (p for all < 0.05). Hostility in men is associated with a negative risk of myocardial infarction and stroke (HR=0.3 and HR=0.29, respectively; p for all < 0.05). However, this was levelled out by unfavourable social characteristics. Conclusions: The downward trends in prevalence of psychosocial factors were unstable and associated with reduced gender gap for affective states. It had a significant impact on the gender magnitude of cardiovascular risk.

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Contribution of lipoprotein(a) to cardiovascular risk in patients under 40 years of age after acute myocardial infarction or acute cerebral circulation disorder

Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) ◽

10.18821/0023-2149-2016-94-3-194-199 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (3) ◽

pp. 194-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Viktoriya A. Korneva ◽

T. Yu. Kuznetsova ◽

A. S. Novitskaya ◽

A. N. Malygin ◽

T. A. Guseva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Cerebral Circulation ◽

Age Groups ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Vascular Events ◽

Lipoprotein A ◽

Cerebral Circulation Disorders

Aim. To evaluate the importance of lipoprotein(a) for the evaluation of cardiovascular risk in patient under 40 years of age after acute myocardial infarction or acute cerebral circulation disorder. Materials and methods. We analysed the data from two departments of the Regional Vascular Centre for 2013-2015 including 90 case histories of patients of different age (mean 57.8±3.4 yr) and studied standard risk factors, such as age, sex, smoking habits, dyslipidemia, aggravated heredity, arterial hypertension (AH), obesity. Standard examination of 7 patients under 40 years of age was supplemented by measuring lipoprotein(a) by the immunoturbodimetric method regarding the levels over J. 3 g/l as abnormally elevated. Results. The study group was dominated by young and middle-aged men (85.2 and 84% respectively). The key riskfactors were increased LDLP level (88%) and smoking (70%) in patients under the age of 40 and AH in middle-aged men (100%, p<0.004). Arterial hypertension was also diagnosed in 59% of the younger subjects. Increased LDLP levels most frequently occurred in senior patients (90%). The group ofpatients under 40 yr included 15% of those having a single risk factor. In this group, 22% of the patients were at high risk calculated prior to the development of vascular events, 58% at moderate and 20% at low risk. 42.8% of the patients had elevated lipoprotein(a) levels. Conclusion. Based on the relative risk scoring scale, 22% of the patients under 40 years of age were at risk of myocardial infarction or cerebral circulation disorders prior to the development of vascular events. However, these patients like those of other age groups frequently had traditional riskfactors, such as smoking (67.5%), AH and dyslipidemia (66.6% each). Total cholesterol was elevated only in 47.6% of the patients while LDLP and LP(a) in 92 and 42.8% respectively.

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Comparison of autocorrelation between CV-RISK independent variables in groups with and without history of cardiovascular diseases

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20204512 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 1626

Author(s):

Ivany Lestari Goutama ◽

Hendsun . ◽

Yohanes Firmansyah ◽

Ernawati Su

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Age Groups ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Independent Variables ◽

History Of

Background: Cardiovascular relative risk (CVRISK) is the latest cardiovascular relative risk score to evaluate the magnitude of cardiovascular risk in healthy people regardless of age and cardiovascular risk severity. The aim of the study is to determine the correlation between each independent variables of CVRISK score in individuals with and without history of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).Methods: The study design is cross-sectional study. We conducted it online through social media using Google forms from June to August 2020. Participants include all productive age groups from 16 to 60 years. The data were processed using excel and statistically tested. Descriptive data analysis uses tabulated data which is displayed in numbers or proportions (categorical) and single data distribution (numeric). Statistical association analysis uses the categorical-correlation test with 2 statistical tests that use eta on nominal-ordinal variables and contingency coefficients on nominal-nominal variables.Results: There is a strong autocorrelation between hypertension and high tryglyceride levels (p value 0.001; correlation 0.549; risks 30.14%), nutritional status and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in CVD group (p value 0.002; correlation 0.774; risks 59.90%) and non-CVD group (p value 0.000; correlation 0.757; risks 57.3%). Hypertension and risky LDL-C levels firmly proves a very strong correlations and significant relationship in CVD groups (p value 0.014; correlation 0.947; risks 89.68%).Conclusions: There is a correlation that varies from weak to very strong among the independent variables in the CVRISK scoring of the participants. Further research is needed to determine the potentiality of CVRISK as an early prevention in determining the cardiovascular risk of individuals with and without history of CVD.

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THE COURSE OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN PATIENTS OF YOUNG AGE WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL ◽

10.26739/2181-0664-2021-5-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 17-19

Author(s):

Latif Akhmedov ◽

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Essential Hypertension ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Young Age ◽

Main Risk Factor

Arterial hypertension (AH) is the main risk factor (RF) in the development of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Almost 95% of patients have essential hypertension. In the structure of mortality from various cardiovascular diseases, including AH, 54% is myocardial infarction (MI). Currently, the widespread prevalence of AH and MI among the labor-capable population, early disability, reduced life expectancy, and low adherenceto treatment are of concern.Keywords: arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction, young age, risk factor

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Non-communicable diseases are key to further narrow gender gap in life expectancy in Shanghai, China

10.21203/rs.2.20284/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hanyi Chen ◽

Yi Zhou ◽

Lianghong Sun ◽

Yichen Chen ◽

Xiaobin Qu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Gender Gap ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Age Groups ◽

International Classification Of Diseases ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Plateau Phase ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Abstract Background To address change in gender gap of life expectancy (GGLE) in Shanghai from 1973 to 2018, and to identify the major causes of death and age groups associated with the change overtime.Methods Retrospective demographic analysis with application of Joinpoint regression to evaluate the temporal trend in GGLE. Causes of death were coded in accordance with International Classification of Diseases and mapped with the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) cause list. Life table technique and decomposition method was used to express changes in GGLE.Results Trend of GGLE in Shanghai experienced two phases ie., a decrease from 8.4 to 4.2 years in the descent phase (1973-1999) and a fluctuation between 4.0 and 4.9 years in the plateau phase (1999-2018). The reduced age-specific mortality rates tended to concentrate to a narrower age range, from age 0-9 and above 30 years in the descent phase to age above 55 years in the plateau phase. Gastroesophageal and liver cancer, communicable, chronic respiratory and digestive diseases were once the major contributors to narrow GGLE in the descent phase. While importance should be attached to a widening effect on GGLE by lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, other neoplasms like colorectal and pancreatic cancer and diabetes in recent plateau phase.Conclusions Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have made GGLE enter a plateau phase from a descent phase in Shanghai China. Public efforts to reduce excess mortalities for male NCDs, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes in particular and health policies focused on the middle-aged and elderly population might further narrow GGLE and ensure improvement in health and health equity in Shanghai China.

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Risk factors for development of myocardial infarction in women with preserved reproductive function

I P Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald ◽

10.23888/pavlovj2019272172-180 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 172-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daria V. Seliverstova

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Oral Contraceptives ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Aim. Identification of risk factors (RF) for myocardial infarction (MI) among women with preserved menstrual function. Material and Methods. 121 Female patients under 55 years of age, who were hospitalized with MI in the cardiology departments of Ryazan in the period 2010-2016, were studied. All patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group included women with a regular menstrual cycle without menopausal symptoms (n=60, mean age 48.0±6.1 years). The second group consisted of postmenopausal women (n=61, mean age 49.8±4.3 years). Of a cohort of studied women a group of women was isolated (n=18 from group 1 and n=15 from group 2) who, during hospitalization with MI in 2015-2016, filled in questionnaires on nutrition and physical activity. Results. In women of group 1 such risk factors as burdened heredity for cardiovascular diseases (58.3%, p=0.02) and smoking (46.7%, p=0.03) were more common than in women of group 2. Only women of group 1 took oral contraceptives before the onset of MI (15%, p=0.005). The most common RFs were: arterial hypertension (˃80% of patients in both groups; overweight and obesity (78.3% of women from group 1 and 83.6% from group 2); type 2 diabetes mellitus (23.3% in group 1 and 24.6% in group 2). According to the results of the questionnaire on food habits, insufficient use of fruit and vegetables was detected among all patients of both groups. In analysis of the results of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), 72.2% of patients in group 1 experienced insufficient physical activity, and 53.3% of patients in group 2 showed pronounced hypodynamia. Biochemical analysis of blood revealed increased average levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides, with high-density lipoproteins within the normal range in both groups. Conclusion. The most common risk factors for myocardial infarction in women with preserved menstrual function in comparison with postmenopausal women were: positive heredity for cardiovascular diseases, smoking and taking oral contraceptives. Besides, a wide spread of arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus, overweight and obesity, low physical activity and lack of fruit and vegetables in the diet of women in both groups should be noted.

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Sex Differences of the Relationships between Cardiovascular Risk Markers and Psychosocial Factors in Community-Residing Adults

Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science ◽

10.7586/jkbns.2016.18.4.221 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 221-230

Author(s):

Hee-Young Song ◽

Kyoung A Nam

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Psychosocial Factors ◽

Risk Markers

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INTERRELATION BETWEEN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AND TELOMERE BIOLOGY WITH THE SIGNS OF VASCULAR AGING

CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND PREVENTION ◽

10.15829/1728-8800-2014-3-11-17 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 11-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. S. Kruglikova ◽

I. D. Strajesko ◽

O. N. Tkacheva ◽

D. U. Akasheva ◽

E. V. Plokhova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Telomere Length ◽

Body Mass ◽

Vascular Aging ◽

Wall Stiffness

Aim.To study interrelationship between cardiovascular risk factors and cellular and vascular aging processes. Material and methods. Totally 136 patients were included having no signs of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes 2nd type and receiving no drug therapy, but with one or several risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (smoking, arterial hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, fasting hyperglycemia). The telomere length and telomerase activity was measured by polymerase chain reaction. The thickness of intima-media complex (TIMC) and presence of atherosclerotic plaques (ASP) were measured by duplex scanning of right and left carotid arteries. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured by applanation tonometry. Biochemical tests done by standard.Results.PWV significantly correlated with age, body mass index, glycosilated hemoglobin level, fasting glycemia and telomere length. Presence of ASP and increased TIMC significantly correlated with age, body mass index, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia.Conclusion.Increase of arterial wall stiffness and subclinical atherosclerotic disease have different causes. The level of PWV more linked with carbohydrate metabolism disorder, and TIMC and ASP are linked with lipid disorders.

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CLINICAL FEATURES OF THE REHABILITATION PERIOD AFTER THE PREVIOS MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE WITH ACCOUNT OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS

Art of Medicine ◽

10.21802/artm.2021.2.18.26. ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

І. P. Vakaliuk ◽

K. V. Levandovska ◽

N. B. Tymochko

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Exercise Tolerance ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Study Groups

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are known to account for one-third of all deaths worldwide. According to the American Heart Association, 18% of men and 35% of women with prior acute myocardial infarction (AMI) developed recurrent AMI within 6 years after initial MI; 22% of men and 46% of women were disabled due to the development of chronic heart failure (CHF). The purpose of the research: to analyse clinical features of recovering period after myocardial infarction taking into account cardiovascular risk factors. Materials and methods of the research. 175 persons with myocardial infarction and related risk factors were examined. Study groups were homogenous by age, gender, disease severity, clinical signs of decompensation, that served as a basis for inclusion of the patients in the research. All patients underwent the general-clinical examination (pain syndrome analysis, medical history, objective signs), clinical and instrumental (electrocardiography, echocardioscopy, 6-minute walk test, in a quiet 30-50-m long hospital corridor in the morning) and laboratory tests (lipidogram, leptin level). Study groups were homogenous by age, gender, disease severity, duration of the post-infarction period, clinical signs of decompensation. All patients were divided into groups according to the presence of risk factors: group 1 of MI with HF (74 patients), group 2 – MI with AH (76 patients), group 3 – MI and obesity (72 patients); group 4 consisted of patients with all risk factors (78 patients) together. The obtained results were statistically processed on the personal computer by means of an advanced analytics software package STATISTICA-7 and a statistical software package “Microsoft-Excel” using the statistical variation analysis. Research results and their discussion. The most important cardiovascular risk factors, which aggravate the post infarction period are age, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, congenital and acquired valvular defects, obesity. In patients with heart failure, recovering period is characterized by stabile heartbeat, reduced exercise tolerance combined with progressing dilatation of left ventricular chambers in 83.78% of patients. Patients with arterial hypertension have stable anginal pain syndrome and reduced exercise tolerance (89.47% of cases). In obese patients, consistent fatigue, general weakness, dyspnoea, high levels of total cholesterol and leptin in blood serum (81.94% of patients) are mostly observed. In patients with combined heart failure, arterial hypertension, obesity, the recovery period clinics after myocardial infarction is characterized by significantly reduce of exercise tolerance (92.30% of patients). Shortness of breath, which was accompanied by heart palpitations, was prevalent in the group of patients with HF (89.1%) and was the least manifested in the group of patients with obesity (52.7%). Conclusions. Changes in cardiac hemodynamics in patients who had undergone the myocardial infarction with concomitant heart failure and with a combination of risk factors were accompanied by the eccentric hypertrophy onset, characterized by a combination of the left venricle cavities dilation with hypertrophy of its walls and the decreased contractility. The presence of decompensated heart failure significantly degrades the performance of six-minute walk test.

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