scholarly journals Medicinal Plants and Its Pharmacological Values

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita G. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Important Chemical

Plants have been used as a source of medicine for the treatment of different diseases from thousands of years ago. There is numerous evidences are available for use of plants as a medicine in the treatment of diseases in Indian, Egyptian, Chinese, Greek and Roman system of medicine. Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines derived from natural sources, mainly from plants which may further lead to development of new drug. The exploration, extraction and screening of biological diversity such as herbs, spices, microbes and other natural resources is the worldwide activity in recent years. Phytochemicals are the naturally available bioactive compounds which are derived from different plant parts and are primarily responsible for biological activities. The most important chemical compounds which are present in the plants are alkaloids, phenols, saponins, carbohydrates, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids and tannins etc.

scholarly journals Phytochemicals: Extraction and Preliminary Investigation of Bioactive Compounds from Rumex Vesicarius and Terminalia Catappa Plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Anandika Suryavanshi ◽  
Anand Murari Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Soxhlet Method ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds

The present study was carried out for the determination of bioactive compounds from different extracts of Terminalia catappa and Rumex vesicarius. The plants are mines of several bioactive compounds also called as phytochemical compounds. These bioactive compounds are responsible for imparting such a potential medicinal property in the plants. The medicinal plant contains various types of bioactive compounds including phenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids etc. These bioactive compounds take part in various metabolic pathways and impart their effect. Terminalia catappa and Rumex vesicarius are such medicinal plants which are being used for medicinal purposes for long time. Both of them are rich source of potential bioactive compounds and hence carry out several biological activities effective for the treatment of various diseases. Hence the study focuses on determining the types of bioactive compounds they acquire. For this the leaves of T. catappa and dry stems of R. vesicarius were used for the extraction using different solvents with soxhlet method. The extract of different solvents was analyzed for the phytochemical test. The results obtained revealed that the type of solvents is crucial in determining the type of bioactive compounds to be present in extract. The results showed that ethanol and methanol are good solvent choice for extraction for these two plants. The results concludes that the presence of such potential and effective bioactive compounds in their extract makes them important medicinal plants and are hence employed for several researches and also used for treatment of various kinds of diseases.

scholarly journals Exploration of the Medicinal Flora of the Aljumum Region in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7620
Author(s):  
Sameer H. Qari ◽  
Abdulmajeed F. Alrefaei ◽  
Wessam Filfilan ◽  
Alaa Qumsani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Flowering Season ◽  
Scientific Documentation ◽  
Medicinal Flora

Understanding the natural resources of native flora in a particular area is essential to be able to identify, record, and update existing records concerning the flora of that area, especially medicinal plants. Until recently, there has been very little scientific documentation on the biological diversity of Aljumum flora. The current study aimed to document medicinal plants among the flora of this region and determine the traditional usages that are documented in the literature. In the flowering season from November 2019 to May 2020, we conducted more than 80 field trips to the study area. The results reported 90 species belonging to 79 genera and 34 families in the Aljumum region, which constitute 82 species of medicinal plants from a total of 2253 known species in Saudi Arabia. The most distributed species were Calotropis procera, Panicum turgidum, and Aerva javanica (5.31%); within four endemic families, we found Fabaceae (32.35%), Poaceae (20.58%), and Asteraceae and Brassicaceae (17.64%). The present study reviews a collection of medicinal plants in Aljumum used in ethnomedicine. Additionally, these natural resources should be preserved, and therefore, conservation programs should be established to protect the natural diversity of the plant species in this region with sustainable environmental management.

A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Potentials of Natural Cyclic Peptides

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renu Saharan ◽  
Suresh Kumar ◽  
Sukhbir Lal Khokra ◽  
Sunil Singh ◽  
Abhishek Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Cyclic Peptides ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Amide Bond ◽  
Microtubule Inhibitor ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Marine Habitats

Abstract: Cyclic peptides have emerged as a promising class of organic compounds that possess polypeptide chains with a cyclic ring structure. There is a circular sequence of bonds in which the ring structure is formed via linkage between one end of the peptide bond and the other end with an amide bond or any other chemically stable bonds like ether, thioether, lactone, and disulfide. Generally, the cyclic peptides are isolated from natural resources like invertebrate animals, micro-organisms of marine habitats, and higher plants. These cyclic peptides possess unique structures with diverse pharmacological activities. Now a day, cyclic peptides possess superior therapeutic value due to several reasons such as greater resistance to enzymatic degradation (in vivo) and higher bio-availability. Some of these cyclic peptides are rich in leucine, proline while some have other amino acids as their major constituents. Numerous novel cyclic peptides isolated from natural sources are successfully developed as bioactive products. Recently, cyclic peptides derived from natural resources have attracted attention for exploring their numerous beneficial effects. Moreover, it is reported that natural cyclic peptides exhibit various therapeutic activities like an anthelmintic, ACE inhibitor, anti-tumor, microtubule inhibitor, anti-fungal, anti-malarial, and platelet aggregation inhibiting activity. In this review, various cyclic peptides are reported with structures and biological activities that are isolated from various natural sources. The natural cyclic peptides possess a wide spectrum of biological activities and can become a drug of the future for replacing the existing drugs which develop resistance

International collaboration in drug discovery and development from natural sources

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1923-1942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon M. Cragg ◽  
David J. Newman
Keyword(s):  
International Collaboration ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Source Countries ◽  
Advanced Development

Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years, and an impressive number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources, particularly plants, with many based on their use in traditional medicine. The past century, however, has seen an increasing role played by microorganisms in the production of the antibiotics and other drugs for the treatment of serious diseases, and more recently, marine organisms have proved to be a rich source of novel bioactive agents. Natural products will continue to play a crucial role in meeting this demand through the expanded investigation of the world's biodiversity, much of which remains unexplored. By using medicinal chemistry, and combinatorial chemical and biosynthetic technology, novel natural product leads will be optimized on the basis of their biological activities to yield effective chemotherapeutic and other bioactive agents. With much of the biological diversity found in tropical and subtropical regions, the investigation of these resources requires multidisciplinary international collaboration in the discovery and development process. Such collaboration can result in substantial short-term benefits accruing to source countries, with the potential for the generation of significant longer-term benefits in the select cases of those agents that proceed into advanced development, and possible commercialization.

scholarly journals Anticancer activity of Nigerian medicinal plants: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklyn O. Ohiagu ◽  
Paul C. Chikezie ◽  
Chinwendu M. Chikezie ◽  
Christian E. Enyoh
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Inhibition Of Angiogenesis

Abstract Background Cancer is currently the leading cause of death globally and the number of deaths from cancer is on the rise daily. Medicinal plants have been in continuous use over the years for the management of cancer, particularly, in most developing countries of the world including Nigeria. The use of synthetic drugs for the treatment of cancer is often accompanied by toxic side effects. Thus, the alternative use of readily available and inexpensive medicinal plants is the panacea to the toxic side effects associated with synthetic drugs. Main body The present review summarized the anticancer activity of 51 medicinal plants that are widespread in all regions of Nigeria. Furthermore, the proposed anticancer pharmacological actions as well as the anticancer bioactive compounds, the type of cancer cell inhibited, the plant parts responsible for the anticancer activity, and the nature of the extracts used for the studies were discussed in this review. The 51 Nigerian medicinal plants were reported to exhibit anticancer activities of the prostate, cervices, lung, skin, colon, esophagus, blood, ovary, central nervous system/brain, breast, stomach, pancreas, larynx, and kidney. The major classes of bioactive compounds indicated to be responsible for the anticancer activity include the polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, triterpenes, tannins, and quinones. The major anticancer pharmacological actions of these bioactive compounds were antiproliferative, cytotoxic, cytostatic, antimetastatic, apoptotic, and antioxidative as well as provoked cell cycle arrest, inhibition of angiogenesis and reduction of cancer cell viability. Conclusion The Nigerian medicinal plants can be harnessed to provide for readily available and inexpensive anticancer drugs in the future because the plants reported in this review showed promising anticancer activity.

scholarly journals Diversity and Utilization of Medicinal Flora of Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University Campus Rajouri Jammu and Kashmir, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rafiq Wani ◽  
Humaira . ◽  
Shreekar Pant ◽  
Abdul Rashid Dar ◽  
Afroza Akhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Plant Parts

Background: Indian Himalayan region has a rich heritage of species and genetic strains of flora and fauna and is considered as mega hot spot of biological diversity. Wild plant raw material is in great demand around the world for use by pharmaceutical companies, ethnomedicinal practitioners and variety of traditional medicines. India is one of the world’s major exporters of raw herbal drugs and the Himalayas are renowned for their vast storehouse of medicinal plants. The present study conducted at Baba Ghulam Shah Basdshah University located in District Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir recorded the presence of 46 species of medicinal plants belonging to 34 families. Methods: The plant specimens were collected from different parts of Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University Campus. All the parameters like habit, habitat, life form, parts used, methods of use were recorded on filed notebook along with date of collection. Routine herbarium practices were followed for preserving the plant specimens. The plant specimens were collected and their external morphology was studied and examined carefully. The specimens of medicinal plants were properly labelled and subsequently deposited in the Herbarium, Centre of Biodiversity Studies, BGSBU, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Result: During ethnobotanical exploration, 46 species distributed over 44 genera in 34 Families of wild medicinal plants were documented from four sampling sites. The details pertaining to common names, part used, medicinal uses and active constituents of each species were tabulated. Among the plant parts used, leaves contributed for medicinal use in about 63% species, followed by fruits in 19% species, underground parts in 10.8% species and flowers in 6.5% species. The enlisted plant species belonged to three life forms viz., herbs (21), shrubs (15) and trees (10). Asteraceae was the most dominant family represented by 4 species followed by Moraceae, Lamiaceae and Fabaceae each represented by 3 species, while as families like Meliaceae, Violaceae, Berberidaceae were represented by 01 species each.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of bioactive compounds from radish (Raphanus sativus) leaves against Escherichia coli and its chemical compounds

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
JENNY VIRGANITA ◽  
DINAR SARI CAHYANINGRUM WAHYUNI ◽  
ESTU RETNANINGTYAS NUGRAHENI
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Clear Zone

Virganita J, Wahyuni DSC, Nugraheni ER. 2009. Antibacterial activity of bioactive compounds from radish (Raphanus sativus) leaves against Escherichia coli and its chemical compounds. Biofarmasi 7: 94-98. Indonesia has many kinds of plants, some of them are medicinal plants that were used to cure various diseases. One of medicinal plants is radish (Raphanus sativus L.), known as vegetable. That is the reason conducting the research to find out the bioactive compounds from plants, which can be used as raw materials of drug. Other reasons are expensive drug prices in the market, the death case due to microbial infection, and the increasing of bacterial resistance because of ineffectiveness usage of antibiotic. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of bioactive compounds from radish leaves against Escherichia coli. Bioactive compounds were found by extraction dan partition using centrifugation. Dry powder from radish leaves was extracted with chloroform and methanol. After the antibacterial testing, methanol extract resulted in an antibacterial effect was separated in a partition by ethyl acetate into soluble and insoluble parts. The soluble part of ethyl acetate resulted in an antibacterial effect on the concentration of 30-50% was shown by a clear zone (average 10 mm). It was separated again into soluble and insoluble fractions with dichloromethane. Dichloromethane soluble fraction formed a clear zone about 8.30 mm on 10% concentration and 8.42 mm on 20% concentration. Furthermore, the chemical constituent profile of the most active fraction was monitored using KLT method and detected with spray chemicals. The results indicated that radish leaves had bioactive compounds from phenolic group. It was proved by ammonia detection which giving a yellow color, and dark blue with FeCl3 detection.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Activity of Widely Used Medicinal Plants in the Sri Lankan Traditional Healthcare System: New Insight to Medicinal Flora in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Keddagoda Gamage Piyumi Wasana ◽  
Anoja Priyadarshani Attanayake ◽  
Kamani Ayoma Perera Wijewardana Jayatilaka ◽  
Thilak Priyantha Weerarathna
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Medicinal Flora

The use of medicinal plant extracts and their isolated bioactive compounds for the management of diabetes mellitus has been tremendously increased in recent decades. The present study aimed at providing in-depth information on medicinal flora that has been widely used in the Sri Lankan traditional healthcare system for the management of diabetes mellitus. The data of this review article were obtained from published articles from January 2000 to September 2020 in scientific databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. In this review, a total number of 18 medicinal plants with the antidiabetic activity were expressed, and their isolated antidiabetic active compounds were highlighted as new drug leads. Results of the reported studies revealed that medicinal plants exert a potent antidiabetic activity via both in vitro and in vivo study settings. However, bioactive compounds and antidiabetic mechanism (s) of action of many of the reported medicinal plants have not been isolated/elucidated the structure in detail, to date. Reported antidiabetic medicinal plants with other properties such as antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activities deliver new entities for the development of antidiabetic agents with multiple therapeutic targets. This is a comprehensive review on potential antidiabetic activities of the Sri Lankan medicinal plants that have been widely used in the traditional healthcare system. The information presented here would fill the gap between the use of them by traditional healers in the traditional medicine healthcare system in Sri Lanka and their potency for development of new drug entities in future.

scholarly journals UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK DAUN HYPERICUM LESCHENAULTII CHOISY DARI GUNUNG LAWU TERHADAP ARTEMIA SALINA L. SEBAGAI KANDIDAT ANTIKANKER

At-Taqaddum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Yudha Noviana ◽  
Dwimei Ayudewandari Pranatami
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Layer Chromatography

<p><em>Mount Lawu is a biodiversity rich mountain, with the potensial of medicinal plants of various kinds including anticancer plants. Flora on the Mount Lawu that has potential for anticancer is Hypericum leschenaultii Choisy containing compounds hypericin. Hypericum has several biological activities such as a antioxidant, antitumor, and anticancer. The research aims to determine the potential of bioactive compounds and extracts of the leaves of H. leschenaultii from Mount Lawu and toxicity to Artemia salina Leach and profile Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) it.   Ethanol extract of the leaves of H. leschenaultii was tested toxicity with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) using a concentration of  400 µg/ml, 200 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml, 25 µg/ml. The TLC profiles of bioactive compounds were determined by using spesific spray reagent.  The results show the potential and toxicity of leaf extract of H. leschenaultii with LC values 175,77 µg/ml. TLC profile of bioactive compounds leaf extract of H. leschenaultiicontaining flavonoids with Rf values of 0,98 and terpenoid compounds with Rf value of 0,91; 0,95; 0,98. </em></p><p>==================================================</p><p>Gunung Lawu merupakan gunung yang kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati,  dengan potensi tumbuhan obat yang beragam, termasuk potensi tumbuhan sebagai antikanker.  Adanya potensi tumbuhan sebagai sumber senyawa antikanker tersebut belum banyak diteliti dan digunakan sebagai pengobatan alternatif.  Flora di Gunung Lawu yang potensial sebagai tumbuhan antikanker, yaitu <em>Hypericum leschenaultii </em>Choisy yang mengandung senyawa <em>hypericin</em> dan memiliki status keberadaan yang melimpah di Gunung lawu, sehingga sangat penting untuk diketahui manfaatnya agar dapat dimanfaatkan lebih luas.  <em>Hypericin </em>memiliki beberapa aktivitas biologis seperti antioksidan, antitumor, dan antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi senyawa bioaktif ekstrak daun <em>H. leschenaultii </em>dari Gunung Lawu sebagai antikanker dengan melihat toksisitasnya terhadap <em>Artemia salina </em>Leach serta profil Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) nya. Untuk mengetahui potensi sebagai tanaman antikanker maka ekstrak etanol daun <em>H. leschenaultii</em> diuji toksisitasnya dengan metode <em>Brine Shrimp Lethality Test </em>(BST). Dalam uji BST tersebut digunakan 5 konsentrasi esktrak etanol daun <em>H. leschenaultii </em>yaitu:<em> </em>400 µg/ml, 200 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml, 25 µg/ml. Kandungan senyawa bioaktif dideteksi dengan reagen semprot spesifik untuk mengetahui profil KLT-nya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan potensi dan toksisitas ekstrak <em>H. leschenaultii</em> dengan nilai LC 175,77 µg/ml. Profil KLT senyawa bioaktif ekstrak daun <em>H. leschenaultii</em> mengandung senyawa flavonoid dengan nilai Rf 0,98 serta senyawa terpenoid dengan nilai Rf 0,91; 0,95; 0,98.</p><p> </p>

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