To Control the Uncontrollable

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuge Wei
Keyword(s):  
Information Control ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Treaty Port ◽  
The Government ◽  
Treaty Ports

Chapter 3 highlights the Nationalist government’s attempts to build an international propaganda system and to control the extraterritoriality-protected treaty-port papers from 1928 to 1932.The top-down information control exercised by the party-led propaganda system conflicted with the liberal journalism practiced in the treaty ports. Unable to achieve diplomatic progress in abolishing extraterritoriality, the Nanjing government made inroads into the extraterritorial system in specific fronts. Press control was one of them. By issuing postal bans, deporting journalists, and reviewing treaties with foreign cable companies, the government sought to strengthen its censorship power. It also adapted to the treaty-port press environment by camouflaging the party’s involvement through transnational covers.

scholarly journals The challenges of donor engagement with faith-based organizations in Cameroon’s health sector: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibylle Herzig van Wees ◽  
Michael Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
International Development ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Faith Based Organizations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Substantial global advocacy efforts have been made over the past decade to encourage partnerships and funding of faith-based organizations in international development programmes in efforts to improve social and health outcomes. Whilst there is a wealth of knowledge on religion and development, including its controversies, less attention has been payed to the role that donors might play. The aim of this study was to describe and analyse the engagement between donors and faith-based organizations in Cameroon’s health sector, following the implementation of the Cameroon Health Sector Partnership Strategy (2012). Forty-six in-depth interviews were conducted in selected regions in Cameroon. The findings show that global advocacy efforts to increase partnerships with faith-based organizations have created a space for increasing donor engagement of faith-based organizations following the implementation of the strategy. However, the policy was perceived as top down as it did not take into account some of the existing challenges. The policy arguably accentuated some of the existing tensions between the government and faith-based organizations, fed faith-controversies and complicated the health system landscape. Moreover, it provided donors with a framework for haphazard engagement with faith-based organizations. As such, putting the implications of donor engagement with FBOs on the research map acknowledges the limitations of efforts to collaborate with faith-based organizations and brings to the surface still-remaining blinkers and limited assumptions in donor definitions of faith-based organizations and in ways of collaborating with them.

Informing Dissent

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-212
Author(s):  
Hillary Greene ◽  
Dennis A. Yao
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Government Information ◽  
Social Communities ◽  
Social Pressures ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Tools ◽  
Official Information

The first part of this commentary argues that because the production of dissent depends on the availability of information, greater attention should focus on government restrictions on access to official information. At no time is this more important than when information is monopolized by the government. If not constrained, government’s monopoly control of information, combined with its incentives to shape support for its policies, may at some times and in some ways reduce dissent. In the second part of the commentary, a cost-benefit approach is proposed to analyze an individual’s incentives to produce speech and is then applied to assess the role social communities play vis-à-vis individual dissent. This analysis underscores the important and complex (sometimes encouraging, sometimes discouraging) role that communities play in the generation of dissent. Our analysis uses economic tools, often accompanied by an antitrust perspective, to better understand the implications of government information control and social pressures upon speech and dissent.

scholarly journals Material efficiency: from top-down steering to tailor-made governance

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 (1986) ◽  
pp. 20110564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
System Change ◽  
First Century ◽  
Transition Management ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Material Efficiency ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

Material efficiency is one of the major challenges facing our society in the twenty-first century. Research can help to understand how we can make the transition towards a material-efficient society. This study focuses on the role of the government in such transition processes. Use is made of literature in the field of public administration and innovation literature, particularly transition management. On the basis of three Dutch examples (plastics, e-waste and bio-energy), the complex system change towards a material-efficient society will be reflected upon. These case studies underline the need for a tailor-made governance approach instead of a top-down government approach to enhance material efficiency in practice. The role of the government is not restricted to formulating policies and then leaving it up to other actors to implement these policies. Instead, it is a continuous interplay between the different actors during the whole implementation process. As such, the government's role is to steer the development in the desired direction and orchestrate the process from beginning to end. In order to govern with a better compass, scientifically underpinned guiding principles and indicators are needed. This is a challenge for researchers both in public administration and in transition management.

scholarly journals Top-down causation and emergence: some comments on mechanisms

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. R. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Causal Power ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Adaptive Selection ◽  
Abstract Entities ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Medical Healthcare

Both bottom-up and top-down causation occur in the hierarchy of structure and causation. A key feature is multiple realizability of higher level functions, and consequent existence of equivalence classes of lower level variables that correspond to the same higher level state. Five essentially different classes of top-down influence can be identified, and their existence demonstrated by many real-world examples. They are: algorithmic top-down causation; top-down causation via non-adaptive information control, top-down causation via adaptive selection, top-down causation via adaptive information control and intelligent top-down causation (the effect of the human mind on the physical world). Through the mind, abstract entities such as mathematical structures have causal power. The causal slack enabling top-down action to take place lies in the structuring of the system so as to attain higher level functions; in the way the nature of lower level elements is changed by context, and in micro-indeterminism combined with adaptive selection. Understanding top-down causation can have important effects on society. Two cases will be mentioned: medical/healthcare issues, and education—in particular, teaching reading and writing. In both cases, an ongoing battle between bottom-up and top-down approaches has important consequences for society.

scholarly journals PEMBERDAYAAN BERBASIS KEMITRAAN ANTARA PEMERINTAH DENGAN KELOMPOK TANI TRI TUNGGAL WONOREJO

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Derry Ahmad Rizal
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

This paper examines how the partnership was established between the Sleman Government and the peasant group of Tri Tunggal in Wonorejo—a policy appropriate partnership. It is known that the perceived policy sometimes turns things around with what is in the field or the right target regulations according to the needs of the community. This article is based on two theories, top-down policies and social capital as a form of organizing peasant groups. In answering the question, in fact, this article is an extension of the design of a qualitative research model that describes, analyzes, and interprets field data in a narrative way. For that, the method of interviewing, observation, and documentation is chosen to complete the data until it can be interpreted into the new meaning of science. Thus, this research has produced some interesting findings, such as government partnership to peasant group of Tri Tunggal with the approach of counseling, mentoring, and marketing of the agricultural product. As a matter of fact, the regulation is a reference for the government in empowering peasant groups.[Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang bagaimana kemitraan yang dibangun antara Pemerintah Sleman dengan Kelompok Tani Tri Tunggal Wonorejo—kemitraan yang sesuai dengan kebijakan. Diketahui bahwa kebijakan yang dipersepsikan terkadang berbalik keadaan dengan apa yang ada di lapangan atau regulasi yang tepat sasaran sesuai kebutuhan masyarakat. Artikel ini didasari atas dua teori, kebijakan yang bersifat top down dan modal sosial sebagai bentuk pengorganisasian kelompok tani. Dalam menjawab persoalan tersebut, sebetulnya, artikel ini merupakan pengembangan dari desain model penelitian kualitatif yang menggambarkan, menganalisa, dan menginterpretasikan data lapangan secara naratif. Untuk itu, metode wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi dipilih untuk melengkapi data hingga dapat ditafsirkan ke dalam makna baru keilmuan. Dengan begitu, riset ini melahirkan beberapa temuan menarik, antara lain kemitraan yang dilakukan pemerintah kepada kelompok tani Tri Tunggal dengan pendekatan penyuluhan, pendampingan, dan pemasaran hasil produksi pertanian. Sebagai dasarnya, regulasi Perda menjadi acuan bagi pemerintah dalam memberdayakan kelompok tani.]

scholarly journals Organisational restructuring of Indian Railways

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mridul Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Core Competency ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Inland Waterways ◽  
Surface Transport ◽  
Public Sector Organization ◽  
Transport Project ◽  
The Government

Strategic drift of Indian Railways is due to its stagnant track capacity, declining freight transport, project overrun, poor operating ratio, and, lack of autonomy. This paper proposes two constructs for IR to mitigate sectoral competition and augment investor credibility for the next decade. The first construct is a meta-competency framework to regain its core-competency out of its constituent skills. The second construct is the top-down approach by the Government in creating a radical unitary public sector organization amalgamating railways, highways and inland waterways under Surface Transport Ministry. Further, this paper is a guidance to create an ecosystem for foreign direct investment and corporate restructuring of select IR subsidiaries in the Ministry of Railways. Strategic architecture discourse is on prioritizing economic value over<br>passenger business.<br>

Twin Peaks

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Colander ◽  
Roland Kupers
Keyword(s):  
Complexity Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Policy Choice ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Twin Peaks ◽  
Control Actions ◽  
Evolving System ◽  
Policy Frame ◽  
The Government

This chapter provides an overview of the book’s main themes. It discusses the notion of a complexity frame, which is a fundamentally different policy frame provided by complexity science. The central policy choice in a complexity frame is not the market or the government. The goal of policy in the complexity frame is not to choose one or the other. Instead, policy is seen as affecting a complex evolving system that cannot be controlled. But while it cannot be controlled, it can be influenced, and policymakers have to continually think how to work with evolutionary pressures, and try to guide those pressures toward desirable ends. Within the complexity frame, top-down control actions are a last resort. Their use suggests that you have failed in your previous attempts to get the ecostructure right.

Place Making in George Town, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Khor ◽  
Matt Benson
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
State Government ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Place Making ◽  
Local Manufacturing ◽  
The Government ◽  
George Town

Chapter 3 provided several examples of the planning and management of urban heritage areas and their resources. This chapter describes the experience of George Town, where the government directed a top-down planning exercise, as expected of a World Heritage property. The process had significant government attention and investment, both financial and technical. The island of Penang in northern Malaysia (Figure 4.2) has hosted a strong tourism industry since the 1970s when the state government decided to develop the tourism industry to complement local manufacturing, as part of a strategy to generate jobs. This policy resulted in the development of the island’s north coast as beachside resorts, which until the mid-1990s made Penang a top tourism destination. This beachside resort model was copied widely throughout Southeast Asia, resulting in competition from neighbouring countries, including Thailand and Indonesia. Meanwhile, Penang’s own appeal was undermined, however, by over-development and pollution.

Collaborative Enterprise Architecture for Municipal Environments

2011 ◽  
pp. 294-310
Author(s):  
Leonidas G. Anthopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Enterprise Architecture ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
The Government

E-government evolves according to strategic plans with the coordination of central Governments. This top-down procedure succeeds in slow but sufficient transformation of public services into e-Government ones. However, public agencies adapt to e-Government with difficulty, requiring holistic guidance and a detailed legal framework provided by the Government. The setting up of common Enterprise Architecture for all public agencies requires careful analysis. Moreover, common Enterprise Architecture could fail to cover the special needs of small or municipal agencies. The chapter uses data from various major e-Government strategies, together with their enterprise architectures, in order to introduce a development model of municipal Enterprise Architecture. The model is based on the experience collected from the Digital City of Trikala, central Greece, and results in “Collaborative Enterprise Architecture”.

‘The Inalienable Right of the White Man’

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-99
Author(s):  
Cees Heere
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treaty Port ◽  
British Policy ◽  
Regional Order ◽  
Treaty Ports ◽  
China Coast ◽  
Public Campaigns

Victory over Russia established Japan as the leading power in East Asia, and inaugurated a period during which its economic and political influence in the region sharply expanded. This chapter explores these shifts in the regional order from the perspective of both British policymakers in London, and from that of the British communities in Shanghai, Hong Kong, and the other ‘treaty ports’ scattered along the China coast. For many, Japan, came to represent a challenge to British hegemony in China that manifested itself on a racial as well as on the commercial or political fronts. The chapter goes on to analyse the efforts of the ‘Shanghailanders’ to mobilize British policy to constrain Japanese power in the region through public campaigns and political manoeuvring. In the process, it demonstrates how treaty port residents articulated their own vision on Britain’s imperial future in Asia.

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