With Expectation of Great Progress in Organic Electrochemistry

There was great progress in increasing participation rates in secondary and tertiary education post-war, as there was in Britain’s peer countries. There was also an increase in the proportion of the age group achieving qualifications such as GCSEs but many doubts have been raised about the comparability of these qualifications over time. Independent studies of reading and literacy suggest that progress was positive but slow, while independent cross-national studies show that average test scores of British schoolchildren did not progress any faster than in peer countries. It is doubtful therefore whether educational reforms have made much difference. However, education also contributes to the empowerment of a country’s citizens and to values and behaviours such as tolerance and healthy lifestyles, and educational expansion has contributed to social progress in this way.

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Developing and Validating a Scale of Tourism Gentrification in Rural Areas

Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research ◽

10.1177/10963480211014930 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109634802110149

Author(s):

Chaohui Wang ◽

Yumei Xu ◽

Tingting (Christina) Zhang

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Living Standards ◽

Rural Tourism ◽

Measurement Scale ◽

Community Culture ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Cultural Appreciation ◽

Great Progress ◽

Development And Validation

In recent years, tourism gentrification has made great progress in rural areas and has had significant impacts on these areas’ development, specifically in the domains of the economy, living standards, community, culture, and environment. Tourists play a key role in developing tourism gentrification in rural areas, but research investigating tourism gentrification in rural areas from the tourist perspective is scarce. To fill this gap, we focus on tourism gentrification and develop a measurement scale from the tourist perspective through multiple qualitative and quantitative steps. Our findings confirm that tourism gentrification in rural areas from the tourist perspective comprises eight dimensions: economic growth, enhanced environment, enhanced living standards, individual civilization, improved communication, promoted social environment, cultural appreciation, and improved individual quality. Through development and validation of the scale, we hope to offer a comprehensive referencing index of tourism gentrification in rural areas to policy makers and rural tourism practitioners.

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Transition metal-catalyzed organic reactions in undivided electrochemical cells

Chemical Science ◽

10.1039/d1sc04011a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cong Ma ◽

Ping Fang ◽

Dong Liu ◽

Ke-Jin Jiao ◽

Pei-Sen Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transition Metal ◽

Research Area ◽

Metal Catalysts ◽

Organic Reactions ◽

Electrochemical Cells ◽

Organic Electrochemistry ◽

Transition Metal Catalyzed ◽

Metal Catalyzed

Abstract: Transition metal-catalyzed organic electrochemistry is a rapidly growing research area owing in part of the ability of metal catalysts to alter the selectivity of a given transformation. This conversion...

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Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13122978 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2978

Author(s):

Chia-Jung Li ◽

Yen-Dun Tony Tzeng ◽

Yi-Han Chiu ◽

Hung-Yu Lin ◽

Ming-Feng Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Targeted Therapy ◽

Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽

Triple Negative ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Early Recurrence ◽

New Developments ◽

Great Progress ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Made In

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous tumor characterized by early recurrence, high invasion, and poor prognosis. Currently, its treatment includes chemotherapy, which shows a suboptimal efficacy. However, with the increasing studies on TNBC subtypes and tumor molecular biology, great progress has been made in targeted therapy for TNBC. The new developments in the treatment of breast cancer include targeted therapy, which has the advantages of accurate positioning, high efficiency, and low toxicity, as compared to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Given its importance as cancer treatment, we review the latest research on the subtypes of TNBC and relevant targeted therapies.

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The Study of Multiple Classes Boosting Classification Method Based on Local Similarity

Algorithms ◽

10.3390/a14020037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Shixun Wang ◽

Qiang Chen

Keyword(s):

Image Retrieval ◽

Loss Function ◽

Single Mode ◽

Local Similarity ◽

Text And Image ◽

Data Set ◽

Standard Data ◽

Weak Learner ◽

Great Progress ◽

Data Points

Boosting of the ensemble learning model has made great progress, but most of the methods are Boosting the single mode. For this reason, based on the simple multiclass enhancement framework that uses local similarity as a weak learner, it is extended to multimodal multiclass enhancement Boosting. First, based on the local similarity as a weak learner, the loss function is used to find the basic loss, and the logarithmic data points are binarized. Then, we find the optimal local similarity and find the corresponding loss. Compared with the basic loss, the smaller one is the best so far. Second, the local similarity of the two points is calculated, and then the loss is calculated by the local similarity of the two points. Finally, the text and image are retrieved from each other, and the correct rate of text and image retrieval is obtained, respectively. The experimental results show that the multimodal multi-class enhancement framework with local similarity as the weak learner is evaluated on the standard data set and compared with other most advanced methods, showing the experience proficiency of this method.

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Electrocatalysts for Using Renewably-Sourced, Organic Electrolytes for Redox Flow Batteries

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11030315 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 315

Author(s):

Robert S. Weber

Keyword(s):

Reaction Rates ◽

High Potential ◽

Organic Electrolytes ◽

Redox Flow Batteries ◽

Organic Electrochemistry ◽

Flow Batteries ◽

Redox Shuttles ◽

Episodic Nature

Biomass could be a source of the redox shuttles that have shown promise for operation as high potential, organic electrolytes for redox flow batteries. There is a sufficient quantity of biomass to satisfy the growing demand to buffer the episodic nature of renewably produced electricity. However, despite a century of effort, it is still not evident how to use existing information from organic electrochemistry to design the electrocatalysts or supporting electrolytes that will confer the required activity, selectivity and longevity. In this research, the use of a fiducial reaction to normalize reaction rates is shown to fail.

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Semantic Mapping for Mobile Robots in Indoor Scenes: A Survey

Information ◽

10.3390/info12020092 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

Xiaoning Han ◽

Shuailong Li ◽

Xiaohui Wang ◽

Weijia Zhou

Keyword(s):

Mobile Robots ◽

Semantic Information ◽

Semantic Mapping ◽

Human Beings ◽

Future Directions ◽

Essential Requirement ◽

Semantic Map ◽

Semantic Maps ◽

Great Progress ◽

Indoor Scenes

Sensing and mapping its surroundings is an essential requirement for a mobile robot. Geometric maps endow robots with the capacity of basic tasks, e.g., navigation. To co-exist with human beings in indoor scenes, the need to attach semantic information to a geometric map, which is called a semantic map, has been realized in the last two decades. A semantic map can help robots to behave in human rules, plan and perform advanced tasks, and communicate with humans on the conceptual level. This survey reviews methods about semantic mapping in indoor scenes. To begin with, we answered the question, what is a semantic map for mobile robots, by its definitions. After that, we reviewed works about each of the three modules of semantic mapping, i.e., spatial mapping, acquisition of semantic information, and map representation, respectively. Finally, though great progress has been made, there is a long way to implement semantic maps in advanced tasks for robots, thus challenges and potential future directions are discussed before a conclusion at last.

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Building Multi-Feature Fusion Refined Network for Building Extraction from High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13142794 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 2794

Author(s):

Shuhao Ran ◽

Xianjun Gao ◽

Yuanwei Yang ◽

Shaohua Li ◽

Guangbin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feature Fusion ◽

Small Scale ◽

Automatic Extraction ◽

Learning Approaches ◽

Building Extraction ◽

Visual Interpretation ◽

Learning Capacity ◽

Convolutional Networks ◽

Fully Convolutional Networks ◽

Great Progress

Deep learning approaches have been widely used in building automatic extraction tasks and have made great progress in recent years. However, the missing detection and wrong detection causing by spectrum confusion is still a great challenge. The existing fully convolutional networks (FCNs) cannot effectively distinguish whether the feature differences are from one building or the building and its adjacent non-building objects. In order to overcome the limitations, a building multi-feature fusion refined network (BMFR-Net) was presented in this paper to extract buildings accurately and completely. BMFR-Net is based on an encoding and decoding structure, mainly consisting of two parts: the continuous atrous convolution pyramid (CACP) module and the multiscale output fusion constraint (MOFC) structure. The CACP module is positioned at the end of the contracting path and it effectively minimizes the loss of effective information in multiscale feature extraction and fusion by using parallel continuous small-scale atrous convolution. To improve the ability to aggregate semantic information from the context, the MOFC structure performs predictive output at each stage of the expanding path and integrates the results into the network. Furthermore, the multilevel joint weighted loss function effectively updates parameters well away from the output layer, enhancing the learning capacity of the network for low-level abstract features. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed BMFR-Net outperforms the other five state-of-the-art approaches in both visual interpretation and quantitative evaluation.

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Can a Semi-Active Energy Harvesting Shock Absorber Mimic a Given Vehicle Passive Suspension?

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21134378 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (13) ◽

pp. 4378

Author(s):

Jorge A. Reyes-Avendaño ◽

Ciro Moreno-Ramírez ◽

Carlos Gijón-Rivera ◽

Hugo G. Gonzalez-Hernandez ◽

José Luis Olazagoitia

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvesting ◽

Load Resistance ◽

Ball Screw ◽

External Energy ◽

Shock Absorbers ◽

Great Progress ◽

Control Circuits ◽

Minimum Velocity ◽

Wasted Energy ◽

At Will

Energy harvesting shock absorbers (EHSA) have made great progress in recent years, although there are still no commercial solutions for this technology. This paper addresses the question of whether, and under what conditions, an EHSA can completely replace a conventional one. In this way, any conventional suspension could be replicated at will, while recovering part of the wasted energy. This paper focuses on mimicking the original passive damper behavior by continuously varying the electrical parameters of the regenerative damper. For this study, a typical ball-screw EHSA is chosen, and its equivalent suspension parameters are tried to be matched to the initial damper. The methodology proposes several electrical control circuits that optimize the dynamic behavior of the regenerative damper from the continuous variation of a load resistance. The results show that, given a target damper curve, the regenerative damper can adequately replicate it when there is a minimum velocity in the damper. However, when the damper velocity is close to zero, the only way to compensate for inertia is through the introduction of external energy to the system.

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Rhodium-Catalyzed, Phosphorus(III)-Directed Hydroarylation of Internal Alkynes: Facile and Efficient Access to New Phosphine Ligands

Synlett ◽

10.1055/a-1314-0064 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Minyan Wang ◽

Zhuangzhi Shi ◽

Huanhuan Luo ◽

Dawei Wang

Keyword(s):

High Selectivity ◽

Enantiomeric Excess ◽

Phosphine Ligands ◽

Rapid Construction ◽

Efficient Access ◽

Internal Alkynes ◽

Great Progress ◽

Chiral Phosphine Ligands ◽

Optimized Conditions ◽

Made In

AbstractOrganophosphines are an important class of ligands widely used in organic chemistry. Although great progress has recently been made in the rapid construction of new phosphines through Rh- or Ru-catalyzed C–H bond functionalizations, synthetic access to more diverse phosphines remains a challenge. We describe an efficient process for the rhodium-catalyzed phosphorus(III)-directed hydroarylation of internal alkynes to generate various alkenylated and 2′,6′-dialkenylated biarylphosphines with high selectivity. A range of diverse alkynes and phosphines were effectively prepared with broad functional-group compatibility under the optimized conditions. In addition, the developed protocol can be extended to modify chiral phosphine ligands, providing enantioenriched alkenylated phosphines without erosion of the enantiomeric excess.

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