scholarly journals Optimal Heating Temperature and Time for Echelon 10 and Excelsior SL-10 Shaping Using a Heat Gun

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Tomio ◽  
Tsuyoshi Uesugi ◽  
Kazunori Akaji
Keyword(s):  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Optimal Heating

scholarly journals Study on Microstructure and Properties of a New Warm-Stamped Niobium-Alloyed Steel

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Peng Tian ◽  
Wen Liang ◽  
Zhennan Cui ◽  
Guoming Zhu ◽  
Yonglin Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Alloyed Steel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Decarburized Layer ◽  
Optimal Heating

The warm stamping technology is a promising technology to meet the needs of car weight reduction and energy conservation. In order to compare with the mechanical properties of the traditional hot-stamped boron-alloyed steel 22MnB5, a new warm-stamped niobium-alloyed steel 22Mn3SiNb was designed and tested. The optimal heating parameters for warm forming process were explored through mechanical tests, and the process of their microstructure evolution was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), etc. The experimental results indicate that the optimal heating parameters for the niobium-alloyed steel 22Mn3SiNb are a heating temperature of 800 °C and a soaking time of 5 min. Compared to the hot-stamped boron-alloyed steel 22MnB5 under their respective optimal heating parameters, the properties and microstructure characteristics of 22Mn3SiNb are greatly improved, and nearly no decarburized layer is found on the surface of the niobium-alloyed steel 22Mn3SiNb. In addition, the addition of Nb produces the effects of grain refinement and precipitation strengthening due to the introduction of plenty of nano-precipitated particles and dislocations. In the end, it can be predicted that the new warm-stamped niobium-alloyed steel will replace the conventional hot-stamped boron-alloyed steel.

Heating Current Control in Electric Hot Minipore Drilling Hard-to-Cut Material

2010 ◽  
Vol 34-35 ◽  
pp. 1605-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Tang ◽  
Qiang Wu ◽  
Bang Yan Ye ◽  
X.F. Hu ◽  
Yu Zhong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Cutting Conditions ◽  
Hard Material ◽  
Heating Current ◽  
Optimum Cutting ◽  
Hot Machining ◽  
Electric Hot Machining ◽  
Optimal Heating

The key point for improving efficiency of Electric Hot Machining (EHM) is to keep an optimal heating temperature in cutting process. This paper introduces the principle and system for realizing optimal heating current control, Electric Hot Machining is applied to minipore drill of hard-material, a method of rapid determining the optimal heating current under various cutting conditions in electric hot drilling is proposed based on the conservation law of optimum cutting temperature. For a certain combination of tool and workpiece, the heating current in different cutting conditions can be obtained by changing heating current and measuring the cutting temperature in electric hot drilling.

scholarly journals Investigation of coal pyrolysis tar of Aduunchuluun deposit

2018 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Ankhtuya A ◽  
Namkhainorov J ◽  
Battsetseg M ◽  
Batbileg S ◽  
Batkhishig D ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Coal Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Organic Bases ◽  
Pyrolysis Tar ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Condensed Liquid ◽  
Optimal Heating

The generated products of heating of coal in airless condition are hard residue, condensed liquid and gas. The condensed liquid product or tar is one of the most important product of pyrolysis. Therefore detailed investigation on pyrolysis of brown coal and it is tar studies provide basic theoretical knowledge for further thermal processing and application of coal. Have been determined main technical characteristics and elemental composition of the analytical sample of Aduunchuluun coal. The pyrolysis experiments have been performed at different heating temperatures (550-600oC) and determined the yields of pyrolysis products. The optimal heating temperature of pyrolysis of Aduunchuluun coal was chosen 500oC in which the yield of tar was higher (32%). The purified tar was subjected for FTIR analysis. Also the tar organic bases and organic acids are separated from the tar and the residual neutral fractions of pyrolysis tar were divided in to several fractions including aliphatic, aromatic and polar. And these fractions analyzed by GC/MS analysis and the determined most important organic substances are derivatives of benzene, naphtha-lene, phenols and alcohols. Адуунчулууны ордын нүүрсний пиролизын давирхайн судалгаа Хураангуй: Нүүрсийг агааргүй орчинд халуун задралд оруулахад хатуу, шингэн болон хийн бүтээгдэхүүн үүсэх ба чухал бүтээгдэхүүн нь шингэн бүтээгдэхүүн болох давирхай юм. Пиролизын давирхайн нарийвчилсан судалгаа нь тухайн нүүрсний цаашдын боловсруулалт болон хэрэглээнд онолын суурь мэдлэг болж өгдөг. Адуунчулууны ордын нүүрсний техникийн шинжилгээ (үнс, чийг, дэгдэмхий, илчлэг), элементийн бүрэлдэхүүнийг тодорхойлж уг ордын нүүрсийг халуун задралд (пиролизд 550-600 оС температурт) оруулж хий, шингэн (давирхайн задралын усны гарц 32%), хатуу бүтээгдэхүүний гарцыг тодорхойлж гарган авсан шингэн бүтээгдэхүүн давирхайн бүлгийн бүрэлдэхүүн, нил улаан туяаны спектрийн арга (НУТС), мөн янз бүрийн температурын хязгаарт нэрж гарцыг тогтоов. Мөн түүнчлэн Адуунчулууны ордын нүүрсний пиролизын давирхайн органик хүчил, суурийг нь салгаад үлдсэн саармаг нэгдэлд колонкон хроматограф ашиглан алифатик, ароматик, туйлт нэгдэл гэж ялган хийн хроматограф/масс спектрометр GC/MS-ийн багажит анализын аргаар нүүрсустөрөгчдийн найрлагыг нь тодорхойлоход бензол, нафталин, түүний уламжлал болон спиртүүд ихээр агуулагдаж байгааг тодорхойлов. Түлхүүр үг: пиролиз, давирхай, ароматик, туйлт, саармаг тос

INFLUENCE OF PRODUCT TO BE FRIED TYPE ON THE RATE OF THERMAL OXIDATION OF OILS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. БОРИСЕВИЧ ◽  
Т.И. ЧАЛЫХ
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Oxidation ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Deep Frying ◽  
Chicken Nuggets ◽  
Animal Product ◽  
Oxidation Inhibitors ◽  
Optical Density Index ◽  
Optimal Heating

Проведено исследование процесса термического окисления подсолнечного и кокосового масел при 175°С в условиях поточного обжаривания в них картофеля и куриных наггетсов с отбором проб растительного масла через каждый час работы. Для определения количества продуктов окисления был использован метод спектрофотометрии. Установлено, что после 10 ч проведения обжарки исследованные фритюрные масла были пригодны для дальнейшего использования (Е < 15). Показатель оптической плотности кокосового масла независимо от вида обжариваемого в нем продукта в течение всего эксперимента был ниже аналогичного показателя подсолнечного масла. Предложена оптимальная температура нагрева кокосового масла для обжаривания во фритюре – не более 0,9 от температуры точки дымления. Показано более активное накопление вторичных продуктов окисления во фритюрном масле при обжаривании продукта животного происхождения по сравнению с обжариванием продукта растительного происхождения, что можно объяснить наличием в составе картофеля ингибиторов окисления (пероксидаза, каталаза, витамин С). The study of the process of thermal oxidation of sunflower and coconut oils at 175°C under conditions of in-line frying of potatoes and chicken nuggets in them with the sampling of vegetable oil every hour of operation was carried out. To determine the amount of oxidation products the method of spectrophotometry was used. It was found that after 10 hours of roasting, the studied fryer oils were suitable for further use (E < 15). The optical density index of coconut oil, regardless of the type of product fried in it, was lower than that of sunflower oil throughout the experiment. The optimal heating temperature of coconut oil for deep frying is proposed-no more than 0,9 of the temperature of the smoking point. A more active accumulation of secondary oxidation products in deep-frying oil is shown when frying an animal product compared to frying a vegetable product, which can be explained by the presence of oxidation inhibitors (peroxidase, catalase, vitamin C) in the composition of potatoes.

scholarly journals Theoretical Study on Thermal Release of Helium-3 in Lunar Ilmenite

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Hongqing Song ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Yueqiang Sun ◽  
Yongping Li ◽  
Xianguo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Concentration Profile ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Lunar Soil ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Release Time ◽  
Thermal Release ◽  
Helium 3 ◽  
Optimal Heating

The in-situ utilization of lunar helium-3 resource is crucial to manned lunar landings and lunar base construction. Ilmenite was selected as the representative mineral which preserves most of the helium-3 in lunar soil. The implantation of helium-3 ions into ilmenite was simulated to figure out the concentration profile of helium-3 trapped in lunar ilmenite. Based on the obtained concentration profile, the thermal release model for molecular dynamics was established to investigate the diffusion and release of helium-3 in ilmenite. The optimal heating temperature, the diffusion coefficient, and the release rate of helium-3 were analyzed. The heating time of helium-3 in lunar ilmenite under actual lunar conditions was also studied using similitude analysis. The results show that after the implantation of helium-3 into lunar ilmenite, it is mainly trapped in vacancies and interstitials of ilmenite crystal and the corresponding concentration profile follows a Gaussian distribution. As the heating temperature rises, the cumulative amounts of released helium-3 increase rapidly at first and then tend to stabilize. The optimal heating temperature of helium-3 is about 1000 K and the corresponding cumulative release amount is about 74%. The diffusion coefficient and activation energy of helium-3 increase with the temperature. When the energy of helium-3 is higher than the binding energy of the ilmenite lattice, the helium-3 is released rapidly on the microscale. Furthermore, when the heating temperature increases, the heating time for thermal release of helium-3 under actual lunar conditions decreases. For the optimal heating temperature of 1000 K, the thermal release time of helium-3 is about 1 s. The research could provide a theoretical basis for in-situ helium-3 resources utilization on the moon.

scholarly journals Investigating the Potential Plasticizing Effect of Di-Carboxylic Acids for the Manufacturing of Solid Oral Forms with Copovidone and Ibuprofen by Selective Laser Sintering

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3282
Author(s):  
Yanis Abdelhamid Gueche ◽  
Noelia M. Sanchez-Ballester ◽  
Bernard Bataille ◽  
Adrien Aubert ◽  
Jean-Christophe Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Polymer Powder ◽  
Tartaric Acids ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Optimal Heating

In selective laser sintering (SLS), the heating temperature is a critical parameter for printability but can also be deleterious for the stability of active ingredients. This work aims to explore the plasticizing effect of di-carboxylic acids on reducing the optimal heating temperature (OHT) of polymer powder during SLS. First, mixtures of copovidone and di-carboxylic acids (succinic, fumaric, maleic, malic and tartaric acids) as well as formulations with two forms of ibuprofen (acid and sodium salt) were prepared to sinter solid oral forms (SOFs), and their respective OHT was determined. Plasticization was further studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Following this, the printed SOFs were characterized (solid state, weight, hardness, disintegration time, drug content and release). It was found that all acids (except tartaric acid) reduced the OHT, with succinic acid being the most efficient. In the case of ibuprofen, only the acid form demonstrated a plasticizing effect. DSC and FTIR corroborated these observations showing a decrease in the glass transition temperature and the presence of interactions, respectively. Furthermore, the properties of the sintered SOFs were not affected by plasticization and the API was not degraded in all formulations. In conclusion, this study is a proof-of-concept that processability in SLS can improve with the use of di-carboxylic acids.

Kinetics Study of Endogenous Heat Shock Protein 70 Expression

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 794-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihong Wang ◽  
Kenneth R. Diller ◽  
Shanti J. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Hsp70 Expression ◽  
Kinetics Study ◽  
Aortic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Optimal Heating ◽  
Heating Duration ◽  
Second Window Of Protection ◽  
Expression Kinetics

The purpose of this study was to determine the kinetics of HSP70 expression in response to mild thermal stress. The rationale is to produce a basis for design of optimal heating methods to induce HSP70 expression for preconditioning in cardiac surgery. Bovine aortic endothelial cells were heated at 42°C for 0.5 to 5 hours followed by 37°C recovery for 1 to 48 hours. Quantitative analysis of western blot results showed HSP70 expression kinetics is a coupled function of heating temperature and time and of post-heating duration. Bimodal HSP70 expression kinetics were identified which may be an important cause of the “second window of protection” observed by other researchers.

EFFECTS OF HEAT TREATMENT ON BLUE SAPPHIRES AS MONITORED BY ESR SPECTROSCOPY

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 3273-3284 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. UDOMKAN ◽  
P. LIMSUWAN ◽  
P. WINOTAI ◽  
S. MEEJOO
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Corundum Structure ◽  
Optimal Heat Treatment ◽  
Monoclinic Distortion ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Optimal Heating

We report effects of heat treatments on physical properties and finding optimal heating condition to add value to Thai blue sapphires. The color of sapphire arises from the presence of trace 3d-transition ions in its crystal lattice. For blue sapphire, the color is due to a charge transfer mechanism between Fe 2+ and Ti 4+ ions. However, iron may adopt both Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ due to oxygen vacancies. Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ yield sapphire yellow and green colors, respectively. Therefore, we have to convert as many as possible of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ by heating the blue sapphire in N 2 atmosphere for 12 h. Experimental results reveal that the ratio of lattice parameter c/a increases with the heating temperature and reaches maximum at 1700°C, which can be caused by displacement of Fe 3+ ions or more Fe 3+ ions being converted to Fe 2+. ESR signals show that the number of Fe 3+ ions decreases roughly linearly with the heating temperature. The intense sky blue color was achieved after the 1500°C heat treatment, having the [Formula: see text] ratio ~0.78. The optimal heat treatment should therefore be at 1500°C in flowing N 2 atmosphere for Thai blue sapphires which yield intense sky blue color and good crystal clarity. The blue sapphires exhibited good clarity but light sky blue due to the increase in lightness after the treatment at 1700°C. A monoclinic distortion of the corundum structure has been found to start at the 1600°C treatment by ESR spectrometer. This is also clearly evident from low angle shifts of XRD peaks after heating at 1700°C. We can therefore conclude that the color change of Thai blue sapphires arises from the conversion of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ and thus the change in crystal field. The monoclinic distortion of the crystal structure may also play an important role in coloring the sapphires after the heat treatment at 1600–1700°C.

scholarly journals Theoretical Study on Specific Loss Power and Heating Temperature in CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles as Possible Candidate for Alternative Cancer Therapy by Superparamagnetic Hyperthemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5505
Author(s):  
Costica Caizer
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Cofe2o4 Nanoparticles ◽  
Specific Loss ◽  
Specific Loss Power ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Optimal Heating

In this paper, we present a theoretical study on the maximum specific loss power in the admissible biological limit (PsM)l for CoFe2O4 ferrimagnetic nanoparticles, as a possible candidate in alternative and non-invasive cancer therapy by superparamagnetic hyperthermia. The heating time of the nanoparticles (Δto) at the optimum temperature of approx. 43 °C for the efficient destruction of tumor cells in a short period of time, was also studied. We found the maximum specific loss power PsM (as a result of superparamegnetic relaxation in CoFe2O4 nanoparticles) for very small diameters of the nanoparticles (Do), situated in the range of 5.88–6.67 nm, and with the limit frequencies (fl) in the very wide range of values of 83–1000 kHz, respectively. Additionally, the optimal heating temperature (To) of 43 °C was obtained for a very wide range of values of the magnetic field H, of 5–60 kA/m, and the corresponding optimal heating times (Δto) were found in very short time intervals in the range of ~0.3–44 s, depending on the volume packing fraction (ε) of the nanoparticles. The obtained results, as well as the very wide range of values for the amplitude H and the frequency f of the external alternating magnetic field for which superparamagnetic hyperthermia can be obtained, which are great practical benefits in the case of hyperthermia, demonstrate that CoFe2O4 nanoparticles can be successfully used in the therapy of cancer by superaparamagnetic hyperthermia. In addition, the very small size of magnetic nanoparticles (only a few nm) will lead to two major benefits in cancer therapy via superparamagnetic hyperthermia, namely: (i) the possibility of intracellular therapy which is much more effective due to the ability to destroy tumor cells from within and (ii) the reduced cell toxicity.

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