Religion and Resistance in Appalachia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Witt
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Appalachian Studies ◽  
Mountaintop Removal ◽  
Place Studies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Critical Regionalism ◽  
Religious Perspectives ◽  
Physical Interactions ◽  
Dark Green

This volume examines the complex roles of religious values and perceptions of place in the efforts of twenty-first-century anti-mountaintop removal activists in Appalachia. Applying theoretical insights from religious studies, Appalachian studies, and critical regionalism, the work charts how views of Appalachian place were transformed and revised through activism and how different religious threads were involved in that process, weaving together patterns of meaning and significance to help motivate activist efforts and reshape visions of Appalachia. The specific religious threads examined include Catholic and mainline Protestant visions of eco-justice (or religiously inspired arguments in support of social and environmental justice), evangelical Christian views of Creation Care (a term encompassing multiple visions of theocentric stewardship ethics), and forms of nature-venerating spirituality (including spiritual and religious proponents of biocentric ethics and “dark green religion”). These religious perspectives encountered friction with other perspectives, structures, and practices, generating new perspectives on the issue formed from physical interactions between diverse stakeholders as well as new visions for Appalachia in a post-mountaintop removal future. The work points to ways that scholars might continue to analyze the interconnections between local religious values and perceptions of place, influencing further studies in the interdisciplinary field of religion and nature, place studies, and social movements.

Religion, Place, and Mountaintop Removal

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
First Century ◽  
Strip Mining ◽  
Appalachian Studies ◽  
Mountaintop Removal ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Critical Regionalism ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Twenty First Century

This chapter examines the historical development of anti-mountaintop removal activism in Appalachia in the early twenty-first century. The chapter first examines how twenty-first-century groups such as Mountain Justice emerged out of decades of localized activism against strip mining in the area. It then outlines the theoretical influences from Appalachian studies and religious studies that have shaped this discussion of religion and place in Appalachia, including studies of Appalachian history and development, critical regionalism, and approaches to “lived religion.” Based on these theoretical concepts, the remainder of the book explores multiple religious threads in the re-imagining of Appalachian place by anti-mountaintop removal activists in light of a physically transformed topography.

scholarly journals The Christian Foundations of Fritz Jahr’s Concept of Bio-Ethik and Contemporary Central European Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-109
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Beliakova ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
First Century ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Central European ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Bioethical Issues ◽  
Ideological Conflict ◽  
Twenty First Century

The article presents the concept of Bio-Ethik by the German theologian Fritz Jahr (1895–1953) and discusses the reasons of the interest to his legacy in Central Europe. The popularity of Fritz Jahr’s works fits into the specific context of a complex development of bioethics in Central Europe at the turn of the twenty-first century. The appeal to Fritz Jahr’s ideas in the field of bioethics allows us to assess the contribution of Christian thinkers to the articulation of bioethical issues and to raise the question of why in modern bioethics, which is trying to draw upon universal, non-religious values, there was a demand for theological works of a Protestant pastor. The article describes the attitude to bioethics in Germany at the turn of the 1980s–90s, the ideological conflict of the “anti-bioethics” movement and the context of the new reception of Fritz Jahr’s works.

Green political philosophy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Ball
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
General Rule ◽  
First Century ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Nature Conservancy ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Light Green ◽  
Wind And Water Erosion

All the major political philosophies have been born of crisis. Green political philosophy is no exception to this general rule. It has emerged from that interconnected series of crises that is often termed ‘the environmental crisis’. As we enter the second decade of the twenty-first century it seems quite clear that the level and degree of environmental degradation and destruction cannot be sustained over the longer term without dire consequences for human and other animal species, and the ecosystems on which all depend. A veritable explosion in the human population, the pollution of air and water, the melting of the polar ice caps and the resulting rise in sea levels, the overfishing of the oceans, the destruction of tropical and temperate rain forests, the extinction of entire species, the depletion of the ozone layer, the build-up of greenhouse gases, global warming, desertification, wind and water erosion of precious topsoil, the disappearance of valuable farmland and wilderness for ‘development’ – these and many other interrelated phenomena provide the backdrop and justification for the ‘greening’ of much of modern political thinking. The task of outlining and summarizing the state of green political philosophy is made more difficult because there is as yet no agreement among ‘green’ political thinkers. Indeed there is, at present, no definitive ‘green political philosophy’ as such. The environmental or green movement is diverse and disparate, and appears in different shades of green. These range from ‘light green’ conservationists to ‘dark green’ deep ecologists, from ecofeminists to social ecologists, from the militant ecoteurs of Earth First!, to the low-keyed gradualists of the Sierra Club and the Nature Conservancy. These groups differ not only over strategy and tactics, but also over fundamental philosophy as well. While there is no single, systematically articulated and agreed-upon green political philosophy, however, there are nonetheless recurring topics, themes, categories and concepts that are surely central to such a political philosophy. These include the idea that humans are part of nature and members of a larger and more inclusive ‘biotic community’ to which they have obligations or duties. This community includes both human and nonhuman animals, and the conditions conducive to their survival and flourishing. Such a community consists, moreover, not only of members who are alive but those who are as yet unborn. A green political philosophy values both biological and cultural diversity, and views sustainability as a standard by which to judge the justness of human actions and practices. Exactly how these themes might fit together to form some larger, systematic and coherent whole is still being worked out.

The Single’s Struggle: Discovering Involuntary Singleness in Indonesia Through Gender and Religious Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-389
Author(s):  
Karel Karsten Himawan
Keyword(s):  
Religious Values ◽  
Religious Perspective ◽  
Personal Preference ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Religious Perspectives ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Western Perspective ◽  
Ways Of Being ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Personal Fulfillment

Singleness emerges as a theme in studies on contemporary relationships across societies, including in Indonesia. While in most Western societies, singleness reflects an individual’s personal preference, marriage is viewed as cultural imperative in Indonesia, and being single is often held involuntarily by most never-married adults. This study outlines the reasons of why Indonesian individuals remain involuntarily single. The interviews of 40 never-married adults aged 27–52 years ( M age = 33.14; SD = 4.04) revealed that gender and religious differences regarding marriage expectation are central themes in understanding involuntary singleness. The study particularly revealed four gender-specific reasons for why individuals remained involuntarily single: obtaining a career, having an incompatible marriage expectation, having dependent family members, and having temporal perspectives of singleness. Two themes emerged regarding the religious perspective of singleness: religious interpretations about singleness and religion-related coping ways of being involuntarily single. The themes suggest that marriage is not a mere personal fulfillment as cultural and religious values determine individuals’ marriage feasibility. While offering a new perspective of involuntary singleness from non-Western perspective, the results inform strategies to cope with unwanted singleness, particularly in the marriage- and religion-preoccupied societies.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Membrane Intracellular Communication in Healthy and Diseased Myocardium

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu K. Kumar ◽  
Atreju Lackey ◽  
Jonathan Snyder ◽  
Sunil Karhadkar ◽  
Ajay D. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
First Century ◽  
Apoptosis Induction ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Intracellular Communication ◽  
Intracellular Organelle ◽  
Physical Interactions ◽  
Cellular Bioenergetics

Research efforts in the twenty-first century have been paramount to the discovery and development of novel pharmacological treatments in a variety of diseases resulting in improved life expectancy. Yet, cardiac disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over time, there has been an expansion in conditions such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). Although past research has elucidated specific pathways that participate in the development of distinct cardiac pathologies, the exact mechanisms of action leading to disease remain to be fully characterized. Protein turnover and cellular bioenergetics are integral components of cardiac diseases, highlighting the importance of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in driving cellular homeostasis. More specifically, the interactions between mitochondria and ER are crucial to calcium signaling, apoptosis induction, autophagy, and lipid biosynthesis. Here, we summarize mitochondrial and ER functions and physical interactions in healthy physiological states. We then transition to perturbations that occur in response to pathophysiological challenges and how this alters mitochondrial–ER and other intracellular organelle interactions. Finally, we discuss lifestyle interventions and innovative therapeutic targets that may be used to restore beneficial mitochondrial and ER interactions, thereby improving cardiac function.

scholarly journals MENCARI KALIMATUN SAWA DALAM PLURALISME AGAMA (KAJIAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuraeni Nuraeni
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
First Century ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Roman Religion ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Government ◽  
Fundamental Values

Religious pluralism in Indonesia is a necessity that cannot be avoided because it adheres to diversity. As we know that in Indonesia there are six religions recognized by the government namely (Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Catholicism and Kong hu chu) and every Indonesian citizen must embrace one of these religions, besides that human beings themselves are part of pluralism itself, so we live in pluralism.Normatively, doctrinaire of religion always teaches kindness, love and harmony. But sociological reality shows the opposite, religion is actually used as a source of ongoing conflict, both internal and external conflicts, such as clashes between the Early Church Christians with Jews, Christians with adherents of Roman religion (imperial religion) in the first century to the third century. Not much different from that in Indonesia, so we need to find a meeting point or Sawa sentence, looking for a conducive and prospective approach to the realization of sacred religious values (fundamental values) to be applicable solutions in looking at this plural future. 

Earth–world–planet: Rural ecologies of horror and dark green criminology

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill McClanahan
Keyword(s):  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Green Criminology ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
Cultural Criminology ◽  
Mountaintop Removal ◽  
Mountaintop Removal Mining ◽  
Linguistic Categories ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Dark Ecology

This article responds to green criminology. Drawing on an ethnographic case study of the coal-producing region of Appalachia and the processes of mountaintop removal mining, the article engages contemporary philosophy, ecocriticism, and “dark ecology” to suggest that green criminology rethink its linguistic categories and epistemological assumptions. The article employs an analysis of some examples of horror cinema to suggest criminological engagement with “ecologies of horror” and the “horrors of ecology” that condition life in the shadow of harmful modes of resource extraction. It concludes with some thoughts on the potential of a “dark” green and green-cultural criminology.

scholarly journals A Context for Complexism: Between Neoliberal Social Thought and Algorithmic Art

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 341-352
Author(s):  
Ricky D. Crano
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Computer Algorithms ◽  
New Science ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Algorithmic Art ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Many ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Tools And Techniques

Abstract Among the many genres of visual art to emerge in the wake of computerisation, the subset of generative or algorithmic art known as complexism seems uniquely keyed to the social and technological mainsprings of everyday life in the twenty-first century. Complexism typically deploys computer algorithms to demonstrate how complex phenomena can emerge through the reiterative enactment of simple rulesets. The light and sound installations and the videos that complexist artists produce, alongside the discourses surrounding the works, stand out as singularly contemporary, not necessarily for their exploitation of now-ubiquitous telematic tools and techniques, but for their deep commitment to the trailblazing problems, methods, and hypotheses set out by the new science of complexity. Practitioners of and commentators on complexism (the work and writings of Philip Galanter feature most prominently here) persistently invoke this booming interdisciplinary field of complexity research. Against this trend, I argue that for all the leverage the tools and terms of complexity science supply to complexist art, the concept of complexity itself remains surprisingly vague and shorn of any historical sensibility. One preliminary aim of this essay is to bring more theoretical rigour to the artists’ use of this concept by beginning to fill in the missing backstory. From there, I move to complicate this genealogy by introducing a somewhat controversial figure-the social theorist, political economist, and legal philosopher Friedrich Hayek, who had posited similar problems concerning the emergence and maintenance of complex, self-organized systems as early as the 1930s, and whose theoretical solutions to these problems were instrumental to what historians and sociologists have subsequently described as capitalism’s late “neoliberal turn.”

In Connection: Feminist Epistemology for the Twenty-first Century

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waltraud Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Feminist Epistemology ◽  
First Century ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Historical Outline ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Feminist Movements

The paper offers a historical outline of the main positions and protagonists of feminist epistemology as a specific field in philosophy at the end of the twentieth century, in the context of a feminist critique of knowledge in academia in general as part of international feminist movements. The main question discussed is whether there is a specific feminist concept of philosophical and scientific knowledge. If so, what is its innovative aspect? What are the philosophical problems in arguing for feminist knowledge? Is there a specific insight or methodological approach? A further question is what role, if any, feminist epistemology plays in the interdisciplinary field of Gender Studies. The discussion will centre on how feminist epistemology relates to non-scientific practices. In particular, the role of the concept of objectivity in feminist epistemology will be elaborated. This will illuminate the connection between the feminist knowledge project with other emancipatory projects and outline how feminist constructivism might play a prominent role in this context in the twenty-first century.

Writing Appalachia

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Prescription Drug Abuse ◽  
White People ◽  
Local Color ◽  
Mountaintop Removal ◽  
Appalachian Literature ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Selection Of

From the earliest oral traditions to print accounts of frontier exploration, from local color to modernism and postmodernism, from an exuberant flowering in the 1970s to its high popular and critical profile in the twenty-first century, Appalachian literature can boast a long tradition of delighting and provoking readers. Yet, locating an anthology that offers a representative selection of authors and texts from the earliest days to the present can be difficult. Katherine Ledford and Theresa Lloyd have produced an anthology to meet this need. Simultaneously representing, complicating, and furthering the discourse on the Appalachian region and its cultures, this anthology works to provides the historical depth and range of Appalachian literature that contemporary readers and scholars seek, from Cherokee oral narratives to fiction and drama about mountaintop removal and prescription drug abuse. It also aims to challenge the common stereotypes of Appalachian life and values by including stories of multiple, often less heard, viewpoints of Appalachian life: mountain and valley, rural and urban, folkloric and postmodern, traditional and contemporary, Northern and Southern, white people and people of color, straight and gay, insiders and outsiders—though, on some level, these dualisms are less concrete than previously imagined.

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