scholarly journals Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Dog-bite Wounds: A 5-year Retrospective Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1301-1310
Author(s):  
Christine Lee ◽  
Ekaterina Tiourin ◽  
Sawyer Schuljak ◽  
Jonathan Phan ◽  
Theodore Heyming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Dog Breed ◽  
Head Neck

Introduction: Dog bites are a significant health concern in the pediatric population. Few studies published to date have stratified the injuries caused by dog bites based on surgical severity to elucidate the contributing risk factors. Methods: We used an electronic hospital database to identify all patients ≤17 years of age treated for dog bites from 2013–2018. Data related to patient demographics, injury type, intervention, dog breed, and payer source were collected. We extracted socioeconomic data from the American Community Survey. Data related to dog breed was obtained from public records on dog licenses. We calculated descriptive statistics as well as relative risk of dog bite by breed. Results: Of 1,252 injuries identified in 967 pediatric patients, 17.1% required consultation with a surgical specialist for repair. Bites affecting the head/neck region were most common (61.7%) and most likely to require operating room intervention (P = 0.002). The relative risk of a patient being bitten in a low-income area was 2.24, compared with 0.46 in a high-income area. Among cases where the breed of dog responsible for the bite was known, the dog breed most commonly associated with severe bites was the pit bull (relative risk vs German shepherd 8.53, relative risk vs unknown, 3.28). Conclusion: The majority of injuries did not require repair and were sufficiently handled by an emergency physician. Repair by a surgical specialist was required <20% of the time, usually for bites affecting the head/neck region. Disparities in the frequency and characteristics of dog bites across socioeconomic levels and dog breeds suggest that public education efforts may decrease the incidence of pediatric dog bites.

scholarly journals Dog Bites in Children: A Descriptive Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connor McGuire ◽  
Alex Morzycki ◽  
Andrew Simpson ◽  
Jason Williams ◽  
Michael Bezuhly
Keyword(s):  
Primary Repair ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics

Objective: To describe characteristics of dog bites and their treatment in a pediatric population including infection, medical specialties involved, rates of admission, and need for surgery. Method: Patients presenting with a dog bite to the emergency department of a tertiary care pediatric hospital between January 1, 2015, and June 30, 2017, were included. Details related to demographics, complications, consultations, and treatment were extracted from the patients’ records. Descriptive statistics were performed and binary logistic regression was used to assess potential predictors of infection. Results: One hundred fifty-eight dog bite patients were identified. Most patients were male (53.8%) and less than 5 years of age (50%). Bites occurred most frequently in June (13.3%) and July (16.5%). The face was most commonly involved (42.9%), followed by the hands (12.6%) and the scalp (26.6%). Pit bulls (11.4%), Labrador retrievers (7.0%), and German shepherds (4.4%) were the most common offending breeds. Most bites were superficial (91.1%). Half were treated conservatively with dressings and petrolatum-based ointment, with 41.1% requiring simple primary closure. Ten (6.3%) cases necessitated primary repair in the main operating room under general anesthesia. More than half of patients were treated with prophylactic systemic antibiotics (55.1%). Plastic surgery was the most common service involved (24.7%). Seven (4.4%) patients developed an infection and there were no mortalities or long-term complications. Rates of infection did not differ between patients who did or did not receive prophylactic systemic antibiotics ( P = .88). Regression analysis revealed no significant predictors of infection. Conclusions: Most dog bites are superficial and involve the head and hands. Infection rate is low, with no significant difference in infection rates between patients treated with or without prophylactic antibiotics.

scholarly journals Diverse spectrum of facial dog bite presentation and their management

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 3017
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Jain ◽  
Gautam Prakash ◽  
Manojit Midya ◽  
Pankaj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Head Neck

Background: Dog bite patients are frequently encountered in our hospital seeking immediate as well as delayed reconstruction. More than two third of dog bite injuries involve head, neck and scalp region. Facial dog bites present a challenge for the surgeon, as they lead to cosmetic disfigurement and psychological trauma to the patient. Following thorough washout and debridement, we have used various reconstructive techniques for definitive management of wounds like- primary repair, V-Y advancement flap, nasolabial flap, SSG, FTG and Karapandzic flap. Purpose of the present study is to share our experiences in management of dog bite wounds on the face in both adult and paediatric patients with available reconstructive options to maximize the functional and cosmetic outcomes by using basic principles of surgery.Methods: Present study was a single centre retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care centre from February 2013 to January 2018. Total 497 patients of dog bite who presented in the emergency department were enrolled. Out of them 310 patients had involvement of head, neck and scalp requiring surgical intervention in any form.Results: In last five years, we have encountered mid face predilection in face, head and neck cases. Out of 310 cases, lip (25.16%) and cheek (24.51%) were involved in majority of the patients. Flap cover surgery is required in majority of the scalp and nose group of patients, as there is less mobility of tissue present in surrounding region, while cheek and lip were managed with primary closure in most of the patients.Conclusions: Although most of the dog bites are preventable, but cases of dog bite are increasing continuously. Child should never be left alone with dogs and, if they are fear of dogs, it’s better not to obtain dogs. As far now, it’s a major concern for treating physician or surgeon to provide optimal cosmetic as well as functional outcome. Early surgical intervention for wound management gives better results with the use of basic principles of plastic surgery.

scholarly journals A Case of Too Much Doggy Love

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (S1) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Melissa J MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Adult Supervision ◽  
Animal Bites ◽  
Head Neck ◽  
At Home

Animal bites, especially bites to the head, neck and face, are common injuries in children.1 It is estimated that in the pediatric population dog bites account for 0.3% to 1.5% of all presentations for medical care.1 Children are most likely to be bitten by a familiar dog at home and are frequently bitten due to a provoked attack.1-3 Appropriate adult supervision could prevent many of these bites from occurring.

scholarly journals One-year descriptive analysis of patients treated at an anti-rabies clinic – a retrospective study from Kashmir

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Bashir ◽  
Inaamul Haq ◽  
S Muhammad Salim Khan ◽  
Mariya Amin Qurieshi
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Animal Bites ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Dog bites in humans are a major public health problem in India in general and Kashmir in particular. Canine rabies is almost non-existent in developed countries and exists mainly in the poorer, low socioeconomic strata of society in the developing world. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics, pattern, and burden of dog bite injuries in the Kashmir valley. Methodology and principal findings Data from Anti-Rabies Clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Srinagar, the summer capital of the state of Jammu & Kashmir, was collated and analyzed. Analysis of records of all the patients who had reported between April 2016 and March 2017 was done. A total of 6172 patients had reported to the Anti-Rabies Clinic for management of animal bites from 1st April 2016 to 31st March 2017. Most of the patients were young males. Almost half (47.7%) of the patients were bitten in the afternoon. Lower limbs were the most common site of bite (71.7%). Most of the bites were of Category III (57.6%) followed by Category II (42.3%); only one case of Category I was recorded. Almost all (98.0%) cases reported being bitten by dogs. Conclusions Category III dog bites on lower limbs are the most common type of animal bites. Children have more chances of a bite on head and neck region. Serious and workable efforts have to be made to reduce the incidence and consequences of animal bites. Author summary In Kashmir, dog bite is an important public health problem. Thousands of people become victims of an animal bite, especially dog bite, and some of them develop rabies. Rabies is an invariably fatal viral disease resulting in approximately 59 000 human deaths per year globally, with 95% of cases occurring in Africa and Asia. The only way to prevent a rabies death is vaccination of an animal bite victim. In Kashmir, the burden and characteristics of dog bites are not routinely captured by the health system in place. We, therefore, attempted to find out the burden and characteristics of animal bite victims by analyzing one-year data from an Anti-Rabies Clinic at a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir. We found that 98% of the patients registered at the clinic during the period were victims of a dog bite. The victims were mostly young males but females and children were not shown any mercy either. Lower limbs were the most favorite site of the bite. Our analysis of the data also revealed that children under 15 years were more prone to a bite in the head and neck region. We concluded that the burden of animal bites, especially dog bites, is huge in Kashmir and recommended that serious efforts directed towards immunizing and decreasing the stray dog population need to be put into practice to decrease the number of animal bite victims and prevent any rabies deaths.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Dog Bite Incidents in Chile: Factors Related to the Patterns of Human-Dog Relationship

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Carmen Luz Barrios ◽  
Carlos Bustos-López ◽  
Carlos Pavletic ◽  
Alonso Parra ◽  
Macarena Vidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Public Health Facilities ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Psychological Injuries ◽  
Animal Bites

Dog bites are one of the main public health problems. They produce important consequences for those who suffer them (physical and psychological injuries, secondary infections, sequelae, risk of transmission of zoonoses and surgeries, among others). The objective of this study was to characterize epidemiologically the incidents of bites in Chile and the patterns of human-dog relationship involved. The records analyzed in this article were obtained from bitten patients who attended the main public health facilities in Chile during the period 17 September 2017 and 17 September 2018: In the period studied, 17,299 animal bites were recorded; however, only 7220 (41.74%) cases were analyzed in which the offending species could be identified. Of the bites analyzed, 6533 were caused by dogs (90.48%). Of these, 41.05% were caused by medium-sized dogs. Most bites were caused by dogs of mixed breeds (55.99%), followed by dogs of the German Shepherd breed (8.50%). Most of the dogs that bit were known to the victim (99.95%) and most of the attacks occurred indoors (57.48%). Although dog bite records have improved in Chile, it would be useful to also include background information on the context in which the incident occurred, which would be very useful for developing effective bite prevention programs.

scholarly journals Dog-Bite–Related Craniofacial Fractures among Pediatric Patients: A Case Series and Review of Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-255
Author(s):  
Robert Saadi ◽  
Benjamin S. Oberman ◽  
Jessyka G. Lighthall
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
The Face ◽  
Craniofacial Fractures

Dog bites in the pediatric population commonly cause injuries to the head and can be associated with fractures, often leading to prolonged hospital stays, multiple surgical interventions, and long-term complications. Our goal was to evaluate our experience with dog-bite–related craniofacial fractures, understand frequency and demographics of these fractures, identify common fracture patterns, and provide recommendations based on management and complications encountered. The institution's electronic medical record was reviewed. A review of the English literature for the past 20 years was also conducted. A retrospective chart review was conducted using ICD-9 codes to include all patients with head and neck dog bites and craniofacial fractures. Fractures resulting from canine bites to the face and scalp were rare, occurring in our study in less than 1% of total facial dog bites (1,069 cases) and 1.5% of pediatric facial dog bites (462 cases). Ages ranged from 5 months to 9 years at the time of presentation. A total of seven patients, all pediatric, were documented. All seven patients required operative intervention for their wounds, and five patients required at least two operative interventions. Midface and skull fractures were the most commonly encountered fracture sites. Dog bite injuries to the face in young children, especially when severe, should raise suspicion for fracture of underlying bone. Management of these injuries should include a multidisciplinary approach and focus on repair of soft tissue and skeletal deformities. Furthermore, it is prudent to follow up patients who require operative management after injury to monitor for long-term complications, given the significant proportion of complications and operative takebacks in this study.

scholarly journals A study on dog bite incidence in Union Territory of Dadra & Nagar Haveli, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
V. Khan ◽  
D. B. Zala ◽  
K. M. Joshi ◽  
V.K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Union Territory

The injuries caused by dog bites have grown to such epidemic proportions that they are now considered a major public health concern. The epidemiology of dog bites in the UT of Dadra & Nagar Haveli has been evaluated, for the year 2012. This assessment included victims age, sex, biting site and season of the year. During the study, a total of 938 dog bites, were reported from aforesaid place. Of all the dog bites reported, 39.6% victim belonged to age group upto 0-15 year (children) and 60.4% were more than 15 years old (adults). The majority of the incidents 40.8% occurred during the pre monsoon period (1-20 weeks). There was no case of rabies. There is a need to educate the public about the magnitude of dog-bite problems, enforce leash laws and impound stray dogs as an integral part of prevention programs.

scholarly journals Insights about the Epidemiology of Dog Bites in a Canadian City Using a Dog Aggression Scale and Administrative Data

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamh Caffrey ◽  
Melanie Rock ◽  
Olivia Schmidtz ◽  
Doug Anderson ◽  
Melissa Parkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
The City ◽  
Bite Injuries

Dog bites are a public health concern that also implicates animal welfare, with negative outcomes such as rehoming or euthanasia for the animals responsible. Previous research has shown that the severity of dog-bite injuries reflects multiple factors, including the degree of inhibition exhibited by dogs and how people behave towards dogs. This study utilizes an objective dog bite injury assessment tool: The Dunbar aggression scale. Trained officers employed by The City of Calgary systematically use the Dunbar scale whenever investigating dog-bite complaints. We analyzed The City of Calgary’s administrative data on confirmed dog-bite injuries in people, 2012–2017, with a multivariable generalized ordered logistic regression model. Severe dog-bite injuries occurred more frequently in the family home than in any other setting. Young children, youths and older adults were at higher risk of more serious bites than adults. There has been a decreasing trend in the probability of a high or medium severity bite, and an increasing trend in the probability of a low severity bite since 2012. These results indicate that greater public awareness regarding dog-bite injuries is needed. Consideration should be given to campaigns targeted towards different demographics, including older adults, to provide an understanding of dog behaviour and to emphasize the need to supervise children closely in the presence of all dogs at all times, including family dogs in the home environment. Given that dog-bite injuries are not just a public health issue, but also an animal welfare issue, we endorse One Health responses in educational campaigns, policy development, and professional practice.

Epidemiological Features of Dog Bites among Children Attending Emergency Room in Al-showmely General Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Alwan Baiee ◽  
Weli Hatif
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Bite Injuries

Dog bites are common and can affect victims of different ages.Dog bite injuries in children are a preventable health problem.Dog bites are a serious health problem that cause both physical and emotional damage to victims and considerable cost to communities. Studies on dog bites among Iraqi children were very scarce.This study focuses on theincidence,mechanisms,and epidemiologicalcircumstances ofdog biteinjuriesin a series of pediatric patients who sustained dog bites in emergency Room. MethodologyA cross sectional study was designed to studyall cases of dog bites attending the emergency room in AL-Showmely General Hospital located in the southern district – Babylon province-Iraq, during the period ; from the January, first,2017 through theend of March, 2018.Special constructed were prepared to collect data through interview of victims or their companions who attended the emergency section during this period,ethical clearances were obtained.*A total of 320 children presented to the hospital with dog bite injuries.The incidence rate of dog bites was 275 per 100000 population, the male to female ratio was 3:1.the most common dog bite injuries took place in September44 (13.75%). Injury rates were highest in those aged 0-4,declining thereafter with age. In the 6-10, year age group141 (44.1%), most of cases living in rural district (villages). The most affected location were lower limbs, only 3.4% of the injured children had completed the post exposure anti rabies vaccine. Dog bites are common health problem among children,Children who are younger than 10 years represent the high-risk group for dog attacks. very few of them had complete the prophylactic post exposure vaccine Therefore, prevention strategies should focus on public education,training health care providers and controlling stray dogs.

scholarly journals Reproduction in Trypanosomatids: Past and Present

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Camino Gutiérrez-Corbo ◽  
Bárbara Domínguez-Asenjo ◽  
María Martínez-Valladares ◽  
Yolanda Pérez-Pertejo ◽  
Carlos García-Estrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genetic Exchange ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Experimental Works ◽  
Genomic Recombination ◽  
The Impact

Diseases caused by trypanosomatids (Sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis) are a serious public health concern in low-income endemic countries. These diseases are produced by single-celled parasites with a diploid genome (although aneuploidy is frequent) organized in pairs of non-condensable chromosomes. To explain the way they reproduce through the analysis of natural populations, the theory of strict clonal propagation of these microorganisms was taken as a rule at the beginning of the studies, since it partially justified their genomic stability. However, numerous experimental works provide evidence of sexual reproduction, thus explaining certain naturally occurring events that link the number of meiosis per mitosis and the frequency of mating. Recent techniques have demonstrated genetic exchange between individuals of the same species under laboratory conditions, as well as the expression of meiosis specific genes. The current debate focuses on the frequency of genomic recombination events and its impact on the natural parasite population structure. This paper reviews the results and techniques used to demonstrate the existence of sex in trypanosomatids, the inheritance of kinetoplast DNA (maxi- and minicircles), the impact of genetic exchange in these parasites, and how it can contribute to the phenotypic diversity of natural populations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document