scholarly journals The Risk Factors Associated with Congenital Anomalies in Newborns

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Panteha Sadough Shahmirzady ◽  
Abdoulreza Esteghamati ◽  
Azita Sadough ◽  
Fatemeh Sarvi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Maternal Disease

Background: Congenital anomalies are a physical impairment that occurring to baby at birth. About 10% of anomalies are caused by teratogenic effect, including chemicals, viruses, physical agents, and medications. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the risk factors of congenital anomalies in newborns. Methods: 332 infants with congenital anomalies (case group) and 332 healthy infants (control group) were compared in this case-control study, which was conducted in Akbar Abadi Hospital from April 2016 to April 2017, on infants who are diagnosed with congenital anomalies, based on a first pediatric examination. The data obtained from these infants were analyzed, based on questionnaires and clinical records. Results: The adjusted odds ratio (OR) estimate of congenital anomalies were 1.045 for increasing maternal age, 2.47 for consanguineous parents, 4.42 for positive maternal disease (hypertension, Diabetes, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism) compared to negative maternal disease, 1.92 for cesarean section compared to natural vaginal delivery, 3.02 for positive history of abortion compared to negative history of abortion, 1.136 for father’s age, 2.47 for smoking mothers compared to non-smoking mothers, 3.27 for mothers with the history of having child with abnormality compared to mothers who did not have child with abnormality, and 0.91for gestational age. Conclusions: maternal disease, the history of having child with abnormality, and the history of abortion were the most effective factors in anomalies. In the next step, the consanguineous parents, smoking, the type of delivery, and father’s age were important risk factors. Finally, maternal age and gestational age had significant effect on anomaly.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for premature birth in a hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita E. Ahumada-Barrios ◽  
German F. Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inadequate Prenatal Care

Abstract Objective: to determine the risk factors for premature birth. Methods: retrospective case-control study of 600 pregnant women assisted in a hospital, with 298 pregnant women in the case group (who gave birth prematurely <37 weeks) and 302 pregnant women who gave birth to a full-term newborn in the control group. Stata software version 12.2 was used. The Chi-square test was used in bivariate analysis and logistic regression was used in multivariate analysis, from which Odds Ratios (OR) and Confidence Intervals (CI) of 95% were derived. Results: risk factors associated with premature birth were current twin pregnancy (adjusted OR= 2.4; p= 0.02), inadequate prenatal care (< 6 controls) (adjusted OR= 3.2; p <0.001), absent prenatal care (adjusted OR= 3.0; p <0.001), history of premature birth (adjusted OR= 3.7; p <0.001) and preeclampsia (adjusted OR= 1.9; p= 0.005). Conclusion: history of premature birth, preeclampsia, not receiving prenatal care and receiving inadequate prenatal care were risk factors for premature birth.

scholarly journals Pattern of congenital anomalies in neonates at tertiary care centre in Hyderabad, India: a hospital based prospective observational study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Paramesh Pandala ◽  
Rakesh Kotha ◽  
Himabindu Singh ◽  
Nirmala C.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex

Background: With advancements of perinatal, neonatal care congenital defects were the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in developed world. It is one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality in India. Its incidence also influenced by many preventable risk factors. Hence, we are carried out this study to know the changing pattern of congenital anomalies and to know the effect of environmental risk factors on congenital anomalies.Methods: Prospective observational study conducted at Niloufer hospital Hyderabad during period from November 2017 to 2018. We included intramural and extramural babies. Analysed data by appropriate statistical methods.Results: Most common system involved was Central nervous system (CNS) with 25 cases out of 112 cases followed by Gastrointestinal system (GIT)and Cardiovascular system (CVS). Meningomyelocele, anorectal malformations and acyanotic heart diseases were most common type of congenital anomalies. Thirty seven to forty weeks gestational age group babies were most commonly have congenital anomalies than other gestational age group babies. Low birth weight babies had higher percentage of congenital anomalies (2.64%). Congenital anomalies were more in the male sex (2.53%) as compared to female babies (1.73%). Maternal obesity, consanguineous marriage and previous family history of congenital anomalies associated with increased risk of congenital anomalies with significant p values.Conclusions: Incidence of congenital anomalies was 2.15%. Most of congenital anomalies were involved in CNS. Birth weight, Gestational age, Male sex, consanguineous marriage, maternal Obesity and previous family history of congenital anomalies were significantly associated with increased risk of congenital anomalies.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with spontaneous abortion in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Safira Zakira ◽  
Gatut Hardianto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Maternal Death ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Maternal Disease

The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in Indonesia is still fairly high. One of the top three causes of maternal death is bleeding. Spontaneous abortion is an early pregnancy problem leading to the occurrence of bleeding and direct maternal death. The causes of spontaneous abortion vary and can be caused by multiple factors. Early identification of risk factors is necessary to reduce mortality and morbidity due to spontaneous abortion and its complications. This study's objective was to identify the risk factors of spontaneous abortion in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. This study was an observational analytic with a case-control approach. The population was all pregnant women hospitalized at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018. The samples were 120 in total, included  40 cases and 80 controls taken by consecutive sampling. The data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Chi-square test. The results based on the bivariate analysis showed history of previous abortion (p <0.001), chronic maternal disease (p <0.001), hemoglobin levels (p = 0.020), maternal age (p= 0.026), gravidity (p= 0.036), and  infection (p= 0.037) had significant correlation with spontaneous abortion. In conclusion, risk factors associated with spontaneous abortion in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital were history of previous abortion, chronic maternal disease, anemia, advanced maternal age, multigravidity, and infection. Positive pregnancy outcomes are expected to play a role in reducing MMR in Indonesia. Therefore, high-risk pregnant women are suggested to carry out regular Antenatal care recommendations with intensive supervision.

Risk Factors for Ectopic Pregnancy: A Multi-center Case Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nooria Atta ◽  
Fahima Aram ◽  
Nafisa Naseri ◽  
Mahbooba Sahak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Pelvic Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is defined as a pregnancy in which fertilized oocyte implants outside the endometrial cavity. Although there is no known etiology for ectopic pregnancy, some risk factors of EP have been determined. It has been evident that ectopic pregnancy can be of multifactorial origin. This multicenter research aims to study risk factors associated with increased risk of ectopic pregnancy in women living in Kabul. Methods: A multicenter case control study was conducted in five tertiary maternity hospitals located in Kabul, Afghanistan. A total of 457 pregnant women were included in this study. In the case group, women with diagnosed ectopic pregnancy, while in control group women with intrauterine pregnancy were included. For each case in this study, two controls were enrolled. Results: The mean (SD) age of women in case group was 27.9 (6) years while in control group it was 26.4 (5.5) years. This difference was not statistically significant. We found a significant association between history of abortion and EP (Adj. OR=1.57; 95%CI: 1.02, 2.42). Having history of abdominal/pelvic surgery was a risk factor for EP with adjusted OR 1.94 (95%CI: 1.15, 3.30). In this study we found an increasing risk of EP in women of 35 years or older compared to younger women (Crude OR=2.26; p= 0.024). In women reporting prior EP, the chance of its recurrence was increased (Crude OR= 9.64; 95%CI: 1.1, 83.2). No association of gravidity and parity was found with EP incidence. Conclusions: In this study we found a statistically significant association between history of abdominal/pelvic surgery and EP. In addition, history of abortion was suggested as a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy. In case of having a previous EP probability of its recurrence will be increased. Women with advanced age having other potential risk factors will be facing higher risk of EP.

scholarly journals Genetic Variants of CD40 Gene Are Associated with Coronary Artery Disease and Blood Lipid Levels

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liting Zhou ◽  
Lin Xie ◽  
Dongchun Zheng ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Jian Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Chinese Han ◽  
Han Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Blood Lipid Levels ◽  
T Haplotype

Objectives. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect ofCD40andCXCR4genes polymorphisms on CAD susceptibility and the blood lipid levels and history of cardiovascular risk factors in a Chinese Han population.Materials and Methods. A total of 583 unrelated patients with CAD and 540 controls were recruited. Two tag SNPs (rs4239702 and rs1535045) at theCD40locus and one tag SNP (rs2228014) at theCXCR4locus were genotyped using the SEQUENOM Mass-ARRAY system.Results. After adjusting the risk factors, the frequency of rs1535045-T allele was also higher in patients than controls. Haplotype analysis showed that the rs4239702(C)-rs1535045(T) haplotype was associated with CAD. People with rs4239702-TT genotype had higher blood lipid levels in case group while it was not in the control group. History of cardiovascular risk factors showed no association for the three SNPs in case group and control group.Conclusions. rs1535045 inCD40gene is likely to be associated with CAD in the Chinese Han population. rs4239702(C)-rs1535045(T) haplotype was associated with CAD. Only in CAD patients, the blood lipid level of patients with rs4239702-TT genotype was higher than other patients.CXCR4gene may not relate to CAD.

scholarly journals Y chromosome polymorphisms may contribute to an increased risk of male-induced unexplained recurrent miscarriage

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Man-Zhen Zuo ◽  
Jun-Hua Fang ◽  
Hai-Rong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage

The present study aims to explore the relationship between the Y chromosome polymorphisms (1qh+, inv(9), 9qh+, 16qh+, group D/G, Yqh– and Yqh+) and the risk of unexplained recurrent miscarriage (URM). A total of 507 couples with URM were recruited as case group and 465 healthy couples as control group. The Y chromosome polymorphisms of the male individuals were analysed with the G-banding technique, and the results of the chromosome G-banding analysis were determined using the International Naming Standards of Human Genetics (ISCN). Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the risk factors for URM. The detection rate of Y chromosome polymorphisms in the case group (12.03%) was higher than that in the control group (2.15%). Y chromosome polymorphisms were detected at significantly higher rates in the case group than in the control group. Using the normal Y chromosomes in individuals of the case group as reference, the partners of their counterparts were more likely to experience miscarriage. The couples who were Y chromosome-polymorphism carriers had shorter gestational age, increased frequency of URM and longer average interval between pregnancies. The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that Y chromosome polymorphisms, shorter gestational age, a higher frequency of miscarriage and longer pregnancy interval were independent risk factors for URM. Y chromosome polymorphisms may be associated with the risk of URM and may play an important role in the development of URM.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR RESIKO PAPARAN PESTISIDA PADA KEHAMILAN DENGAN KEJADIAN BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH (BBLR) DI KOTA PADANGSIDIMPUAN TAHUN 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Fithri Handayani Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
History Of ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
And Storage

Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the main causes of infant mortality. The problem that arises is whether there is a relationship between risk factors for pesticide exposure during pregnancy and the incidence of LBW in agricultural areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for pesticide exposure associated with LBW incidence. This research is a case control study. Subjects were divided into two groups: a case group of 25 farmers with a history of giving birth to LBW and a control group who were neighbors of case subjects without a history of giving birth to LBW, a total of 25 farmers. This research data collection using interviews and observations. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis (chi square and fisher as alternatives). Research results: risk factors for exposure to pesticides that have been shown to be associated with the incidence of LBW in Padangsidimpuan, include: occupation of pregnant women related to pesticides (OR = 6,769) completeness of personal protective equipment (PPE) while doing activities in the fields (OR = 18,857) and storage pesticides (OR = 12,667). The recommended advice is to avoid work that is directly related to pesticides during pregnancy, if you have to participate in agricultural activities, pregnant women should use complete PPE.

scholarly journals Risk factors of bronchiolitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
I Gde Doddy Kurnia Indrawan ◽  
IB Subanada ◽  
Rina Triasih
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
And Control

Background Bronchiolitis peak incidence is in children aged 2 -6months. History of atopy in parents, non-exclusive breastfeeding,exposure to cigarette smoke, and infants living in crowded areasmay be risk factors for bronchiolitis. Gestational of age at birth isalso influences the mortality oflower respiratory tract infection.Objective To evaluate the following conditions as possiblerisk factors for bronchiolitis: history of atopy, non-exclusivebreastfeeding, preterm infants, exposure to cigarette smoke, and2:: 6 persons residing in the home.Methods A sex-matched case-control study was conductedby collecting data from medical records at Sanglah Hospital,Denpasar. The case group subjects met the diagnostic criteriafor bronchiolitis and were aged 1-24 months. The control groupincluded patients with diagnoses unrelated to the respiratorysystem. Data was analyzed using bivariate (Mc.N emar) andmultivariate methods (logistic regression) with 95% confidenceintervals and statistical significance value of P <0 .05.Results There were 96 subjects in our study, consisted of 48subjects in the case group and 48 in the control group. Thecase and control groups were similar in baseline characteristics.The presence of history of atopy (OR 34.7; 95%CI 3 to 367,P=0.003), non-exclusive breastfeeding (OR 4.3; 95%CI 1.4 to13, P=0.010), exposure to cigarette smoke (OR 3; 95%CI 1 to9.2, P=0.047), and 2:: 6 persons living in the home (OR 7.9;95%CI 2.6 to 24, P<0.0001) were found to be significant riskfactors for bronchiolitis, while the preterm infants seem notsignificant as a risk factor of bronchiolitis (OR3; 95%CI 0.31 to78.99, P=0.625).Conclusion History of atopy, non-exclusive breastfeeding,exposure to cigarette smoke, and 2:: 6 persons living in the homeare found to be risk factors, while preterm infants seem not a riskfactor for bronchiolitis.

scholarly journals Clinical Study on Risk Factors and Fetomaternal Outcome of Severe Preeclampsia in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aklima Sultana ◽  
Lutfun Nahar Begam Koli ◽  
Syeda Sayeeda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pulmonary Oedema ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group 5

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) especially severe or early PE, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the mothers and infants.To determine the maternal risk factors and fetomaternal outcome of severe preeclampsia. Methods: It was a case control study, done in a tertiary care hospital among 100 patients with severe preeclampsia and normal pregnant women admitted. Sampling technique were consecutive sampling methods. Singleton pregnancy between 28 to 40 weeks of gestation with severe preeclampsia were selected as study patients. Written informed consent was obtained. A questionnaire was completed for each patient including patient's age, gestational age, parity, History of hypertension in family, weight and Body Mass Index (BMI). Maternal complications before or after delivery, and perinatal outcome were also be recorded in the data sheet. Data was analyzed by SPSS-20. Results: Among the 50 cases and 50 controls regarding different risk factors age >34 years, BMI, history of precelampsia, were found significant (p<0.05) between two groups. Among the case group, patients developed eclampsia 2(4.0%) abruptio placenta 3(6.0%) HELLP syndrome 2(4.0%) ascites 4(8%) and oliguria1(2.0). But none of the control group had developed these types of complications. In case group 7(14.0%) patients developed PPH and pulmonary oedema 3(6.0%). In control group 5(10.0%) developed PPH and 1(2.0%) developed pulmonary oedema. It was observed that, in case group 5(12.5%) babies had very low birth weight (<1.5 kg) but not in control group. twenty one (52.5%) of the babies had low birth weight (<2.5 kg) in case group and 8.0% of babies had low birth weight in control group. Most 56.0% of the neonates had APGAR score 4-6 at 1 minute in case group and 12(24.0%) in control group. In case group 17(34%) babies developed birth asphyxia and 15(30.0%) of babies developed prematurity, where in control group 7(14.0%) babies developed birth asphyxia and 3(6.0%) of babies developed prematurity. 32(80.0%) newborn needed admission in neonatal care unit in case group and 10(20.0%) in control group (p<0.05). Take baby in home safely in 35(70.0%) in cases group and 50(100.0%) in control group. Early neonatal death was found in 5(10.0%) in case group and not found in control group. Still birth was 10(20.0%) case group and not found control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Preeclampsia is a leading cause of both fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality in the developing countries. Maternal and fetal outcome are worse in severe preeclampsia. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.17 (1); Jan 2018; Page 23-28

scholarly journals Study of congenital malformation in tertiary care centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasannajeet Kokate ◽  
Roshni Bang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Management Options ◽  
History Of

Background: Birth defects are important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Congenital anamolies are defined as structural and functional abnormalities including metabolic disorders present at birth. There are several known factors that are associated such as maternal infection like TORCH, genetic factors, drugs, maternal age, Consanguinity. Screening in late first and second trimester is important tool to reduce the prevalence.Methods: A retrospective study was done. Data was collected and analyzed. Fetal outcome was assessed. Variables like maternal age, parity, consanguinity, abortions, sibling with malformation, nutrition, smoking ,alcoholism, family history of congenital anomalies, conceived after infertility treatment, maternal diabetes, infections, fever, drugs, history of intrauterine deaths were critically evaluated.Results: Out of total 5020 deliveries, 50 babies with congenital anomalies identified. Incidence being 0.9%, commonest congenital anomalies involving craniospinal system (44%). Second most common is musculoskeletal system (30%). Consanguinity is single most important factor which was found to increase the risk of congenital anomalies in our study. In 40% of the cases consanguinity was noted. Most common perinatal risk factors are preterm labor (22%), polyhydramnios (8%) and breech (16%). The fetal outcome was 80% of the babies were compatible with life and 20% were non compatible.Conclusions: In the present study, most of the mothers who had anomalous fetuses had risk factors like consanguinity and previous history of abortions. Hence the need for focused screening in this high risk category. A level II targeted scan is done at 18-20 weeks and again at 24 weeks to exclude anomalies and reduce the prevalence. Once an anomaly is detected, various management options are to be discussed with the patients in consultation with neonatologist, pediatric surgeon and neurosurgeon when necessary. If parents are willing to continue the pregnancy with compatible congenital anamolies in baby then pregnancy may be continued. But if the congenital anamoly is imcompatible with life then pregnancy should be terminated. This study was conducted to study the incidence of various congenital anamolies in babies and their possible etiological factors in the population visiting to tertiary care hospital at Mumbai.

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