Comparing the Effects of Two Cream Formulations, Henna (Lawsonia inermis) and Clotrimazole, on Vaginal Candidiasis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Vaginal candidiasis is the most prevalent infection among reproductive-aged women. The current treatment for this disorder includes azole compounds. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two creams, henna (Lawsonia inermis) and clotrimazole, on vaginal candidiasis. Methods: In this trial, 80 women with vaginal candidiasis were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups to receive either henna (n = 40) or clotrimazole (n = 40) for one week. The ethanol extract of henna was prepared. Vaginal discharge was cultured, and vaginal pH, colony formation, lactobacillus formation, and vaginitis subjective symptoms were evaluated before and one, two, and four weeks after the intervention. The chi-square test, independent t-test, and Generalized Estimating Equations were were used for analyzing the data using SPSS version 22. Results: After four weeks of the intervention, almost 90% of the women in the henna group declared no burning sensation, itching, discharge, irritation, or dyspareunia, while only 45%, 5%, 37.5%, 52.5%, and 27.5% of the participants in the clotrimazole group did not have these symptoms, respectively (P < 0.001). The means (SD) of colony formation were 290.85 (47.35) and 265.12 (37.46) in the henna and clotrimazole groups, respectively, at the baseline, which reduced to zero and 25.45 (25.09) in the 4th week of the intervention (P = 0.001). Compared with the clotrimazole group, there was a significant increase in the mean of lactobacillus formation and a significant decrease in vaginal pH in the henna group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Henna vaginal cream could significantly reduce the symptoms of vaginal candidiasis, such as burning sensation, itching, discharge, irritation, and dyspareunia. Also, it could decrease colony formation and vaginal pH and increase lactobacillus formation.

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Effectiveness of Pugun Tanoh Leaves Ethanol Extract (Curanga fel-terrae (Lour.) Merr) as an Anti-inflammation in Patients after Tooth Extraction at Dental and Mouth Hospital of Dentistry Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2020.4758 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (D) ◽

pp. 209-212

Author(s):

Hendry Rusdy ◽

Marianne Marianne ◽

Baginda Mangatur Gurning

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Mefenamic Acid ◽

Tooth Extraction ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Analog Scale ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Anti Inflammation

BACKGROUND: Pugun Tanoh (Curanga fel-terrae (Lour.) Merr) is one of the medicinal plants. C. fel-terrae often used by the Karo tribe of Tiga Lingga Village, Kabupaten Dairi, Provinsi Sumatera Utara to treat diarrhea, asthma, cough, scabies, inflammation, bruising, and abdominal pain. Hence, it is necessary to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of Pugun Tanoh leaf extract. AIM: The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Pugun Tanoh leaves ethanol extract as an anti-inflammatory in patients after tooth extraction at Dental and Mouth Hospital of Dentistry Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara. METHODS: There were two research groups, namely the treatment group, which was given the extract plus amoxicillin 500 mg and mefenamic acid 500 mg as well as the control group who were only given amoxicillin 500 mg and mefenamic acid 500 mg without the extract. However, the instructions given to the patient are only required to take 500 mg of amoxicillin as an antibiotic, but for the 500 mg mefenamic acid drug, it is only instructed to drink it if there is pain that is felt by the patient. After the extracted teeth, the treatment group was given C. fel-terrae leaves ethanol extract 1.1 mg/kg on the tooth extraction socket using a 3 ml syringe then measurements were made on day 1 and day 2 after the extract was given using a visual analog scale (VAS) and through direct observation. Statistical analysis using the t-test independent and Chi-square test (significant p < 0.05). RESULTS: The treatment group did not have signs of inflammation both on the 1st and 2nd days after tooth extraction, while the control group had signs of inflammation both on the 1st day and the 2nd day after tooth extraction. In the treatment group, there were no patients who took the mefenamic acid drug while in the control group, it was found that all patients took mefenamic acid because they felt post-extraction pain. Statistical result are obtained with p = 0.00 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: C. fel-terrae leaves ethanol extract is effective to be used as an anti-inflammatory in patients after tooth extraction combined with amoxicillin 500 mg and mefenamic acid 500 mg.

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N-Acetyl Cysteine Ameliorates Hepatotoxicity Associated with the Use of Methotrexate in Mice

10.53350/pjmhs211551008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 1008-1010

Author(s):

Aamna Khokhar ◽

Iram Kehkashan Khurshid ◽

Sadia Lodhi ◽

Alia Sarfaraz ◽

Muhammad Arif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Histopathological Examination ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Protective Role ◽

Ethical Review ◽

Trial Methodology ◽

Chi Square ◽

Medical College ◽

Respective Treatment ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Post Hoc

Background: Liver is not only involved in maintaining homeostasis but also exhibits significant role in metabolism and detoxification of various drugs and toxins. Aim: To explore the hepato-protective role of N-acetylcysteine against methotrexate induced hepato-toxicity. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Methodology: This study having mice (n=18) was carried out after ethical review committee’s (ERC) approval at Foundation university medical college in collaboration of National institute of health, Islamabad in 2017. Single intraperitoneal injection (20mg/kg) of methotrexate induced hepato-toxicity. Hepatoprotective effect was assessed by oral administration N-acetylcysteine (50mg/kg) alone with methotrexate. The extent of liver damage and effect of protective agents were determined by measuring serum ALT, AST, ALP after 24 hours of respective treatment. Liver samples were taken for histological analysis. One way ANOVA followed by Post Hoc Tukey test was applied for multiple comparisons of biochemical markers between the groups. Histopathological findings were analyzed by Chi Square test. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Significant (p < 0.05) hepatotoxicity was seen with substantial elevation in serum ALT, AST and ALP with methotrexate. N-acetylcysteine attenuated the methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity significantly (p < 0.05). The histopathological examination showed mild steatosis along with focal pleomorphism in the liver of mice that received methotrexate in comparison to group treated with N-acetylcysteine and methotrexate though minimal inflammation was seen. Conclusion: We concluded that N-acetylcysteine ameliorates the methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity on when used concomitantly. Keywords: Hepatotoxicity, N-acetylcysteine and Methotrexate

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Short-term acenocumarine (A) or dalteparine (D) for the prevention of central venous catheter-related thrombosis (CVCrT) in cancer patients. A randomized controlled study based on serial venographies

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.8549 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽

pp. 8549-8549 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. De Cicco ◽

M. Matovic ◽

R. Pacenzia ◽

D. Fantin ◽

M. Caserta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Venous Catheter ◽

Median Number ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Thrombosis Prophylaxis ◽

Short Term ◽

Chi Square ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Chi Square Test

8549 Background: Timing and frequency of non occlusive (nO) or occlusive (O) CVCrT in cancer patients (pts) remain unclear. In this randomized controlled trial we studied these points and evaluated the efficacy and safety of short-term prophylaxis with A or D in the prevention of CVCrT. Methods: Consecutive cancer pts without contraindications to short-term anticoagulation, scheduled for chemotherapy via CVC, were randomly assigned to receive: A 1 mg/day for 3 days before and 8 days after CVC insertion; D 5,000 IU 2 hours before and daily for 8 days after CVC insertion; no anticoagulant treatment (NT). All pts underwent venography (V) at day 8 and 30 after CVC insertion and then every two months until CVC removal . The primary endpoint was V detected CVCrT, evaluated as nO or O when it was partially or completely occlusive of the vein lumen, respectively. Bleeding episodes were recorded. Proportions were compared using chi-square test together with odds ratio (OR). Results: 450 pts were randomized, 348 of whom (120/150 A, 114/150 D, and 114/150 NT) underwent V (median number of procedures 4, range 2–8). Both A and D reduced the frequency of V detected CVCrT (21.9% A vs 55.3% NT, OR= 4.35 (95% CI 2.43–7.69), p<0.001; 40% D vs 55.3% NT, OR= 1.85 (95% CI 1.10–3.13), p=0.02). A was more effective than D (OR= 2.37 (CI 1.34–4.22), p= 0.003). The frequency of O CVCrT was not different in the 3 groups (0.9% A, 5.0% D, 4.4% NT; p= 0.18). Overall, 5.1% of pts with CVCrT were symptomatic, all presenting O CVCrT (42% of pts with O CVCrT were not symptomatic). Most CVCrTs (95.6%) were observed at day 8 after CVC insertion. No major bleeding or pulmonary embolism occurred. Conclusions: In this study, acenocumarine was more effective than dalteparine in reducing V detected CVCrT. The doses of prophylactic agents used in this study proved to be safe. Symptomatic CVCrT evaluation alone underestimates the actual CVCrT frequency. The first days following CVC insertion are at highest risk for CVCrT. Short term thrombosis prophylaxis appears to be superior to no treatment without the expenses and inconveniences inherent in long-term prophylaxis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride in arresting caries in Lagos, Nigeria

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v21i00.8666341 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. e226341

Author(s):

Moses Okechukwu Azouru ◽

Modupe Olufunmilayo Ashiwaju ◽

Augustine Edomwonyi ◽

Afolabi Oyapero ◽

Bola Obisesan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Mean

Treatment of dental caries in children still remains challenging due to lack of cooperation with conventional treatment modalities. Recently, the use of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) has proved useful in addressing this challenge. Aim: This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) in arresting caries in children in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This was a phase III balanced randomized controlled school based interventional study on 240 children. The study group was treated with SDF while GIC was used in the control group. Follow up visits in 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months were carried out to assess the treatment outcome. Inferential statistics with the use of Pearson Chi-square test and Independent Student t-test were used at 5% level of significance. Results: There was significant relationship between SDF and caries arrest in 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months’ assessment period (p = 0.001). The control group showed continuous decline (71.7%, 54.3% and 50.9%) in restorative success from 2 weeks to 3 months respectively. The mean ± SD and Confidence Interval (CI) of arrested caries in the SDF group were 113± 1.24 and 113.1 – 113.5 respectively. In the control group the mean ± SD and CI of restorative success were 69.3±11.8 and 67.2 – 71.4. The effect size was 5.24. Conclusion: The result of the study showed that SDF was effective in arresting caries in children without any harm and there was statistically significant difference in the use of 38% SDF in arresting caries in children.

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Open VS Closed Techniques for Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgeries

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i54b33789 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 296-302

Author(s):

Obaid Ul Haseeb ◽

Haris Rashid ◽

Afrin Ahmed ◽

Mir Arsalan Ali ◽

Shakil Alam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

P Value ◽

Open Approach ◽

Chi Square ◽

Closed Technique ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Group A ◽

Classic Technique ◽

Group B ◽

Surgery Department

Background: Laparoscopic surgery or "minimally invasive" surgery is a type of specialist surgery. The most crucial, demanding, and risky part of the laparoscopy is the creation of pneumoperitoneum. The two most prevalent methods for creating a pneumoperitoneum are the closed and open approaches. Despite the fact that there is no universal consensus on the best approach to gain access to the peritoneal cavity in order to create a pneumoperitoneum. The aim of present study was to compare the operative time and post-operative outcome associated with closed technique and open classic technique. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was carried out by recruiting patients presented in surgery department of Ziauddin Hospital North campus. The samples were divided into two equal groups A and B. Group A was operated for Laparascopic abdominal surgery by open technique while group B operated through closed technique. Effectiveness of procedures was measured by number of complications occurred during and after surgery. Chi-square test and independent T-test were applied for association. P-value of < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Mean age was found to be 45.5±16 years and mean weight was 68±10.5 kilograms. Mean time of operations was 84.5±18.5 minutes. 60 (69.8%) of patients included underwent the laparoscopic cholecystectomy while 15 (17.4%) patients had laparoscopic appendectomy. 13/86: 15.1% of patients had the minor complication including 12/43: 27.9% in group B and 1/43: 2.3% in group A. The comparative analysis between the two groups in terms of effectiveness of either method compared by means of development of the complications was found to be highly significant with p value 0.002. Conclusion: The open approach to laparoscopic entrance has been linked to fewer surgical problems than the closed approach.

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Endogenous or Exogenous Origin of Vaginal Candidiasis in Polish Women?

Polish Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.33073/pjm-2013-042 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 311-317

Author(s):

MAGDALENA MNICHOWSKA-POLANOWSKA ◽

IWONA WOJCIECHOWSKA-KOSZKO ◽

BOGUMIA KLIMOWICZ ◽

LUDMIA SZYMANIAK ◽

BARBARA KRASNODĘBSKA-SZPONDER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Vaginal Candidiasis ◽

Time Interval ◽

Chi Square ◽

Tube Test ◽

Rapd Pcr ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Exogenous Origin ◽

Dynamic Exchange

Vaginal candidiasis is a common problem of clinical practice. Many studies have been conducted to explain its origin but only a few have included Polish women. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and similarity of oral, anal and vaginal Candida albicans strains isolated from Polish women with vaginal candidiasis. The study involved 20 from 37 recruited women. Swab samples were collected from their vagina, anus, and oral cavity at two-month intervals. All the women were treated with nystatin. Yeast were recovered and identified by the germ-tube test, API /Vitek system, typed by API ZYM and RAPD-PCR. Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. A total of 170 Candida albicans isolates were recovered from 180 samples collected 3 times from 3 sites of 20 women. Positive yeast vaginal cultures were found in all patients before administration of nystatin. Vaginal yeast recovery rate was decreased statistically significant in both follow-up visits (p= 0.001; p= 0.003). The same and different genotypes/biotypes were found concomitantly in a few body sites and/ or repeatedly at time interval from the same body site. The results support the concept of dynamic exchange of yeast within one woman and endogenous or exogenous origin of vaginal candidiasis.

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ASTHMA;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.11.674 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (11) ◽

pp. 1749-1754

Author(s):

Muhammad Abdullah ◽

Zaheer Ahmed ◽

Hassan Fareed

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Smoking History ◽

Chi Square ◽

Oral Corticosteroids ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

History Of ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Tract Infections

The aim on the study was to compare the efficancy of salmeterol and formoterolin persistent asthama. Study Design: Randomized-Controlled-Trial(RCT). Setting: Departmentof Medicine, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: June 2014 to December 2014. Methodology:Patients of both genders with ages between 18 and 70 years having persistent bronchial asthmawhile Pregnant or lactating mothers, patients with upper or lower respiratory tract infections,acute asthma exacerbations within 4 weeks of first visit, Oral corticosteroids within 4 weeks ordepot steroids within 12 weeks of first visit and Smoking history of more than 10 pack yearswere excluded from study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups (Group A & GroupB) using computer generated random number table. Salmeterol/Fluticasone combination wasgiven to group A with a dose of 50/250μg, 2 actuations with ABEL SPACER DEVICE twice aday for a period of 24 weeks. Formoterol/Budesonide combination was given to group B with adose of 400/6μg with Rotahaler twice a day. Follow up was done by patient’s outdoor visits at6th,12th,18h and 24th week. Results: 180 patients were enrolled in the study. 79 (44%) weremales and 101 (56%) were females. Mean age of study population was 45.25+13.382 years.Patients in Group B experienced lesser number of exacerbations than patients in Group B.Group B showed better response to treatment than Group A using chi square test. (P-Value0.001). Conclusion: It has been concluded that budesonide/Formoterol is more effective incontrolling asthma symptoms than fluticasone/Salmeterol.

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Comparison of Blood Loss in Manual and Spontaneous Removal of Placenta in Caesarean Section

Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College ◽

10.37939/jrmc/vol24.iss1.16 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 80-84

Author(s):

Sabeen Ashraf ◽

Azra Saeed Awan ◽

Hina Tabassum ◽

Omair Ashraf ◽

Touseef Fatima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Caesarean Section ◽

Blood Loss ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Research Committee ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Background: Efforts should be made to minimize the blood loss at the time of cesarean section. The techniques used to reduce the blood loss include finger splitting versus scissor cutting of incision, in situ stitching versus exteriorization and stitching of uterus and finally spontaneous or manual removal of the placenta. Objective: The main objective of this study is to correlate the frequency of loss of blood between the placenta removed manually and spontaneously during cesarean section. Methods: Randomized controlled trial in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi. The sample is collected through Consecutive (non- probability) sampling. The study was conducted after approval from the hospital ethical and research committee. Informed written consent was taken from all the patients. The patients were divided into two groups, group A and group B randomly by using random table numbers. Group A had spontaneous placental delivery. Group B had manual placental delivery. Each patient was examined thoroughly and detailed history was taken. Data Analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS 20 for windows. The frequency and percentage of blood loss were measured. A chi-square test was applied to correlate the blood loss between the two groups. p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Effect modifiers like age, gestational age, parity were controlled by stratification. Results: The blood loss was compared between both groups using the chi-square test not assuming null-hypothesis. The blood loss was comparatively high in-group in which the placenta was removed manually (p=0.007). Keywords: Caesarean Section, Placenta removal, Spontaneous, Manual, Blood loss.

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Reach, Uptake, and Satisfaction of Three Delivery Modes of FUEL Your Life

Health Promotion Practice ◽

10.1177/1524839919869921 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 152483991986992

Author(s):

Heather M. Padilla ◽

Heather Zuercher ◽

Melissa Robertson ◽

David M. DeJoy ◽

Mark Wilson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Diabetes Prevention Program ◽

Delivery Mode ◽

Chi Square ◽

Self Monitoring ◽

Study Condition ◽

Group Coaching ◽

Self Study ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Intervention Uptake

Background. FUEL Your Life (FYL) is a worksite translation of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). In a randomized controlled trial, participants in a phone coaching condition demonstrated greater weight loss compared to participants in a group coaching or self-study condition. The purpose of this article is to describe the differences in participant reach, intervention uptake, and participant satisfaction for each delivery mode. Method. Employees who were overweight, obese, or at high risk for diabetes were recruited from city–county governments. Process evaluation data were collected from health coach records, participant surveys, and research team records. Differences between groups were tested using Pearson chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance. Results. Employee reach of targeted enrollment was highest for the self-study condition. Overall, intervention uptake was highest in the phone coaching condition. Participants who received phone coaching had increased uptake of the participant manual and self-monitoring of food compared to participants who received group coaching or self-study. Discussion. FYL demonstrated that DPP could be effectively delivered in the worksite by three different modalities. When implemented in a self-study mode, reach is greater but intervention uptake is lower. Phone health coaching was associated with greater intervention exposure.

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Accuracy of Paper Point Technique for Final Working Length Measurement after Canal Preparation

10.53350/pjmhs2115103359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 3359-3362

Author(s):

Ambrin . ◽

Farah Tasleem ◽

Anum Saleem ◽

Doua Tasleem ◽

Talha Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Length Measurement ◽

Chi Square ◽

Paper Point ◽

Working Length ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Electronic Apex Locator

Objective: The aim this study was to check the accuracy of paper point technique for final working length measurement after canal preparation. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Place and Duration: Study was performed in department of operative dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro for one year duration from January 2017 to December 2017. Methodology: This study was performed on 78 patients divided equally into two groups. In one group working length was established by using electronic apex locator while in second group working length was established by using electronic apex locator with paper point technique. To check the working length master apical gutta percha point (GP point) was inserted into canal and radiograph were taken by paralleling angle technique. Results: There were 34 (43.6%) males while 44 (56.4%) patients were females. Mean age of patients was 30.5±8.9 years. Mean tooth number was 28.8±11.0. Group A is concerned that was treated only with Electronic Apex Locator showed lesser number of acceptable length than group B. on the other hand, group B was treated with electronic apex locator and paper point technique showed higher acceptable length of respondents with a difference of 4 frequencies or 7% in excess. A less value of chi-square test showed relationship between observed and expected data; whereas, significance value indicated no significant difference between group A and B. Conclusion: Paper point technique is as reliable as other techniques for final working length measurement. Key Words: Electronic Apex Locator, Paper Point Technique, Endodontic Working Length

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