scholarly journals Epidemiological Evidence of the Recent Surge in MS in Asia and Australia: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharareh Eskandarieh ◽  
Mohammad Ali Sahraian
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Systematic Literature Search ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
The World ◽  
Lower Incidence Rate

Context: Recently, the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) have increased drastically in different regions of the world, including Asia. The present study aimed to systematically review the recent MS epidemiology in Asia, New Zealand, and Australia. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in Medline and Embase databases to retrieve the available studies regarding MS epidemiology in Asia, New Zealand, and Australia. Results: Most of the studies were performed in hospital settings. The female-to-male ratio in the sample populations varied from 1.5:1 in Turkey to 5:1 in Malaysia. The total mean age at the onset of MS varied from the minimum of 28 years in Hong Kong to the maximum of 36 years in the United Arab Emirates. Among 16 pertinent studies in this regard, seven addressed the incidence rate of MS, and 13 addressed the prevalence of the disease. The highest prevalence rate was reported to be respectively 124.2 and 148.06 in Australia and Iran versus 2.73 in Malaysia (06 per 100,000 population), while a higher incidence rate was estimated at 6.88 and 6.7 per 100,000 population in Kuwait and Australia, respectively compared to the lower incidence rate per 100,000 population in China (0.2 in females, 0.12 in males). Conclusions: According to the results, the prevalence of MS has increased in Asia, while the prevalence of MS in this continent is lower compared to the rates reported in Australia, Europe, and North America.

Associations of coronary and peripheral artery disease with presence, expansion, and rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm – a grin without a cat!

VASA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisato Takagi ◽  
Takuya Umemoto
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Systematic Literature Search ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract. Both coronary and peripheral artery disease are representative atherosclerotic diseases, which are also known to be positively associated with presence of abdominal aortic aneurysm. It is still controversial, however, whether coronary and peripheral artery disease are positively associated with expansion and rupture as well as presence of abdominal aortic aneurysm. In the present article, we overviewed epidemiological evidence, i. e. meta-analyses, regarding the associations of coronary and peripheral artery disease with presence, expansion, and rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm through a systematic literature search. Our exhaustive search identified seven meta-analyses, which suggest that both coronary and peripheral artery disease are positively associated with presence of abdominal aortic aneurysm, may be negatively associated with expansion of abdominal aortic aneurysm, and might be unassociated with rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Evidence for Lineage-Specific Differences in the Risk of Inapparent Chikungunya Virus Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausto Bustos Carrillo ◽  
Damaris Collado ◽  
Nery Sanchez ◽  
Sergio Ojeda ◽  
Brenda Lopez Mercado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Systematic Literature Search ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Chikv Infection ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections

ABSTRACTIn late 2013, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was introduced into the Americas, leading to widespread epidemics. A large epidemic caused by the Asian chikungunya virus (CHIKV) lineage occurred in Managua, Nicaragua, in 2015. Literature reviews commonly state that the proportion of inapparent CHIKV infections ranges from 3 to 28%. This study estimates the ratio of symptomatic to asymptomatic CHIKV infections and identifies risk factors of infection. In October to November 2015, 60 symptomatic CHIKV-infected children were enrolled as index cases and prospectively monitored, alongside 236 household contacts, in an index cluster study. Samples were collected upon enrollment and on day 14 or 35 and tested by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR), IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (IgM-ELISAs), and inhibition ELISAs to detect pre- and postenrollment CHIKV infections. Of 236 household contacts, 55 (23%) had experienced previous or very recent infections, 41 (17%) had active infections at enrollment, and 21 (9%) experienced incident infections. Vehicle ownership (multivariable-adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.58) increased the risk of CHIKV infection, whereas ≥4 municipal trash collections/week (aRR, 0.38) and having externally piped water (aRR, 0.52) protected against CHIKV infection. Among 63 active and incident infections, 31 (49% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 36%, 62%]) were asymptomatic, yielding a ratio of symptomatic to asymptomatic infections of 1:0.97 (95% CI, 1:0.56, 1:1.60). Although our estimate is outside the 3% to 28% range reported previously, Bayesian and simulation analyses, informed by a systematic literature search, suggested that the proportion of inapparent CHIKV infections is lineage dependent and that more inapparent infections are associated with the Asian lineage than the East/Central/South African (ECSA) lineage. Overall, these data substantially improve knowledge regarding chikungunya epidemics.IMPORTANCEChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an understudied threat to human health. During the 2015 chikungunya epidemic in Managua, Nicaragua, we estimated the ratio of symptomatic to asymptomatic CHIKV infections, which is important for understanding transmission dynamics and the public health impact of CHIKV. This index cluster study identified and monitored persons at risk of infection, enabling capture of asymptomatic infections. We estimated that 31 (49%) of 63 at-risk participants had asymptomatic CHIKV infections, which is significantly outside the 3% to 28% range reported in literature reviews. However, recent seroprevalence studies, including two large pediatric cohort studies in the same setting, had also found percentages of inapparent infections outside the 3% to 28% range. Bayesian and simulation analyses, informed by a systematic literature search, revealed that the percentage of inapparent infections in epidemic settings varies by CHIKV phylogenetic lineage. Our study quantifies and provides the first epidemiological evidence that chikungunya epidemic characteristics are strongly influenced by CHIKV lineage.

scholarly journals Green Energy as a Driver for Green Economy and Organizations’ Sustainability

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Maria José Sousa ◽  
Jorge Miguel Martins ◽  
Miguel Sousa ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Systematic Literature Search ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
The World ◽  
Innovation Model

Since the last decade, the concepts of green innovation and green economy have become more and more attractive to researchers and policymakers. This research brings some light to the association of those themes with the concept of green energy. Therefore, this paper is a critical review of the green innovations directed explicitly to the green energy challenges faced by organizations and the world economies. The research question is as follows: What are the main dimensions of a model to implement a green innovation process focused on green energy in organizations? The methodology used to answer the research question was qualitative, and the main techniques included a systematic literature search and survey. The main findings of the study were the identification of the most relevant dimensions of a green innovation model to be implemented in organizations. The article structure is based on the different concepts about innovation and green innovation, related to the green economy, and the analysis of two situational cases on green energy. Finally, we present the analysis made on the articles identified by the literature survey and the green innovation model. By making this research on green economy and related concepts of green innovation and green energy, this paper seeks to make a valid contribution to their definitions and for operationalizing the green innovation model in organizations.

scholarly journals A healthy, innovative, sustainable, transparent, and competitive methodology to identify twenty benchmark countries that saved people lives against Covid-19 during 180 days

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 541-577
Author(s):  
Jonas Gomes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Innovation ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Fast Transmission

Since the “last day” of 2019, a new virus emerged in Asia, which in Feb./2020 was called by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2020) as Coronavirus disease (Covid-19). Due to its fast transmission, after eight months since the first global official case, at 23:59 (GMT) on August 31, 2020, the world has accounted for about 25,620,737 new confirmed cases with 854,222 deaths and 17,921,063 recovered cases (WORLDOMETERS, 2020). The pandemic is the newest challenge for all nations, most of them eager to learn from countries that are successful against the virus. However, until now, no methodology was developed to identify them by taking into account a holistic approach with international rankings concerned to health, innovation, sustainability, image, and competitiveness, as well as the estimated real number of fatal cases by one million population during the first 180 days of facing the pandemic. Thus, the main objective is to develop a holistic methodology to identify twenty benchmark countries that are saving people's lives against Covid-19. The research is applied, as its results and recommendations are useful for academy, government policymakers and authorities. It is descriptive, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, based on bibliographic and documentary research, involving the study of official sites, articles, reports, manuals, and other technical documents related to 13 international rankings. As a result, the fifteen phases of the methodology, far from perfect, shows that among 108 well-evaluated countries, the top six benchmark countries are from Asia (1) Vietnam; 2) Taiwan; 3) Thailand; 4) China; 5) Malaysia; 6) Singapore), which suffered from fatal cases from first SARS-CoV in 2002/2003, followed by 7) South Korea; 8) New Zealand; 9) Australia; 10) Japan; 11) Hong Kong; 12) Cyprus; 13) Greece; 14) Latvia; 15) Iceland; 16) the United Arab Emirates; 17) Czech; 18) Lithuania; 19) Norway, and 20) Estonia.

Multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 295-302
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Gulowsen Celius
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The World ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Over Time

This chapter describes the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and shows the uneven distribution across the world. Despite differences in diagnostic criteria over time and considerable variation in methodology the prevalence is higher in northern Europe, the northern part of North America, Australia, and New Zealand compared to the rest of the world. There is an unexplained increase in both incidence and prevalence across the world. The increased life expectancy correlates with the general increase in life expectancy and is so far neither explained by better diagnostics nor new treatments. Epidemiological studies are essential for our understanding of disease susceptibility and progression, and essential for planning of healthcare. Future studies should be large, methodologically sound, and comparable to enable comparisons across countries and regions.

Gender and laterality in semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 (8) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Karimnejad ◽  
M S Czerny ◽  
S Lookabaugh ◽  
D J Lee ◽  
A A Mikulec
Keyword(s):  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Search ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
Age Of Diagnosis ◽  
Canal Dehiscence

AbstractObjective:To determine if there is gender or laterality predilection in patients with semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome.Methods:A multi-institutional chart review was performed to identify patients diagnosed with semicircular canal dehiscence between 2000 and 2015. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed to further identify patients with semicircular canal dehiscence. Age, gender and laterality data were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate for gender or laterality preponderance.Results:A total of 682 patients with semicircular canal dehiscence were identified by literature and chart review. Mean age of diagnosis was 49.75 years (standard deviation = 15.33). Semicircular canal dehiscence was associated with a statistically significant female predominance (chi-square = 7.185, p = 0.007); the female-to-male ratio was 1.2 to 1. Left-sided semicircular canal dehiscence was most common, followed by right-sided then bilateral (chi-square = 23.457, p < 0.001).Conclusion:Semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome is most commonly left-sided and exhibits a female predominance. This may be secondary to morphological cerebral hemisphere asymmetries in both sexes and a predilection of women to seek more medical care than men.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and clinical features of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: A population-based study in Isfahan, Iran, between 1997-2020

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Etemadifar ◽  
Amir Parsa Abhari ◽  
Ghasem Yadegarfar ◽  
Mehri Salari ◽  
Mohammadreza Ghazavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Isfahan Province ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Pediatric Onset

Background: Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), affecting individuals younger than 18 years of age. We sought to characterize the epidemiological and clinical features of patients with POMS in Isfahan, Iran, from April 1997 to March 2020. Methods: The medical records of patients with POMS in the databases of Isfahan Department of Public Health and Isfahan Multiple Sclerosis Society (IMSS) were retrospectively reviewed. The 2006 and 2016 Isfahan Province population censuses were used as reference values for assessing the temporal trend of POMS. Results: From April 1997 to March 2020, 509 individuals under18 years of age were diagnosed with POMS in Isfahan. 404 of these patients (79.4%) were girls, and 105 patients (20.6%) were boys (a female to male ratio of 3.85:1). Most of the patients (83%) were monosymptomatic at onset, with optic neuritis and brainstem-cerebellar disorders being the most frequent initial presentations. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) of age at disease diagnosis was 15.8 ± 2.5 years (ranging from 3 to 18, mode = 18).From April 2019 to March 2020, the crude prevalence and the crude incidence rate of the POMS were  5.42 per 100000 and 1.86 per 100000, respectively. Poisson regression analysis revealed a 3.4% increase in the incidence rate of POMS from April 1997 to March 2020 [relative rate:1.034, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.021-1.048]. Conclusion: The female to male ratio in our cohort was significantly higher than any other studies conducted previously. The high female to male ratio and increasing incidence of the disease suggest increasing regionalization of care.

scholarly journals Management of infected diabetic wound: a scoping review of guidelines

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 737
Author(s):  
Huidi Tchero ◽  
Pauline Kangambega ◽  
Sergiu Fluieraru ◽  
Farid Bekara ◽  
Luc Teot
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Systematic Literature Search ◽  
Bone Infections ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections ◽  
The World ◽  
Infected Wounds ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations

Background: Various international guidelines and recommendations are available for management of diabetic foot infections. We present a review of the guidelines and recommendations for management of these infections. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted through MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, LILACS, DARE, and national health bodies. Based on the review of fifteen documents, we present details on the importance of suspecting and diagnosing skin, superficial infections, and bone infections in diabetics. Results: The guidelines recommend classifying the infections based on severity to guide the treatment. While antibiotics have shown the best results, other treatments like hyperbaric oxygen therapy and negative wound pressure have been debated. It is suggested that a team of specialists should be in-charge of managing the infected wounds. Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) 2012 guidelines are widely followed world-over. All guidelines and reviews have consistent suggestions on the assessment of the severity of infection, diagnosis, start, selection, and duration of antibiotic therapy. Conclusions: It is reasonable to conclude that the IDSA 2012 guidelines are commonly followed across the world. There is a consensus among the Australian guidelines, Canadian guidelines, IDSA 2012, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 2015, and International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) 2016 guidelines on the management of infected wounds for patients with diabetes mellitus.

Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis in Austria

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Salhofer-Polanyi ◽  
Hakan Cetin ◽  
Fritz Leutmezer ◽  
Anna Baumgartner ◽  
Stephan Blechinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Immunomodulatory Treatment ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Hospital Discharge Diagnosis ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Background: To assess the incidence rate and prevalence ratio of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Austria. Methods: Hospital discharge diagnosis and MS-specific immunomodulatory treatment prescriptions from public health insurances, covering 98% of Austrian citizens with health insurance were used to extrapolate incidence and prevalence numbers based on the capture-recapture method. Results: A total of 1,392,629 medication prescriptions and 40,956 hospitalizations were extracted from 2 data sources, leading to a total of 13,205 patients. The incidence rate and prevalence ratio of MS in Austria based on the capture-recapture method were 19.5/100,000 person-years (95% CI 14.3-24.7) and 158.9/100,000 (95% CI 141.2-175.9), respectively. Female to male ratio was 1.6 for incidence and 2.2 for prevalence. Conclusions: Incidence rates and prevalence ratios of MS in our study are within the upper range of comparable studies across many European countries as well as the United States.

scholarly journals The 15-Months Clinical Experience of SARS-CoV-2: A Literature Review of Therapies and Adjuvants

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 881
Author(s):  
Alessio Danilo Inchingolo ◽  
Gianna Dipalma ◽  
Angelo Michele Inchingolo ◽  
Giuseppina Malcangi ◽  
Luigi Santacroce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Systematic Literature Search ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Early Diagnostic

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) that emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread worldwide, with a daily increase in confirmed cases and infection-related deaths. The World Health Organization declared a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020. COVID-19 presents flu-like symptoms that become severe in high-risk medically compromised subjects. The aim of this study was to perform an updated overview of the treatments and adjuvant protocols for COVID-19. Methods: A systematic literature search of databases was performed (MEDLINE PubMed, Google Scholar, UpToDate, Embase, and Web of Science) using the keywords: “COVID-19”, “2019-nCoV”, “coronavirus” and “SARS-CoV-2” (date range: 1 January 2019 to 31st October 2020), focused on clinical features and treatments. Results: The main treatments retrieved were antivirals, antimalarials, convalescent plasma, immunomodulators, corticosteroids, anticoagulants, and mesenchymal stem cells. Most of the described treatments may provide benefits to COVID-19 subjects, but no one protocol has definitively proven its efficacy. Conclusions: While many efforts are being spent worldwide in research aimed at identifying early diagnostic methods and evidence-based effective treatments, mass vaccination is thought to be the best option against this disease in the near future.

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