Limits to Growth in Elite Sport - Some Ethical Considerations

1998 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Gunnar Breivik
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Elite Sport ◽  
Limits To Growth ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Extreme Stress ◽  
Common Ethic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Science And Research

The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the ethical implications and problems in elite sport as it gets closer to the human performance limit. Modern elite sport must be viewed on the background of the idea of systematic progress. The Olympic motto, 'citius, altius, fortius'- faster, higher, stronger-gives a precise concentration of this idea. Modern sport is also influenced by the liberal idea of a free market where actors can perform, compete and be rewarded according to performance. However, one may ask why and how athletes are willing to risk their health and even their life on the free market of sport when they do the extreme: push limits, break records, set new standards, develop new events. This paper discusses what may be the result as sport moves toward the limits of human performance. The ethical focus on the development of the elite sport should not be restricted to the individual athlete, but should also include the various systems that make up elite sport. Other actors, like coaches, leaders, sponsors, medical personnel, service people, etc., are taking part in the same development. One problem in the modern context is that society is divided into different moral sectors. What is accepted in entertainment or art may not be accepted in sport. It is suggested that we should develop a common ethic for all performance-centered activities like music, painting, science and research, acrobatics and stunts, acting, top politics and business. Or one could include all situations and events where people are put under extreme stress and have to perform well, like during expeditions, in idealistic humanitarian work, during hazards, and catastrophes. At the same time, one should not develop a sort of elite ethic. We need a new ethic that defines the ethical tolerance level in elite sport and that also points to some of the possibilities for development of both character and virtues under extreme pressure.

Improvement of the personnel adaptation system in a medical organization

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vladimirovna Kropotova
Keyword(s):  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Medical Organization ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Quality Adaptation ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of the study is to improve the adaptation system for personnel in a multidisciplinary hospital. Results: the problems of organizing the adaptation process were identified, the methods of analysis and assessment of the management of the adaptation process in a medical organization were adapted, the effectiveness of the existing system of adaptation of medical workers in the organization was assessed. Conclusion: the study proved the need for a more complete and high-quality adaptation process; the process is not static, a creative approach is needed, taking into account the characteristics of the organization (team) and the individual abilities of a specialist; to improve the organization, for the effective adaptation of medical personnel, it is necessary to develop the institution of mentoring.

scholarly journals Paradigm shift: cognitive surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes G. Kenngott ◽  
Martin Apitz ◽  
Martin Wagner ◽  
Anas A. Preukschas ◽  
Stefanie Speidel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent System ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
Intelligent Devices ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Entire Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Surgery

AbstractIn the last hundred years surgery has experienced a dramatic increase of scientific knowledge and innovation. The need to consider best available evidence and to apply technical innovations, such as minimally invasive approaches, challenges the surgeon both intellectually and manually. In order to overcome this challenge, computer scientists and surgeons within the interdisciplinary field of “cognitive surgery” explore and innovate new ways of data processing and management. This article gives a general overview of the topic and outlines selected pre-, intra- and postoperative applications. It explores the possibilities of new intelligent devices and software across the entire treatment process of patients ending in the consideration of an “Intelligent Hospital” or “Hospital 4.0”, in which the borders between IT infrastructures, medical devices, medical personnel and patients are bridged by technology. Thereby, the “Hospital 4.0” is an intelligent system, which gives the right information, at the right time, at the right place to the individual stakeholder and thereby helps to decrease complications and improve clinical processes as well as patient outcome.

scholarly journals The road to sustainable creativity: mobile autonomy beyond auto-mobility

2015 ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
Pascal Gielen
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
The Road ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Market Solutions

AbstractHow can artists stay autonomous, and keep their creativity alive in the contemporary society? In this paper is stated that the individual bourgeois model of the artist is not sufficient any more to make autonomous art and to stay creative on the long run. If artists want to stay mobile and autonomous they need to build collective organizational structures, which are called 'traveling caravan'. In the parallel historical shifts between 1970 and 2000 from liberalism to neo-liberalism, from Fordism to post-Fordism and from modern to contemporary art, artists need to build up their own artistic biotope if they need to make their work without governmental interference (subsidizes) and free market solutions. The cooperative can be seen as an interesting model to develop such a 'mobile autonomy'.

Psychological Sequelae of Covid 19 Calamity on Medical Personnel in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1225-1226
Author(s):  
T. Iqbal ◽  
F. Naseem ◽  
A. A. Baig ◽  
F. Liaquat
Keyword(s):  
Stress Level ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Sequelae ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extreme Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Aim: To gauge the physiological sequelae of covid-19 pandemic on medical personnel in Pakistan. Place & duration: An online cross sectional study was conducted from May, 2020 to August, 2020 in Lahore. Methodology: 17 score PTSD check list civilian version was used to assess the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in medical personnel. Results: Mean post-traumatic stress score (PTSS) was 39±15 with a range of 18-89. 66% (n=240) of the participants experienced moderate to extreme stress level. Chi Square test was used to determine an association between higher stress level and age, gender and staff category. Higher stress scores were associated with females (p<0.01). Conclusion: Rewarding the health personnel with gratitude, acknowledgement, financial compensations and provision of personal protective equipments (PPEs) can halt the psychological sequelae and is a promise to win this battle. Keywords: SARS coV2, Covid 19, PTSD, Health personnel

Getting Ahead

Teen Spirit ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Paul Howe
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Adolescent Society ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter assesses how the pervasive influence of the adolescent character provides insight into the workings of another sector of modern life relevant to us all: the economy. Less of a collective undertaking than politics, economic activity is guided primarily by individual decisions and actions in the free market system; so many of the relevant effects are seen first and foremost at the individual level. But these individual effects can multiply and cascade to generate patterns that do have important consequences for the general economic and social fabric. Emotions, misperceptions, intangible costs and benefits, influenced in many instances by underlying character traits, lead people to act in ways that the traditional models do not anticipate. As in other fields, it is only recently that some researchers have started to link personality to economic behavior in interesting and enlightening ways to dig deeper into what makes people tick when it comes to economic decision making and activity. When we combine some of these findings with ideas about the changing contours of character in the adolescent society, we can develop new understandings of some of the more salient economic trends of the past number of years.

Should We Freeze Our Bodies for Future Resuscitation?

2021 ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
Francesca Minerva
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Human Mortality ◽  
Future Technology ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Major Objection

This chapter examines the ethical implications of cryopreservation. Cryopreservation is usually performed soon after the heart has stopped beating, and after the individual has been pronounced legally dead. A few hundred people in the world had been “cryopreserved” — that is, fully immerged in liquid nitrogen at -196 C — in the hope that science will eventually discover a therapy for the disease that has killed them, and that future technology will succeed in bringing them back to life. Understandably, the root of many objections to cryonics seem to be its perceived weirdness. Another major objection to cryonics is that it is a waste of money, or a scam, i.e. a way to make money by promising dying people something that cannot possibly be achieved. The chapter then considers the concepts of human mortality and immortality.

Language and the subconscious

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan M Cyna ◽  
Suyin GM Tan
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Logical Thinking ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Extreme Stress ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind

Many of the communications commonly encountered in anaesthetic practice elicit subconscious responses, and, because this is so, they frequently go unrecognized. This form of communication involves verbal and non-verbal cues also known as suggestions that can elicit automatic changes in perception or behaviour. Much of this chapter is based on language structures that are thought to make subconscious changes in perception, mood or behaviour more likely, both with patients and anaesthetists themselves. Recognizing subconscious responses will facilitate communication. As is discussed later, anaesthetists can communicate with patients and colleagues in ways that utilize subconscious functioning. To all intents and purposes this looks like intuitive communication, when in reality it has structure and therefore can be learned and taught. The conscious and unconscious states are familiar to all anaesthetists. However, it is frequently unappreciated that all patients, whether in an unconscious or conscious state, will also be functioning subconsciously. In the unconscious patient it is well recognized that subconscious activities still occur—for example, in implicit awareness. Most people would appreciate that there are times during consciousness when they switch off the ‘logical brain’ and enter ‘daydream’-type thinking or they ‘tune out’. People including anaesthetists tend to function subconsciously most of the time—for example, during routine activities such as driving home on ‘autopilot’ and arriving home without realizing it consciously. The ability we all have to function automatically—that is, subconsciously—frees up the conscious part of the mind to focus on other things such as planning tomorrow’s ‘neuro’ case. The teleological basis for this ability lies in being able to filter the massive amount of information continuously presented to the individual. This allows the conscious mind to focus on what it perceives to be important—facilitating learning, logical thinking and problem solving. During activities where logical thinking is not a requirement, the subconscious comes to the fore. This is characterized by dissociation from the external environment—being ‘in your own world’. Paradoxically, at times of extreme stress, the subconscious tends to take over when the conscious part of the mind becomes so overwhelmed by external inputs it ceases to function logically.

scholarly journals Strategiese bemarkingsbestuur by enkele leweransiers aan die landbou in die Republiek van Suid-Afrika

1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
J. J. Van Zyl
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Marketing Management ◽  
Strategic Marketing ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual

Strategic marketing management of some suppliers to the Agricultural sector in the Republic of South Africa The Republic of South Africa is at present in a state of change within the economical, political, social, institutional, physical and international environments. Change in these fields is still in an early phase and rapid changes can be expected in future. From a management point of view, these changes are a fact and must be considered and taken into account in the decision-making process. Modern enterprise in the free-market system functions within the framework of the changing environment and the ability to grow and develop are dependent on the ability of the individual firm to adapt to these changes. The aim of the research was to determine how marketing management of some suppliers of capital equipment to the agricultural sector apply strategic marketing principles and practices, to enable their firms to adapt to constant external changes. Apart from a theoretical background some empirical research was undertaken to determine the composition of the management and marketing strategies. The emphasis is, however, on the formulation of the marketing strategy and the implementation of the marketing strategy.

The ideational clinch of the Roman Catholic Church and the EU

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-197
Author(s):  
Petr Kratochvíl ◽  
Tomáš Doležal
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Eu

The article explores the so far largely ignored question of the political relations between the European Union and the Roman Catholic Church. It analyzes the deeper mutual ideational influences of the two entities, asking whether there has been a convergence of views about several basic political notions between the Church and the EU. The analysis centres on the Church’s approach to four fundamental notions related to the EU – (1) secularism, (2) the individual(ism), (3) free market, and (4) the state, stressing in particular the discursive strategies the Church employs to defend its own position. The conclusion focuses on the relation between the RCC’s “theopolitical” imagination and the EU’s political form and argues that the surprisingly strong support of the Church for the integration process is not only a result of the aggiornamento, but a peculiar example of the Church’s ongoing Europeanization. Methodologically, the paper builds on a discourse analysis of almost 160 documents released by the three key Church bodies which often comment on the EU: the Commission of the Bishops’ Conferences of the European Community, the Council of European Bishops’ Conferences, and the Curia.

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