scholarly journals Updates on Lobular Neoplasms, Papillary, Adenomyoepithelial, and Fibroepithelial Lesions of the Breast

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxian Li ◽  
Christopher Febres-Aldana ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Xinmin Zhang ◽  
Imran Uraizee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Management ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Screening Mammography ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Breast Pathology ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Papillary Lesions ◽  
Personal Research

Context.— This review article is a result of the breast pathology lectures given at the Sixth Chinese American Pathologists Association annual diagnostic pathology course in October 2020 (held virtually due to the coronavirus disease 2019). Objective.— To update recent developments, in this review article, the authors wrote minireviews in the following 4 areas: lobular neoplasm, adenomyoepithelial lesions, papillary lesions, and fibroepithelial lesions. Data Sources.— The sources include extensive literature review, personal research, and experience. Conclusions.— With the wide practice of screening mammography, these lesions are not uncommon in image-guided core biopsies and excisional specimens. Many recent developments have emerged in understanding these lesions. We aim to provide readers with concise updates for each of these lesions with a focus on recent updates in definitions, diagnostic criteria, management, and molecular profiles that are most relevant to the daily practice of pathology and patient management.

scholarly journals Practical Considerations in Breast Papillary Lesions: A Review of the Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
pp. 770-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Agoumi ◽  
Joshua Giambattista ◽  
Malcolm M. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Patient Management ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Breast Pathology ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Papillary Lesions ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Concise Description

Context.—Diagnosis of papillary breast lesions, especially in core biopsies, is challenging for most pathologists, and these lesions pose problems for patient management. Distinction between benign, premalignant, and malignant components of papillary lesions is challenging, and the diagnosis of invasion is problematic in lesions that have circumscribed margins. Obtaining a balance between overtreatment and undertreatment of these lesions is also challenging. Objectives.—To provide a classification and a description of the histologic and immunohistochemical features and the differential diagnosis of papillary breast lesions, to provide an update on the molecular pathology of papillary breast lesions, and to discuss the recommendations for further investigation and management of papillary breast lesions. This review provides a concise description of the histologic and immunohistochemical features of the different papillary lesions of the breast. Data Sources.—The standard pathology text books on breast pathology and literature on papillary breast lesions were reviewed with the assistance of the PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed). Conclusions.—Knowledge of the clinical presentation, histology, immunoprofile, and behavior of papillary breast lesions will assist pathologists with the diagnosis and optimal management of patients with papillary breast lesions.

Recent Developments in the Downstream Processing of Phycobiliproteins from Algae: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayekpam Chandralekha Devi ◽  
G. K. Hamsavi ◽  
Simran Sahota ◽  
Rochak Mittal ◽  
Hrishikesh A. Tavanandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cell Wall Disruption ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Macro Algae

Abstract: Algae (both micro and macro) have gained huge attention in the recent past for their high commercial value products. They are the source of various biomolecules of commercial applications ranging from nutraceuticals to fuels. Phycobiliproteins are one such high value low volume compounds which are mainly obtained from micro and macro algae. In order to tap the bioresource, a significant amount of work has been carried out for large scale production of algal biomass. However, work on downstream processing aspects of phycobiliproteins (PBPs) from algae is scarce, especially in case of macroalgae. There are several difficulties in cell wall disruption of both micro and macro algae because of their cell wall structure and compositions. At the same time, there are several challenges in the purification of phycobiliproteins. The current review article focuses on the recent developments in downstream processing of phycobiliproteins (mainly phycocyanins and phycoerythrins) from micro and macroalgae. The current status, the recent advancements and potential technologies (that are under development) are summarised in this review article besides providing future directions for the present research area.

Recent developments and opportunities in fighting COVID-19

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Rao ◽  
Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Therapeutic Molecules ◽  
Discharged Patients ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Repurposed Drugs ◽  
Health Organization

Background: COVID-19, a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) was first diagnosed in the patients from Wuhan, China in December 2019. Within couple of months of infection, it was declared as pandemic by World health organization. COVID-19 has become the most contagious infection with a serious threat to global health. In this review, we aimed to discuss the pathogenesis, diagnostics, current treatments and potential vaccines for COVID-19. Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted using keywords “COVID-19”; “Coronavirus”; “SARS-Cov-2”; “SARS” in public domains of Google, Google scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Selected articles were used to construct this review. Results: SARS-Cov-2 uses the Spike (S) protein on its surface to recognize the receptor on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and bind with 10-folds greater affinity than SARS-Cov-1. Molecular assays and immunoassays are the most frequently used tests whereas computed tomography (CT) scans, Artificial intelligence enabled diagnostic tools were also used in patients. In therapeutic treatment, few drugs were repurposed and there are 23 therapeutic molecules including the repurposed drugs are in different stages of clinical trial. Similarly, development of vaccines is also in the pipeline. Few countries have managed well to contain the spread by rapid testing and identifying the clusters. Conclusion: Till now, the acute complications and mortality of COVID-19 has been linked to the pre-existing comorbid conditions or age. Besides the development of therapeutic strategies that includes drugs and vaccine, the long term implication of COVID-19 infection in terms of the disorder/disability in the cured/discharged patients is a new area to investigate.

Numerical Taxonomy in Marketing Analysis: A Review Article

1968 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Frank ◽  
Paul E. Green
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Taxonomy ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Numerical Classification ◽  
Classification Problems ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Marketing Analysis

Recent developments in numerical taxonomy appear to show applicability for many classification problems in marketing. This review article describes some of the approaches to numerical classification and presents illustrative marketing applications. Current limitations of the procedures are also discussed.

scholarly journals Recent Developments on Five-Component Reactions

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1986
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Ma ◽  
Sanjun Zhi ◽  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Multicomponent Reactions ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Reaction Centers ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Recent Developments

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have inherent advantages in pot, atom, and step economy (PASE). This important green synthetic approach has gained increasing attention due to high efficiency, minimal waste, saving resources, and straightforward procedures. Presented in this review article are the recent development on 5-compoment reactions (5CRs) of the following six types: (I) five different molecules A + B + C + D + E; pseudo-5CRs including (II) 2A + B + C + D, (III) 2A + 2B + C, (IV) 3A + B + C, (V) 3A + 2B, and (VI) 4A + B. 5CRs with more than five-reaction centers are also included.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Lignin- and Tannin-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Resins for Wood Adhesives—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4242
Author(s):  
Manggar Arum Aristri ◽  
Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis ◽  
Sumit Manohar Yadav ◽  
Petar Antov ◽  
Antonios N. Papadopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Wood Adhesives ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Lighting Industry ◽  
Renewable Natural Resources ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Strong Adhesion

This review article aims to summarize the potential of using renewable natural resources, such as lignin and tannin, in the preparation of NIPUs for wood adhesives. Polyurethanes (PUs) are extremely versatile polymeric materials, which have been widely used in numerous applications, e.g., packaging, footwear, construction, the automotive industry, the lighting industry, insulation panels, bedding, furniture, metallurgy, sealants, coatings, foams, and wood adhesives. The isocyanate-based PUs exhibit strong adhesion properties, excellent flexibility, and durability, but they lack renewability. Therefore, this study focused on the development of non-isocyanate polyurethane lignin and tannin resins for wood adhesives. PUs are commercially synthesized using polyols and polyisocyanates. Isocyanates are toxic, costly, and not renewable; thus, a search of suitable alternatives in the synthesis of polyurethane resins is needed. The reaction with diamine compounds could result in NIPUs based on lignin and tannin. The research on bio-based components for PU synthesis confirmed that they have good characteristics as an alternative for the petroleum-based adhesives. The advantages of improved strength, low curing temperatures, shorter pressing times, and isocyanate-free properties were demonstrated by lignin- and tannin-based NIPUs. The elimination of isocyanate, associated with environmental and human health hazards, NIPU synthesis, and its properties and applications, including wood adhesives, are reported comprehensively in this paper. The future perspectives of NIPUs’ production and application were also outlined.

scholarly journals Recent developments in voltammetric and amperometric sensors for cysteine detection

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 5411-5425
Author(s):  
Somayeh Tajik ◽  
Zahra Dourandish ◽  
Peyman Mohammadzadeh Jahani ◽  
Iran Sheikhshoaie ◽  
Hadi Beitollahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Amperometric Sensors ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Amperometric Sensing

This review article aims to provide an overview of the recent advances in the voltammetric and amperometric sensing of cysteine (Cys).

Rewiew of Fracture and Fatigue in Ceramic Matrix Composites

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 147-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Birman ◽  
Larry W. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Hostile Environments

A review of recent developments and state-of-the-art in research and understanding of damage and fatigue of ceramic matrix composites is presented. Both laminated as well as woven configurations are considered. The work on the effects of high temperature on fracture and fatigue of ceramic matrix composites is emphasized, because these materials are usually designed to operate in hostile environments. Based on a detailed discussion of the mechanisms of failure, the problems that have to be addressed for a successful implementation of ceramic matrix composites in design and practical operational structures are outlined. This review article includes 317 references.

Catalytic asymmetric umpolung reactions of imines via 2-azaallyl anion intermediates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaseen Hussain ◽  
Pankaj Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Catalytic Asymmetric

This review article describes all the significant recent developments in catalytic asymmetric umpolung reactions of imines involving a 2-azaallyl anion intermediate.

scholarly journals A Survey of Some Recent Developments on Higher Transcendental Functions of Analytic Number Theory and Applied Mathematics

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2294
Author(s):  
Hari Mohan Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Number Theory ◽  
Special Functions ◽  
Applied Mathematics ◽  
Analytic Number Theory ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
Analytic Number ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Transcendental Functions ◽  
Mathematical Sciences

Often referred to as special functions or mathematical functions, the origin of many members of the remarkably vast family of higher transcendental functions can be traced back to such widespread areas as (for example) mathematical physics, analytic number theory and applied mathematical sciences. Here, in this survey-cum-expository review article, we aim at presenting a brief introductory overview and survey of some of the recent developments in the theory of several extensively studied higher transcendental functions and their potential applications. For further reading and researching by those who are interested in pursuing this subject, we have chosen to provide references to various useful monographs and textbooks on the theory and applications of higher transcendental functions. Some operators of fractional calculus, which are associated with higher transcendental functions, together with their applications, have also been considered. Many of the higher transcendental functions, especially those of the hypergeometric type, which we have investigated in this survey-cum-expository review article, are known to display a kind of symmetry in the sense that they remain invariant when the order of the numerator parameters or when the order of the denominator parameters is arbitrarily changed.

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