scholarly journals Efficiency of pollutant removal in a hybrid constructed wetland with Hedychiumcoronarium J. König: a sustainable alternative for poor communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. e6
Author(s):  
Brennic Menezes Amaral ◽  
Douglas Pires Alcântara ◽  
Eva De Melo Ferreira ◽  
Karla Alcione da Silva Cruvinel
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Poor Communities

O tratamento de águas residuárias em países em desenvolvimento é um problema de acesso e eficiência. Os sistemas individuais de tratamento de esgoto são importantes quando a rede de coleta não chega a toda a comunidade. A eficiência do tratamento deve ser avaliada ao considerar o projeto dos sistemas e a prevenção do impacto ambiental negativo. Os sistemas de tratamento de esgoto são frequentemente utilizados como tratamento final para o polimento de águas residuárias. Este trabalho propõe um tratamento de esgoto utilizando um sistema híbrido composto de fossa séptica, filtro anaeróbico e um sistema de zonas úmidas utilizando plantas como tratamento terciário. Foram coletadas amostras para avaliar a demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), demanda química de oxigênio (COD), turbidez, cor aparente, sólidos totais, fósforo total (TP) e nitrogênio. Em dois pontos analisados, a remoção de contaminantes foi resultado do conjunto de fossas sépticas com o filtro anaeróbico. A eficiência do sistema melhorou a qualidade do efluente final, mostrando como uma excelente alternativa aos países com falta de estruturas coletivas para o tratamento de esgoto doméstico.

scholarly journals Treatment of Combined Dairy and Domestic Wastewater with Constructed Wetland System in Sicily (Italy). Pollutant Removal Efficiency and Effect of Vegetation

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1086
Author(s):  
Mario Licata ◽  
Roberto Ruggeri ◽  
Nicolò Iacuzzi ◽  
Giuseppe Virga ◽  
Davide Farruggia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Giant Reed

Dairy wastewater (DWW) contains large amounts of mineral and organic compounds, which can accumulate in soil and water causing serious environmental pollution. A constructed wetland (CW) is a sustainable technology for the treatment of DWW in small-medium sized farms. This paper reports a two-year study on the performance of a pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow system for DWW treatment in Sicily (Italy). The CW system covered a total surface area of 100 m2 and treated approximately 6 m3 per day of wastewater produced by a small dairy farm, subsequent to biological treatment. Removal efficiency (RE) of the system was calculated. The biomass production of two emergent macrophytes was determined and the effect of plant growth on organic pollutant RE was recorded. All DWW parameters showed significant differences between inlet and outlet. For BOD5 and COD, RE values were 76.00% and 62.00%, respectively. RE for total nitrogen (50.70%) was lower than that of organic compounds. RE levels of microbiological parameters were found to be higher than 80.00%. Giant reed produced greater biomass than umbrella sedge. A seasonal variation in RE of organic pollutants was recorded due to plant growth rate Our findings highlight the efficient use of a CW system for DWW treatment in dairy-cattle farms.

The efficiency and reliability of pollutant removal in a hybrid constructed wetland with giant miscanthus and Jerusalem artichoke in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Marzec ◽  
Magdalena Gizińska-Górna ◽  
Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski ◽  
Aneta Pytka-Woszczyło ◽  
Alina Kowalczyk-Juśko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Giant Miscanthus ◽  
Efficiency And Reliability

scholarly journals Pollutant removal and growth dynamics of macrophyte species for faecal sludge treatment with constructed wetland technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1145-1154
Author(s):  
Agyemang Richard Osei ◽  
Yacouba Konate ◽  
Felix Kofi Abagale
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris ◽  
Faecal Sludge

Abstract Constructed wetland technology is an innovative engineering technique for faecal sludge (FS) management. The presence of emergent macrophytes enhances the important processes of evapotranspiration, sludge mineralisation, and contaminant reduction. Consequently, selecting a species that can withstand the difficult sludge contaminated conditions within a local context is vital. This study monitored the pollutant removal potentials and growth dynamics of Bambusa vulgaris and Cymbopogon nardus as promising macrophytes for the constructed wetland technology in the Sudano-Sahelian context. The experiment, at pilot scale, consisted of plastic reactors (27 litre) filled with filter media of sand and fine gravels at the base, and planted with the selected species. Pollutant removal efficiencies were evaluated based on differences between influent and effluent concentrations, and physiological growth parameters of plant height, number of leaves and number of plants were monitored monthly. Total annual sludge loading rate of 31.4 and 103.4 kg TS/(m2·yr) (TS: total solids) were determined for FS + wastewater (acclimatisation phase) and FS load respectively. Both species recorded appreciable pollutant removal efficiency >80% for the organic (chemical oxygen demand), nutrients (PO43_P and NH4-N) and solid (total suspended solids and total volatile solids) contents. The species thus demonstrated satisfactory performance of resistance for faecal polluted wetland conditions.

scholarly journals Novel advanced porous concrete in constructed wetlands: preparation, characterization and application in urban storm runoff treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 2374-2382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Tai Tang ◽  
Kannan Pakshirajan
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Storm Runoff ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Porous Concrete ◽  
Storm Water Runoff ◽  
Grass Growth ◽  
Urban Storm

Abstract Common porous concrete templates (CPCT) and advanced porous concrete templates (APCT) were employed in this study to construct wetlands for their applications in pollutant removal from storm runoff. The planting ability of the concrete was investigated by growing Festuca elata plants in them. Strength of the porous concrete (7.21 ± 0.19 Mpa) decreased by 1.8 and 4.9% over a period of six and 12 months, respectively, due to its immersion in lake water. The height and weight of Festuca elata grass growth on the porous concrete were observed to be 12.6–16.9 mm and 63.4–95.4 mg, respectively, after a duration of one month. Advanced porous concrete template based constructed wetland (APCT-CW) showed better removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (49.6%), total suspended solids (TSS) (58.9), NH3-N (52.4%), total nitrogen (TN) (47.7%) and total phosphorus (TP) (45.5%) in storm water, when compared with the common porous concrete template based constructed wetland (CPCT-CW) with 20.6, 29.8, 30.1, 35.4 and 26.9%, respectively. The removal of Pb, Ni, Zn by the CPCT-CW unit were 28.9, 33.3 and 42.3%, respectively, whereas these were 51.1, 62.5 and 53.8%, respectively, with the APCT-CW unit. These results demonstrate that the advanced porous concrete template in constructed wetland could be employed successfully for the removal of pollutants from urban storm water runoff.

scholarly journals The Improvement of Pollutant Removal in the Ferric-Carbon Micro-Electrolysis Constructed Wetland by Partial Aeration

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Dong ◽  
Mengting Li ◽  
Lin-Lan Zhuang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Youhao Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Oxidation Efficiency ◽  
Denitrification Process

Subsurface flow constructed wetland (SSFCW) has been applied for wastewater treatment for several decades. In recent years, the combination of ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis (Fe/C-M/E) and SSFCW was proven to be an effective method of multifarious sewage treatment. However, Ferric substrate created a relatively reductive condition, decreased the oxidation efficiency of NH4+-N, and blocked the following denitrification process, which led to the low removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and total nitrogen (TN). In this study, partial aeration was introduced into the ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis SSFCW (Fe/C-M/E CW) system to solve the problem above. The water quality and nitrogen-related functional genes of bacteria on the surface of substrate were measured for mechanism exploration. The results showed that, the removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and total phosphorus (TP) in an aerated Fe/C-M/E CW system were 96.97% ± 6.06% and 84.62% ± 8.47%, much higher than 43.33% ± 11.27% and 60.16% ± 2.95% in the unaerated Fe/C-M/E CW systems. However, the TN removal in Fe/C-M/E CW system was not enhanced by aeration, which could be optimized by extending more anoxic section for denitrification.

scholarly journals The Efficiency and Reliability of Pollutant Removal in a Hybrid Constructed Wetland with Common Reed, Manna Grass, and Virginia Mallow

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Marzec ◽  
Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski ◽  
Anna Dębska ◽  
Magdalena Gizińska-Górna ◽  
Aneta Pytka-Woszczyło ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Limit Values

In this paper, the pollutant removal efficiency and the reliability of a vertical and horizontal flow hybrid constructed wetland (CW) planted with common reed, manna grass, and Virginia mallow were analyzed. The wastewater treatment plant, located in south-eastern Poland, treated domestic sewage at an average flow rate of 2.5 m3/d. The tests were carried out during five years of its operation (2014–2018). The following parameters were measured: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. The results showed that more than 95% of BOD5, COD, and total phosphorus was removed in the tested CW system. The average effectiveness of removal of total suspended solids and total nitrogen exceeded 86%. A reliability analysis performed using the Weibull probability model showed that the removal reliability in the tested CW was very high for BOD5, COD, total suspended solids, and total phosphorus (100%). The probability that the total nitrogen concentration in the treated effluents would reach the limit value (30 mg/L) established for effluents discharged from a treatment plant of less than 2000 PE (population equivalent) to standing waters was 94%. The values of all the pollution indicators in wastewater discharged to the receiver were significantly lower than the limit values required in Poland. The investigated hybrid CW system with common reed, manna grass, and Virginia mallow guaranteed stable low values of BOD5, COD, total suspended solids, and total phosphorus in the treated wastewater, which meant it was highly likely to be positively evaluated in case of an inspection.

scholarly journals Constructed Wetlands as Sustainable Technology for the Treatment and Reuse of the First-Flush Stormwater in Agriculture—A Case Study in Sicily (Italy)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Tuttolomondo ◽  
Giuseppe Virga ◽  
Mario Licata ◽  
Claudio Leto ◽  
Salvatore La Bella
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Aesthetic Characteristics

This paper describes a case study that was carried out on a Sicilian company (Italy) dealing with separate waste collection and recycling of glass. The aims of this study were to evaluate the overall efficiency of a vertical subsurface flow system (VSSFs) constructed wetland (CW) operating for the treatment of first-flush stormwater and the effects of treated wastewater on the morphological and aesthetic characteristics of ornamental pepper and rosemary plants. The system had a total surface area of 46.80 m2 and was planted with common reed and giant reed. Wastewater samples were taken from October 2018 to July 2019 at the CW inlet and outlet for chemical-physical and microbiological characterization of the wastewater. Two separate experimental fields of rosemary and ornamental pepper were set up in another Sicilian location. Three sources of irrigation water, two accessions of rosemary and two varieties of ornamental pepper were tested in a split-plot design for a two-factor experiment. The results showed very high organic pollutant removal (BOD5 75–83%, COD 65–69%) and a good efficiency of nutrients (TN 60–66%) and trace metals (especially for Cu and Zn) removal. Escherichia coli concentration levels were always lower than 100 CFU 100 mL−1 during the test period. Irrigation water and plant habitus had significant effects on all the morphological and aesthetic characteristics of the plants. For both the crops, plants irrigated with freshwater and treated wastewater had greater growth and showed a better general appearance in comparison with plants irrigated with wastewater. The higher trace metal levels in the wastewater produced adverse effects on plant growth and reduced the visual quality of the plants. Our results suggest the suitability of a VSSFs constructed wetland for the treatment of first-flush stormwater and the reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation purposes, in accordance with legislation requirements concerning wastewater quality.

Hydraulic Characteristics of a Pilot-Scale Vertical Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 2451-2458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zheng ◽  
Ai Zhong Ding ◽  
De Chuan Kong ◽  
Li Rong Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Tracer Movement ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Average Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Peaks

The hydraulic characteristics of constructed wetland are vital to its performance for pollutant removal. Hydraulic characteristics of a pilot scale vertical flow constructed wetland were studied by tracer experiments with the method of moments (MoM) analyzing. From the residence-time distribution (RTD) of tracer during the experiment, the mean detention time, average water velocity and dispersion coefficients were obtained for the constructed wetland. The results showed that the mean residence time was approximately 15% shorter than nominal residence time indicating 85% of total available pore volume was active in pollutant removal processes. The two peaks observed on the RTD curves suggested short-circuiting flows or dead zones exist in the constructed wetland. The relatively large Peclet number of 11.8 suggested that dispersive processes dominated in the tracer movement. Comparison of tracer profiles at different sampling locations indicated that large amount of tracer transported through the upper portion of the constructed wetland.

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