scholarly journals The role of maize hybrids in current trends of bioethanol production

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Valentina Nikolić ◽  
Slađana Žilić ◽  
Milica Radosavljević ◽  
Marijana Simić
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Gasoline Demand ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Production And Consumption

Bioethanol is a biofuel that is mostly used as a replacement for fossil fuels worldwide with yearly production reaching nearly 110 billion liters in 2019. Trends of producing this alternative fuel are rising and maize is considered as one of the best renewable raw materials for the production of fuel ethanol due to the high content of starch in the grain. Taking into account that Serbia is one of the most prominent maize producers in Europe, the surpluses of this crop could be directed towards bioethanol production. Even though there is no organized production and consumption of bioethanol as an automotive fuel in Serbia, the Serbian Government has recently introduced some new regulations regarding biofuels. However, due to the reduction of economic activities since the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the global demand for crude oil has fallen sharply, negatively affecting the gasoline demand, and thus for bioethanol, which makes the future of this alternative fuel production notably uncertain.

scholarly journals Organizational, technical and economic fundamentals of waste management and monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 08031
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Velichko ◽  
Edward Tshovrebov ◽  
Ural Niyazgulov
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Secondary Resources ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The article deals with issues of monitoring, planning, organizational and technical support, economic regulation and improving the efficiency of the infrastructure for processing, recycling and disposal of waste, resource conservation and management of secondary resources, their use as secondary raw materials for production, services, work and power generation. The Russian Federation has significant potential for economic growth due to the efficient use of secondary resources from billions of tons of generated production and consumption waste annually. These ecologically unsafe anthropogenic objects can be characterized as a source of valuable renewable raw materials, material and fuel and energy resources. However, the scale and level of use of various types of secondary resources are characterized by considerable unevenness and depend on the demand for secondary raw materials, the resource value of the waste, the environmental situation arising from treating them as environmental polluters, on the real economic conditions that determine the profitability of each specific type. economic activities that use secondary resources for the manufacture of products, works, services, energy production. The methods of monitoring the industry for the treatment, disposal and disposal of waste are: information-analytical, information-statistical, sociological, geo-information. The legal status of the monitoring system of the industry for the treatment, disposal and disposal of waste is determined by the limitations of its functionality within the framework of the goals and objectives facing it.

Pots on mats: mat-impressed salt-extraction pottery at Chalcolithic Provadia-Solnitsata, Bulgaria

Antiquity ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mila Andonova ◽  
Vassil Nikolov
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Salt Production ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Late Chalcolithic ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Relationship

Evidence for both basket weaving and salt production is often elusive in the prehistoric archaeological record. An assemblage of Middle–Late Chalcolithic pottery from Provadia-Solnitsata in Bulgaria provides insight into these two different technologies and the relationship between them. The authors analyse sherds from vessels used in large-scale salt production, the bases of which bear the impression of woven mats. This analysis reveals the possible raw materials used in mat weaving at Provadia-Solnitsata and allows interpretation of the role of these mats in salt production at the site. The results illustrate how it is possible to see the ‘invisible’ material culture of prehistoric south-eastern Europe and its importance for production and consumption.

Key drivers influencing the commercialization of ethanol-based biorefineries

1969 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj K Chandel ◽  
Om V Singh ◽  
Gajula Chandrasekhar ◽  
Linga Venkateswar Rao ◽  
Mangamoori Lakshmi Narasu
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
The Cost

The imposition of ethanol derived from biomass for blending in gasoline would make countries less dependent on current petroleum sources, which would save foreign exchange reserves, improve rural economies and provide job opportunities in a clean and safe environment. The key drivers for successful commercial ethanol production are cheap raw materials, economic pretreatment technologies, in-house cellulase production with high and efficient titers, high ethanol fermentation rates, downstream recovery of ethanol and maximum by-products utilization. Furthermore, recent developments in engineering of biomass for increased biomass, down-regulation of lignin synthesis, improved cellulase titers and re-engineering of cellulases, and process integration of the steps involved have increased the possibility of cheap bioethanol production that competes with the price of petroleum. Recently, many companies have come forward globally for bioethanol production on a large scale. It is very clear now that bioethanol will be available at the price of fossil fuels by 2010. This article intends to provide insight and perspectives on the important recent developments in bioethanol research, the commercialization status of bioethanol production, the step-wise cost incurred in the process involved, and the possible innovations that can be utilized to reduce the cost of ethanol production.

scholarly journals How Long Can Neoliberalism Withstand Climate Crisis?

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Julius Alexander McGee ◽  
Patrick Trent Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Fossil Fuel Consumption ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
Climate Crisis ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

The climate crisis is proving to be antithetical to the neoliberal machines that define current forms of social organization. Reducing fossil fuel consumption, the largest contributor to climate change, requires collaborative efforts. These efforts must take into consideration the foundational role of fossil fuels in modern economies. Yet, renewables lack many of the characteristics that have made fossil fuels so desirable in production processes, limiting their ability to expropriate human labor. At the same time, climate catastrophes, such as wildfires and hurricanes, disrupt the infrastructural momentum of fossil fuel economies, destabilizing the mechanisms of capital accumulation that derive from the production and consumption of these fuels. All of these problems have come to a head in the recent crises in Chile and California.

scholarly journals Relationship between the energy and the environment at the current stage of energy market development

2021 ◽  
Vol 311 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
Yulia Anatolyevna Antokhina ◽  
Galina Yuryevna Peshkova ◽  
Elena Grigoryevna Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Reduce Emissions

The authors analyzed the current situation related to the global consumption of fossil fuels, as well as environmental problems caused by their extraction, production and consumption. The official statistical data were used, reflecting the volumes of export of fossil raw materials from the Russian Federation, the directions of raw materials flows, characterizing the demand for oil, gas, peat coal in international trade. The authors note that negative factors caused by currency fluctuations, pandemic and other factors did not lead to global changes in the fossil fuel market. The article presents the provisions of international documents adopted in order to prevent climate warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, attention is focused on distribution of responsibility between the developed and developing countries of the world. The authors analyzed the measures implemented in the territory of the Russian Federation, and identified positive trends to reduce emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. Wherein, the article reflects the environmental risks associated with use of alternative energy sources and nuclear facilities, the assessment of which must be carried out during commissioning the corresponding facilities.

scholarly journals Bioethanol Production from Fermentable Sugar Juice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossain Zabed ◽  
Golam Faruq ◽  
Jaya Narayan Sahu ◽  
Mohd Sofian Azirun ◽  
Rosli Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Increasing Demand

Bioethanol production from renewable sources to be used in transportation is now an increasing demand worldwide due to continuous depletion of fossil fuels, economic and political crises, and growing concern on environmental safety. Mainly, three types of raw materials, that is, sugar juice, starchy crops, and lignocellulosic materials, are being used for this purpose. This paper will investigate ethanol production from free sugar containing juices obtained from some energy crops such as sugarcane, sugar beet, and sweet sorghum that are the most attractive choice because of their cost-effectiveness and feasibility to use. Three types of fermentation process (batch, fed-batch, and continuous) are employed in ethanol production from these sugar juices. The most common microorganism used in fermentation from its history is the yeast, especially,Saccharomyces cerevisiae, though the bacterial speciesZymomonas mobilisis also potentially used nowadays for this purpose. A number of factors related to the fermentation greatly influences the process and their optimization is the key point for efficient ethanol production from these feedstocks.

Transitional Alternative Fuels and Vehicles Model

1997 ◽  
Vol 1587 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Leiby ◽  
Jonathan Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicles ◽  
Long Run

The Transitional Alternative Fuels Vehicle model simulates the use and cost of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles over the period 1996 to 2010. It is designed to examine the transitional period of alternative fuel and vehicle use. It accounts for dynamic linkages between investments and vehicle and fuel production capacity, tracks vehicle stock evolution, and represents the effects of increasing scale and expanding retail fuel availability on the effective costs to consumers. Fuel and vehicle prices and choices are endogenous. Preliminary results that illustrate the role of potentially important transitional phenomena are discussed. This model extends previous, long-run comparative static analyses of policies that assumed mature vehicle and fuel industries. As a dynamic transitional model, it can help to assess what may be necessary to reach mature, large-scale, alternative fuel and vehicle markets, and what it would cost.

scholarly journals The Study of Process of Alternative Fuel Production from Renewable Raw Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Kuznetsova ◽  
Ludmila Zabodalova ◽  
Natalia Yakovchenko ◽  
Maria Domoroshchenkova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials

The role of interdepartmental interaction in creating an effective production and consumption waste management system in order to ensure a favorable living environment for the population of the Tyumen region

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
G. V. Sharukho ◽  
◽  
Yu. I. Raspopova ◽  
A. N. Marchenko ◽  
N. V. Tokareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Consumption Waste

The article discusses the issue of an effective management system in the field of production and consumption waste in the Tyumen region. The priorities of the state policy in the field of waste management are reflected. The ways of optimization of logistics and development of infrastructure in this area are described. The options for achieving an integrated strategy are considered. Methods of preventing the harmful effects of production and consumption waste on human health and the environment, as well as options for minimizing the amount of generated waste and using waste as a source of raw materials are outlined. The implementation and effectiveness of the measures taken is under the control of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing for the Tyumen region. Events in the Tyumen region are implemented in close interdepartmental cooperation with executive authorities and local government bodies. The Tyumen model of the municipal waste management system is recognized as one of the most successful in the Russian Federation.

Conceptual Aspects of the Productive Use of Material Resources

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Бабанов ◽  
V. Babanov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Unique Ability

The process of production of vital goods for people requires involvement in the circulation of large masses of material resources. The content and rationality of material consumption determine different sides of production and social activity and of human life and influence not only on economic but also ecological efficiency of social production. The leading role in the creation of wealth is given to material elements: raw materials and materials, which have the unique ability to create useful products, i.e. products endowed with in the process of their production usefulness that make them the desired user. The final utility of the product formed from the usefulness of its material components, which can be transformed by other factors: equipment, labor, technology, performing the role of the transformation tools, the final usefulness of the produced results. The article considers the conceptual aspects, the productive use of material resources arising from the analysis of their role in the processes of creating the products needed to support life and human activities; the principles of productive business; methods of solving practical problems of economic activities.

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