scholarly journals Influence of amelioration on the productivity of alfalfa on acid soil types vertisols

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Jelena Stojiljković ◽  
Vera Rajičić ◽  
Dragan Terzić ◽  
Vuk Radojević ◽  
Nenad Đurić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Plot Yield ◽  
Total Plant

Alfalfa is the most important forage legume in our agroecological conditions for feeding cattle. In the area of Jablanica district, alfalfa occupies a considerable place in the total plant production. The restrictive factor in the establishment and short durability of alfalfa stand is the low pH of arable agricultural soil. Within the three-year field trial on Vertisol soil type (pH in KCl 4.9), from 2016 to 2018, alfalfa plot yield has been analyzed with different fertilization variants. The research results indicate that alfalfa provides a significantly higher yield on the plot where amelioration measures were applied, through the application of limestone and manure, with the addition of mineral fertilizer. A barely lower yield was achieved on the calcified and manured plot, while the lowest yield was on the control plot, where a generous amount of mineral fertilizer was added, which is a common practice of agricultural producers in the area of Jablanica district.

scholarly journals Reduced Leaching Fractions Improve Irrigation Use Efficiency and Nutrient Efficacy

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen H. Tyler ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Ted E. Bilderback
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
N Losses ◽  
P Content ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Volume

Abstract An experiment with two leaching fractions (LF = volume of water leached ÷ volume of water applied) and two fertilizer rates was conducted to evaluate the effects of reduced irrigation volume in combination with reduced fertility on irrigation use efficiency, nutrient efficacy (retention), and plant growth. Rooted cuttings of Cotoneaster dammeri Schneid. ‘Skogholm’ were potted into 3.8 liter (#1) containers in a pine bark: sand substrate (8:1 by vol). Osmocote 24N-1.7P-5.8K (24-4-7) was topdressed at 3.5 g N or 1.75 g N per container at treatment initiation. The experiment, a RCBD with four replications was conducted for 100 days on a container-grown plant production area subdivided into 16 separate plots that allowed for the collection of all irrigation water leaving each plot. Twenty containers were placed in each plot. Irrigation water was applied daily to attain either a high LF of 0.4 to 0.6 or a low LF of 0.0 to 0.2. Irrigation water was applied in two cycles with a two hour rest interval between each application via pressure compensated spray stakes at a rate of 200 ml/min (0.28 in/min). Volume of effluent from each plot was measured daily and analyzed for NO3, NH4, and P. Low LF decreased irrigation volume and effluent volume by 44% and 63%, respectively, compared to high LF. Irrigation use efficiency [total plant dry weight (volume applied-volume leached)] by plants irrigated with low LF was 29% greater than high LF. Compared to high LF, low LF decreased cumulative NO3 and NH4 contents in effluent by 66% and 62%, respectively, for containers fertilized with 3.5 g N. Low LF also reduced cumulative P content in the effluent by 57% compared to high LF. Shoot and total plant dry weights produced with low LF were reduced 8% and 10%, respectively, compared to plants grown with high LF. Root dry weight was not effected by LF. Shoot, root, and total plant dry weights with 1.75 g N were reduced by 26%, 26%, and 28%, respectively compared to 3.5 g N. Nitrogen efficiency was higher when plants were fertilized with 3.5 g N regardless of LF. To maximize N absorption and minimize N losses requires a combination of maintaining an adequate N supply which is this study was 3.5 g N per 3.8 liter container in combination with a low LF.

scholarly journals Uji Pendahuluan Genotipe-genotipe Kedelai Hasil Seleksi In Vitro terhadap Cekaman Aluminium dan pH Rendah

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Arief Vivi Noviati ◽  
Sri Hutami ◽  
Ika Mariska ◽  
Endang Sjamsudin
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Gamma Irradiated

<p class="p1">Aluminum toxicity is a major constraint to soybean production in acid soils. Since variabilities on Al tolerance in plants are very limited, mutation breeding, and <em>in vitro </em>selection were used to increase the variability. Three soyben genotypes were produced from cultivars Wilis and Sindoro that have been gamma irradiated and selected <em>in vitro </em>for their tolerance to Al on Al and low pH media. These genotypes and their original cultivars were then planted in a greenhouse in an acid soil on May 2001. The results showed that the plant performances were varied, some were shorter and more compact than the original. Based on the yield components, a number of plants from the genotypes showed higher than those of the control cultivars. These plants were considered more tolerant to Al than the original cultivars.</p>

scholarly journals UJI KETAHANAN TERHADAP ALUMINIUM DAN pH RENDAH PADA JAGUNG (Zea mays L) VARIETAS PIONEER DAN SRIKANDI SECARA IN VITRO

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-299
Author(s):  
Sri Romaito Dalimunthe ◽  
Abdullah Bin Arif ◽  
Irpan Badrul Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Marginal Land ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Relative Root Length ◽  
Relative Root

One effort to increase maize productivity is by using marginal land for maize plantation. The marginal land that can be used is acid soil, but the problem are Al toxicity and low pH. To cope with these problems, cultivars having tolerance to Al toxicity and low pH are needed. Plant material used in this research were two maize varieties (Pioneer and Srikandi). Media selection is used there are 4 doses treatment aluminium (0, 250, 500 and 750 ppm AlCl3). All variables were observed except at the variable width of the leaf in this results showed that the treatment of aluminium (AlCl3) would not influence. Treatment combination Variety Srikandi and 250 ppm AlCl3 produces plant height, leaf length and leaf width is the shortest compared to other treatments. Variety Pioneer and Srikandi are suspected of varieties resistant aluminum and low pH values based on relative root length.

scholarly journals Impact of Integrated and Conventional Plant Production on Selected Soil Parameters in Carrot Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Szeląg-Sikora ◽  
Jakub Sikora ◽  
Marcin Niemiec ◽  
Zofia Gródek-Szostak ◽  
Joanna Kapusta-Duch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Production System ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Means Of Production

Currently, the level of efficiency of an effective agricultural production process is determined by how it reduces natural environmental hazards caused by various types of technologies and means of agricultural production. Compared to conventional production, the aim of integrated agricultural cultivation on commercial farms is to maximize yields while minimizing costs resulting from the limited use of chemical and mineral means of production. As a result, the factor determining the level of obtained yield is the soil’s richness in nutrients. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of soil richness, depending on the production system appropriate for a given farm. The analysis was conducted for two comparative groups of farms with an integrated and conventional production system. The farms included in the research belonged to two groups of agricultural producers and specialized in carrot production.

scholarly journals Increasing Sustainability of Growing Media Constituents and Stand-Alone Substrates in Soilless Culture Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazim Gruda
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Soilless Culture ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Closed Loop Systems

Decreasing arable land, rising urbanization, water scarcity, and climate change exert pressure on agricultural producers. Moving from soil to soilless culture systems can improve water use efficiency, especially in closed-loop systems with a recirculating water/nutrient solution that recaptures the drain water for reuse. However, the question of alternative materials to peat and rockwool, as horticultural substrates, has become increasingly important, due to the despoiling of ecologically important peat bog areas and a pervasive waste problem. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive critical review of current developments in soilless culture, growing media, and future options of using different materials other than peat and rockwool. Apart from growing media properties and their performance from the point of view of plant production, economic and environmental factors are also important. Climate change, CO2 emissions, and other ecological issues will determine and drive the development of soilless culture systems and the choice of growing media in the near future. Bioresources, e.g., treated and untreated waste, as well as renewable raw materials, have great potential to be used as growing media constituents and stand-alone substrates. A waste management strategy aimed at reducing, reusing, and recycling should be further and stronger applied in soilless culture systems. We concluded that the growing media of the future must be available, affordable, and sustainable and meet both quality and environmental requirements from growers and society, respectively.

Somaclonal variation in plant adaptation to acid soil in the tropical forage legume Stylosanthes guianensis

1992 ◽  
Vol 146 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Rao ◽  
W. M. Roca ◽  
M. A. Ayarza ◽  
E. Tabares ◽  
R. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Tropical Forage

scholarly journals METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION SLAGS – PROMISING MATERIAL FOR TECHNOLOGICAL WASTE RECLAMATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 987-992
Author(s):  
I. P. Belanov ◽  
N. B. Naumova ◽  
I. S. Semina ◽  
O. A. Savenkov
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Electric Furnace ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Perennial Plants ◽  
Fertile Soil

The article describes results of the microplot field trial to investigate potential use of metallurgical slags for fracture of capillary rim  during reclamation of toxic waste dumping areas, such as enrichment  plants  tailings,  solid  waste  dumps,  etc.,  with  minimal  possible  introduction  of  fertile  soil  layer.  Such  approach  allows  energy-effective  utilization  of  metallurgical  wastes.  Four  slags,  produced  at  EVRAZ  West  Siberian  plant  by  different  technologies  were  used:  white  nonferrous, blast-furnace, converter and electric furnace slags. These slags  were used as an inert material, underlying thin fertile soil layer in experimental microplots, where perennial plants (legume-grass mixture)  were sawn. For each slag there was check variant (no fertilizer added),  and  variants  with  potassium  humic  agents,  and  their  combination  as  mineral fertilizers. Aboveground phytomass at the end of the grow ing  season varied from 17 to128 g/m2. Converter and blast furnace slags,  which had the least phytotoxicity, appeared to be better inert materials.  Mineral  fertilizer,  introduced  itself  and  combined  with  humic  agents,  has  increased  aboveground  phytomass  2 – 4 times  as  compared  with  check  variant.  Used  separately,  humic  agent  did  not  affect  plant  production,  whereas  used  together  with  mineral  fertilizer,  it  increased  phytomass  1.6 – 1.8 times.  Thus  combined  introduction  of  mineral  fertilizer  and  humic  agents  is  recommended  to  stimulate  germination  abilit y  and  phytomass  production.  Converter  and  blast  furnace  slags  can be used as inert materials for reclamation with minimal fertile soil  layer application, whereas white non-ferrous and electric furnace slags  are not recommended for such application due to their high phytotoxicity, negatively affecting growth and development of perennial plants,  used for reclamation.

scholarly journals (94) Efficacy of Application Methods and Concentration of Plant Growth Retardants on Growth of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthem ×grandiflorum `Cheasepeake')

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1046A-1046
Author(s):  
Chun Ho Pak ◽  
Seung Won Kang ◽  
Chiwon W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Plant Growth Retardants ◽  
Application Methods

Efficacy of application methods and concentration of plant growth retardants on growth of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema ×grandiflorum cv. Cheasepeake) was tested. B-9 or cycocel (CCC) as a growth retardant was applied as drench or subapplication with nutrient solution. In the case of B-9 drench treatments, as B-9 concentrations increased, numbers of flowers and flower buds increased except in the 1500-ppm treatment. Increasing concentration of CCC also resulted in reduction of flower numbers, total plant height, total leaf area, branch number, and fresh weight. Reduction ratio of total plant height in 2000 ppm showed about 56.9% being compared to that of the 100-ppm drench treatment. B-9 or CCC, combined with nutrient solution, was also supplied from the C-channel subirrigation system. The B-9 subapplication treatment showed no significance among these concentrations, but flower numbers, total plant height, average plant height, and leaf numbers decreased as concentrations of CCC increased. B-9 or CCC with the same concentration was drenched after 2 weeks of the first experiment to compare planting time efficacy. Measured data increased until B-9 increased up to 2500 ppm and severe growth retardation resulted from the 5000-ppm treatment. Through this growth retardant application study, the combination of drenching concentration and period of plant growth regulators (PGRs) may result in effective growth retardation and reduction of application concentrations for pot plant production.

Response of sweet potato cultivars to acid soil infertility factors. I. Effects of solution pH on early growth

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Ila'ava ◽  
C. J. Asher ◽  
F. P. C. Blamey
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Solution Ph

Sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] is cultivated on soils varying widely in chemical properties, but relatively little is known about the effects of pH on the growth of this crop. In commercial and subsistence agriculture, sweet potato is propagated mostly from stem cuttings. This paper reports effects of a range of pH treatments (3.5–8.0) in flowing solution culture on early growth from cuttings of 15 sweet potato cultivars. Root growth was either greatly reduced or inhibited at pH 3.5. Increasing the pH to 4.0 markedly increased root development. Further increases in solution pH from 4.0 to 8.0 did not appear to affect root growth in most cultivars. Top growth in most cultivars showed a tendency to increase when pH was increased from 3.5 to 5.5 before declining with further increases in solution pH. The sweet potato cultivars studied differed widely in their tolerance to low pH, producing 16–48% of maximum top dry mass at pH 3.5. Tissue analysis from selected cultivars showed that K and Ca appeared to be limiting at pH 3.5, while P may have been deficient at pH 8.0. Results of this study indicate that low pH per se does not appear to be a major factor responsible for poor sweet potato yields in acid soils.

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