scholarly journals The causes of proliferation of nuclear weapons: The case of the Middle East

Vojno delo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
Vladislav Stefanović
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Nuclear Proliferation ◽  
East Region ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
Middle East Region

The subject of this paper is nuclear proliferation and its implications for regional and world security. The study seeks to explain the motive of states to come into possession of nuclear weapons. It also looks at the consequences for the region if one of the states comes into possession of nuclear weapons. The subject matter of the study covers the Middle East region to the greatest extent. Since proliferation is also present outside the region, other cases of proliferation will be included in the research. Proliferation cases outside the Middle East region will be a guide to understanding the proliferation developments in this region, and will seek to explain the causes of nuclear proliferation in the world.

CIVIL WAR IN SYRIA AND GEOPOLITICAL INTERESTS OF RUSSIA IN THE MIDDLE EAST REGION

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
Лобанов ◽  
Konstantin Lobanov ◽  
Моисеев ◽  
Vladimir Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
East Region ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The World ◽  
Middle East Region

Armed conflict in Syria has not only aggravated regional contradictions in the Middle East region, but also activated geopolitical interests of the world powers in this part of the planet. The collision of multidirectional interests gives tragic sounding to numerous internal and external political forces to civil war in Syria, prolongs this conflict in time and expands it spatially. This article is devoted to the detection of geopolitical interests of Russia in the Middle East region on the example of participation of our country in the Syrian opposition.

Middle East

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Raymond Bar-On
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Northern Africa ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
East Region ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
The World ◽  
World Tourism Organization ◽  
Tourism Organization ◽  
Middle East Region

The World Tourism Organization (WTO) reported 14.8 million international tourist arrivals (excluding day-visits) in its Middle East region in 1997, 4.9% above 1996, and 36.0 million in its ‘Expanded Middle East’ region (including Eastern Mediterranean and Northern Africa). Receipts reported from international tourism in the Middle East region totalled US$10 billion, 13% above 1996 (in current US$, including receipts from day-visitors, excluding International Fares) and US$24 billion in the ‘Expanded Middle East’ region. Tourist arrivals, receipts and hotel capacity are presented for 13 countries of the Middle East region and 9 related countries.

scholarly journals The Middle East Policy-Future Engagements of the U.S in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Al-Fawwaz ◽  
Abdallah S. Abualkanam ◽  
Walid K. Abudalbouh
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
East Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Lasting Peace ◽  
Middle East Policy ◽  
Middle East Region ◽  
The U.S

The U.S is one of the foreign nations that have been deeply involved in the affairs of the Middle East region, particularly in Iran. The threat posed by terrorism to international peace and stability was one of the reasons why the U.S thought it wise to be involved in the affairs of the Middle East. Besides the insecurity concerns, laid the interests of the U.S in the region that is known to have vast reservoirs of oil and the leading producers of the source of energy in the world. According to the U.S, it would have been foolhardy to let the region slip into an era of political unrest as the rest of the world watched, yet the region is a source of livelihood and economies of different nations the world over because of their vast oil deposits. Consequently, the U.S drafted several measures and policies that, according to them, were aimed at restoring peace and political stability in the region. These included coalition building, supporting peace ventures, and provision of humanitarian aid. In their policies, they believed that a stable Middle East region would ensure a more stable world than was witnessed before their involvement. Despite their involvement in trying to find lasting peace in the region, the U.S has also encountered several challenges along their way that made their peace efforts slip every moment they thought they were close to finding lasting peace in the region.

Attitudes toward femvertising in the Middle East: the case of Lebanon

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samer Elhajjar
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Content Type ◽  
East Region ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Middle East Region

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer a clear understanding of the use of femvertising in Lebanon and its effects on consumers in general. Design/methodology/approach Data was collected using an online survey questionnaire, administered to a random sample of 318 individuals. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. Findings Lebanese people positively perceive the implication of women empowerment in advertisement. Gender, trust in ads, support of women’s rights and feminist self-identification, all have an impact on consumer behavior toward femvertising. However, the educational level and age do not affect the attitudes toward femvertising. Practical implications The practical contributions of our research derive from the importance of our findings on the uniqueness of the knowledge and information in the Middle East region. The importance of increasing knowledge of gender roles and Marketing in the Middle East is highly related to the gender dynamics embedded within broader globalization debates. Originality/value While studies have been extensive on the utilization of femvertising as a marketing strategy, the contexts under which these studies have been published, are mainly focused in the West. Hence, the Middle East in general and Lebanon, in particular, has witnessed no comprehensive and serious research on the subject. Consequently, this study is considered important and a major step toward establishing a theoretical base and underpinnings on the subject of utilization of femvertising in brands’ marketing strategies.

The USA strategy and tactics in the Middle East region from the end of the World War II to the "Arab spring"

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Anna Igorevna Filimonova ◽  
Sergey Dmitrievich Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
East Region ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Middle East Region

Currently, as the most powerful state in the world, the United States has a key influence on the processes taking place in the Middle East. In this regard, the analysis of the strategic paradigm of the American policy in the Middle East and the tactics of its implementation from the beginning of its formation is important both for understanding the specifics of the processes taking place in the region and for assessing their impact on the world political process. The material of the article is of scientific and methodological significance in the field of International Relations

The United States Strategy and Tactics in the Middle East Region from the End of the Second World War to the Arab Spring. Scientific and methodological materials in the field of International Relations

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
Anna Filimonova ◽  
Sergey Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
East Region ◽  
The World ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Second World ◽  
Middle East Region

Being the most powerful state in the world, the United States has a key influence on the processes taking place in the Middle East. In this regard, the analysis of the strategic paradigm of American policy in the Middle East and the tactics of its implementation from the beginning of its formation is important both for understanding the specifics of the processes taking place in the region and for assessing their impact on the world political process. The material of the article is of scientific and methodological significance in the field of International Relations.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Peningkatan Kekuatan Iran Terhadap Hegemoni Amerika Serikat di Timur Tengah

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
Reza Bakhtiar Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Military Power ◽  
The West ◽  
East Region ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Middle East Region

Using the method of discourse analysis and the theory of Balance of Power as a media for analysis of this paper seeks to find out why and how the increase in Iranian military power threatens the hegemony of the United States in the Middle East. Significant increases in Iranian military power are thought to threaten US interests in the Middle East. Post-revolution of Iran under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979 has turned this country into a new political and military power. Since then, relations between Iran and the West, especially the United States, are becoming more tense. Iran's policy on nuclear weapons has triggered an arm of race in the Middle East. Even Iran is considered to threaten the stability of the region's security. Especially the security of the United States allies in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia emerged as one of Iran's main opponents in the Middle East region. One vote with a colleague of the United States, the Saudis have always denounced all Iranian political and military policies. Given the enormous importance of the United States in the Middle East, as well as its responsibilities to the security of its allies in the Middle East, various ways in which the United States has secured its hegemony. Like strengthening alliances with its Middle East allies by way of massive military supply of weapons.

scholarly journals TURKEY’s «SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP» WITH THE TALIBAN: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EU AND NATO

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Alexander Shumilin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
World Community ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
East Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Special Relations ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Middle East Region ◽  
The Eu

The article focuses on two international political aspects of the radical changes in the situation in Afghanistan after the seizure of power there by the Taliban: the problem of legalizing the new government through its recognition by other states, first, and Ankara’s intensified efforts to establish «special relations» with the Taliban, second. The attempts of the latter to achieve their recognition on the world stage have at the moment not led to the desired result for them. Neither the «collective West», nor Russia, China and the countries of the Middle East and Central Asia are in a hurry to recognize the government of the group classified by the UN as a terrorist organization. At the same time, the threat of a humanitarian catastrophe in Afghanistan is becoming more and more obvious. The world community is looking for ways to provide assistance to the population of this country. At the same time, Russia (the «Moscow format») and Turkey have noticeably stepped up their diplomatic efforts. The article examines the main motives of Ankara, which, according to the author, perceives the problem of Afghanistan not only from the perspective of bilateral relations with it, but also in the broader context of rivalry between the leading states of the Middle East region. The author emphasizes that the Taliban and the Turkish leader RT Erdogan are linked by a common ideological platform – Islamism. At the same time, Erdogan seeks to present himself in the eyes of NATO partners as a mediator between the alliance and the Taliban government.

Israel

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipin Narang
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear State ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

This chapter considers how one might treat Israel's nuclear posture, given that it is a posture comprising capabilities that have never been confirmed. Israel is the world's oldest closet nuclear state. For more than forty years it has neither confirmed nor denied its possession of nuclear weapons, and has vowed not to be the first to “introduce” nuclear weapons into the Middle East. But it has circulated enough credible rumors and hints that it does possess a nuclear weapons capability to lead most of the world to believe that Israel was the world's sixth nuclear power. Based on incredible access to Israeli officials and declassified U.S. documents, this chapter reveals the most authoritative history of Israel's nuclear program. Drawing on previous works on the subject, this chapter fits Israel's nuclear posture into the broader comparative typology.

STRATEGIES OF MAIN ACTORS OF WORLD POLICY REGARDING THE MIDDLE EAST AND MODERN SYRIA(ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE USA AND THE EUROPEAN UNION)

2019 ◽  
pp. 316-322
Author(s):  
M. HADDAD
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
East Region ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Middle East Region ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the study of foreign policy strategies of the main actors of the world politics, represented by the USA and the countries of the European Union, regarding the Middle East and the Syrian Arab Republic. The interest in this topic is explained by the particular attractiveness of the Middle East region for the above-mentioned actors, since it has significant economic and transport potential and a favorable geographical position, which opens up opportunities for establishing strong partnership trade and economic ties between the US and the EU on the one hand and Middle Eastern states on the other. At the same time, the Middle East, as a region of increased military-political and social tension, directly influences peace and security situation in the entire world, and because of that the most developed countries of the world seek to establish control over the internal politics in the Middle East and spread their influence on its territory. The author pays great attention to the study of factors that have contributed to the formation of certain US and EU foreign policy courses in respect of the entire Middle East and Syria in particular, and comes to the conclusion that all of them can conditionally be divided into several large groups that equally affect the development process strategies. Their comparison allowed us to establish that in general both the USA and the countries of the European Union have similar perspective goals and objectives, however, they use different methods and forms of implementing their strategies. This explains the difference in the results achieved: while the United States successfully implement their geopolitical aspirations and gradually strengthen their presence in the Middle East, the EU countries are faced with a number of problems that impede their participation in the current regional events. Nevertheless, despite the successes and failures, the importance of the Middle East region for both the United States and the EU is beyond doubt.

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