scholarly journals Las incertidumbres del constitucionalismo global

2020 ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Stephane Pinon
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Cultural Imperialism ◽  
The Political ◽  
Jean Giraudoux ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Global Constitutionalism ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sobre Todo

En los discursos jurídicos se multiplican las referencias al «constitucionalismo global», sobre todo desde que brotó la pandemia del covid19. El concepto en fase de construcción aparece a la vez como una solución y como un problema ante el desarrollo de la globalización y de la interacción entre los actores jurídicos. Nuestro estudio privilegia el segundo aspecto. El dramaturgo Jean Giraudoux planteó que «El derecho es la más poderosa escuela de la imaginación. Nunca poeta ninguno ha interpretado la naturaleza tan libremente como un jurista la realidad». Más allá de los sueños, preferimos poner de relieve tres puntos: la perspectiva de un nuevo tipo de oligarquía tras el constitucionalismo global, las amenazas de una combinación entre la depreciación del «político» y la centralidad del individuo, el discurso de la convergencia de los derechos humanos que desenmascara la presencia de un imperialismo cultural. Enfocado al constitucionalismo global, ¿qué hacer del derecho constitucional europeo: un modelo sugestivo o perturbador?In the juridical discourses the references to the global constitutionalism are multiplying themselves, in particular since the arrival of the Covid 19. This concept, in the middle of construction, appears as a solution as well as a problem, confronted to the development of the globalization and the interaction between the juridical actors. This study is prioritizing the second aspect. The playwright Jean Giraudoux used this formula: «the law is the most powerful of schools for the imagination. No poet ever interpreted nature as freely as a lawyer interprets the truth». Beyond the utopias, I’d rather underline three points: the perspective of a new type of oligarchy behind the global constitutionalism; the threats of a combination of the devaluation of the political power and the centrality of the individual; and eventually the discourse to the convergence of the human rights, which hides the presence of a cultural imperialism. To conclude, inside this reflexion about the global constitutionalism, how to consider the European constitutional law: as a role model to follow, or as a model to reject?

scholarly journals The image of the “Russian hacker” and cyberphobia of the “digital environment”

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Viktor Aleksandrovich Sidorov
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The Political ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Political Consciousness ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Situation

The “digital environment” is perceived as a new situation in the political consciousness of the society, as well as a source of xenophobia in politics. In the context of political uncertainty in the world, journalism is becoming a vehicle for spreading cyberphobia – a new type of social fear. Cyberphobia is understood as a natural reaction of public consciousness to the intensification of new types of crimes against the individual and society with the use of “digital” technologies. The new informational reality has predetermined cyberthreats that appeared in the media leading to the most dangerous social phobia. This, for instance, has been combined with the idea of the “Russian hacker” and his personification as the world Evil.

scholarly journals Responsible Citizens against an Irresponsible State: The Case of Greece amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Sofia Alexopoulou ◽  
Antonia Pavli
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dependency Structures ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Of Greece

How is it possible for citizens to act responsibly if they live in an irresponsible state? This is the key question that this paper revolves around in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece. Individual responsibility is the dominant ‘mantra’ of post-modernity and is widely spread by the neoliberal dogma. The individual has to take care of him/herself in any possible way to avoid risks without depending so much on the benevolent state, which, in the developed world, takes the form of a welfare state. Thus, a new type of citizen appears, the “responsible citizen”. The oxymoron, however, in the Greek case is that the state and particularly the political elites maintain bad practices of the past without being able to overcome the country’s path-dependency structures by acting responsibly. The concept of “empathy” is undoubtedly the missing link in this intriguing puzzle of good governance. Will the Greek political elites be able to recognize and embrace empathy in practice?

From an unconstitutional constitutional amendment to an unconstitutional constitution? Lessons from Honduras

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID E LANDAU ◽  
ROSALIND DIXON ◽  
YANIV ROZNAI
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
The Political ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
The People ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Comparative Constitutional Law ◽  
Global Constitutionalism

Abstract:The unconstitutional constitutional amendment doctrine has emerged as a highly successful, albeit still controversial, export in comparative constitutional law. The doctrine has often been defended as protecting a delegation from the people to the political institutions that they created. Other work has noted the doctrine’s potential utility in guarding against abusive constitutionalism. In this article, we consider how these justifications fare when expanded to encompass claims against the original constitution itself, rather than a later amendment to the text. That is, beyond the unconstitutional constitutional amendment doctrine, can or should there be a doctrine of an unconstitutional constitution? Our question is spurred by a puzzling 2015 case from Honduras where the Supreme Court held an unamendable one-term limit on presidential terms, as well as protective provisions punishing attempts to alter that limit, to be unconstitutional. What is particularly striking about the case is that these provisions were not later amendments to the constitution, but rather parts of the original 1982 constitution itself. Thus, this article examines the possibility of ‘an unconstitutional constitution’, what we predict to be the next trend in global constitutionalism.

Back into the political? Rethinking judicial, legal, and transnational constitutionalism

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chen Chang
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Constitutionalism ◽  
Political Foundations

Abstract This article provides a critical reflection on constitutional developments around the world since 1989, and finds that the world of global constitutionalism has primarily embodied judicial, legal and transnational constitutionalism with court-centric, legal-texted, and elite-focused features. An overemphasis of constitutions as legal texts and courts as exclusive constitutional guardians has led to the domination of legal and judicial elites in constitutional and political spheres, and such an unequal playing field between legal and political actors has inevitably triggered the recent rise and resurgence of populism and neo-authoritarianism. This article argues that rather than purely legal or political, the nature of constitutions and constitutionalism presents an intricate set of intersecting law and politics, and that it is time now for constitutional law scholars to pay attention to political foundations of constitutionalism with further democratic revivals and better civic engagements.

Jean Tirole: The political economy of corporate finance (On the book by J. Tirole “The theory of corporate finance”)

2017 ◽  
pp. 128-141
Author(s):  
N. Ranneva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Corporate Finance ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
The Political ◽  
Institutional Economic ◽  
New Type ◽  
Finance Theory ◽  
Empirical Material

The present article undertakes a critical review of the new book of Jean Tirole, the winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Economics, “The theory of cor- porate finance”, which has recently been published in Russian. The book makes a real contribution to the profession by summarizing the whole field of corporate finance and bringing together a big body of research developed over the last thirty years. By simplifying modeling, using unified analytical apparatus, undertaking reinterpretation of many previously received results, and structuring the material in original way Tirole achieves a necessary unity and simplicity in exposition of extremely heterogeneous theoretical and empirical material. The book integrates the new institutional economic theory into classical corporate finance theory and by doing so contributes to making a new type of textbook, which is quite on time and is likely to become essential reading for all graduate students in corporate finance and microeconomics and for everyone interested in these disciplines.

Virginia Woolf and Being-in-the-world

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Simone
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cartesian Dualism ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
The World ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Existential Perspective

Virginia Woolf and Being-in-the-world: A Heideggerian Study explores Woolf’s treatment of the relationship between self and world from a phenomenological-existential perspective. This study presents a timely and compelling interpretation of Virginia Woolf’s textual treatment of the relationship between self and world from the perspective of the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. Drawing on Woolf’s novels, essays, reviews, letters, diary entries, short stories, and memoirs, the book explores the political and the ontological, as the individual’s connection to the world comes to be defined by an involvement and engagement that is always already situated within a particular physical, societal, and historical context. Emma Simone argues that at the heart of what it means to be an individual making his or her way in the world, the perspectives of Woolf and Heidegger are founded upon certain shared concerns, including the sustained critique of Cartesian dualism, particularly the resultant binary oppositions of subject and object, and self and Other; the understanding that the individual is a temporal being; an emphasis upon intersubjective relations insofar as Being-in-the-world is defined by Being-with-Others; and a consistent emphasis upon average everydayness as both determinative and representative of the individual’s relationship to and with the world.

Whither the people in the ASEAN Community?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
See Seng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Management Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
The People ◽  
Droits Humains ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Abstract: The longstanding effort to develop a people-based regionalism in Southeast Asia has been shaped by an inherent tension between the liberal inclination to privilege the individual and the community under formation, on the one hand, and the realist insistence on the primacy of the state, on the other. This article explores the conditions and constraints affecting ASEAN’s progress in remaking Southeast Asia into a people-focused and caring community in three areas: disaster management, development, and democratization (understood here as human rights). Arguably, the persistent gap in Southeast Asia between aspiration and expectation is determined less by political ideology than by the pragmatic responses of ASEAN member states to the forces of nationalism and protectionism, as well as their respective sense of local and regional responsibility.Resumen: El esfuerzo histórico para desarrollar un regionalismo basado en las personas del sudeste de Asia ha estado marcado por una tensión fundamental entre la inclinación liberal de privilegiar el individuo y la comunidad y la insistencia realista sobre la primacía del estado. Este artículo explora las condiciones y limitaciones que afectan el progreso de la ASEAN en la reestructuración de Asia sudoriental en una comunidad centrada en el cuidado de las personas en: gestión de desastres, desarrollo y democratización (i.e., derechos humanos). La brecha persistente en el sudeste asiático entre la aspiración y la expectativa está determinada por las respuestas pragmáticas de los miembros de la ASEAN sometidos a las fuerzas del nacionalismo y proteccionismo, así como su respectivo sentido de responsabilidad local y regional.Résumé: L’effort historique pour développer un régionalisme fondé sur les peuples en Asie du Sud-Est a été marqué par une tension fondamentale entre l’inclination libérale qui privilégie, d’une part, l’individu et la communauté et, d’autre part, l’insistance réaliste sur la primauté de l’État. Cet article explore les conditions et les contraintes qui nuisent aux progrès de l’ANASE dans le cadre d’une refonte de l’Asie du Sud-Est en une communauté centrée et attentive aux peuples dans trois domaines : la gestion des désastres, le développement et la démocratisation (en référence aux droits humains). Le fossé persistant en Asie du Sud-Est entre les aspirations et les attentes est vraisemblablement moins déterminé par l’idéologie politique que par les réponses pragmatiques des États membres de l’ANASE soumis aux forces du nationalisme et du protectionnisme ainsi que par leur sens respectif de la responsabilité locale et régionale.

scholarly journals Film education: Memory and heritage

Comunicar ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (35) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Clarembeaux
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Audiovisual Media ◽  
Film Education ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion ◽  
Sobre Todo

Film education in the digital age should be based on three closely-related and complementary fundamentals: to see, to analyze and to make films with young people; three basics that must interact and support each other. The concept of creative analysis could be the glue the binds this subject together, making it coherent and efficient for educational purposes. If cinema is an art, it is above all the art of memory, both individual and collective. This article suggests that we can join the pedagogy of film education to the citizen’s desire to perpetuate memory and preserve cultural heritage. The author describes various types of films to prove this hypothesis, and at the same time indicates the economic and cultural dimension of the media. The essay starts with an approach to film education in the digital age. Later, it analyzes certain aspects of films of memory, referring specifically to the typology of standpoints of film-makers and the treatment of their sources. Lastly, there is a reflection on the convergence of the concept of creative analysis, promoted by film education, and the production of videos by young people dedicated to the individual or collective memory. This convergence matches European Union proposals concerning the production and creation of audiovisual media from this viewpoint. La educación para el cine en la era digital debería apoyarse en tres polos complementarios y estrechamente asociados: ver, analizar y hacer películas con jóvenes. Estos tres polos han de potenciarse mutuamente. El concepto de análisis creativo podría ser la argamasa que diera coherencia y eficiencia al dispositivo educativo. Si el cine es un arte, es sobre todo el arte de la memoria, tanto colectiva como individual. Este artículo sugiere que es posible hacer converger la pedagogía de la educación cinematográfica y la voluntad ciudadana de perpetuar la memoria, al tiempo que se protege el patrimonio cultural. El autor propone una serie de películas para ilustrar estos planteamientos, que ponen de relieve la dimensión económica y cultural de los medios de comunicación, respondiendo en esta convergencia a las más recientes directrices de la Unión Europea sobre creación y producción, desde esta perspectiva, de medios audiovisuales. El trabajo se inicia con una aproximación a la educación para el cine en la era digital. Posteriormente se recogen algunas singularidades de las «películas de la memoria», aludiendo concretamente a la tipología de los puntos de vista de los realizadores y al tratamiento de sus fuentes. Por último, se refleja el encuentro entre el concepto de «análisis creativo», fomentado por la educación cinematográfica, y la realización de videogramas hechos por jóvenes y dedicados a la memoria individual o colectiva.

Philosophy for Millions and Millions of Philosophers

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Alexander Rubtsov
Keyword(s):  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
The Political ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Closed Type ◽  
Ideological Struggle ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Internal Speech

In the article, the relationship between the highest professional specialization of philosophy and its involvement in the realities of everyday life consciousness, collective and individual, are considered. Karl Jaspers defines philosophy precisely through the natural need and ability of human being as such, from the piercing questions of children to the revelations of anomalous geniuses. Great philosophers only concentrate this sleeping ability in a person to see the world directly and every time anew. Rightly considered the most closed type of intellectual activity, philosophy at the same time provides examples of live communication and direct appeal to people and society.  The fact that each of us is the bearer of philosophical ideas (whether we are aware of it or not) leads to the problem of ideology. By analogy with the constitution of the political by Carl Schmitt through the opposition "friend — enemy", ideology is constituted by the opposition of "faith — knowledge" in a single continuum between the poles of "almost religion" and "almost philosophy". If ideology asserts the non-obvious as obvious, then the mission of philosophy is a systematic criticism of the obvious.  This conflict manifests itself both in society and in the consciousness of an individual.  The classic understanding of ideology as a purely external manipulation (“consciousness for the Other”) is challenged by the presence in the consciousness of the individual subject of “internal dialogue” and “internal speech” with the effects of ideological work and ideological struggle with oneself (the individual as a micromodel of society and the state).  Postmodern all the more accentuates the non-professional dimension of philosophy by rejecting the schemes of progress and hierarchy, the logic of binary oppositions, including high and low, center and marginal, specialized and amateur.  The ability to reflect is the most important feature of a sovereign personality in its resistance to the "penetrating" ideology and new mythology, degrading to intellectual barbarism and political savagery.

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