The Development of Counting Strategies for Single-Digit Addition

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur J. Baroody
Keyword(s):  
Single Digit ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Counting Strategy ◽  
Mental Counting ◽  
Common Sequence

Over 9 months, structured clinical interviews with 17 kindergartners were used to study (a) the learning of a concrete counting strategy for addition, (b) the transition from concrete to mental counting strategies, and (c) the role of the commutativity principle in developing more economical counting strategies. Kindergartners appear to differ in their readiness to use a concrete strategy. Many children persisted in counting all with objects. The most common sequence of mental counting strategies was counting all starting with the first addend, counting all starting with the larger addend, and then counting on from the larger addend. A knowledge of commutativity does not appear to be necessary to invent counting strategies that disregard addend order.

Grieving Process in Children and Adults Using Services of the Psychiatric Hospital of Petra Olympus, Katerini, Greece. Similarities - Differences

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
K. Papanikolaou ◽  
N. Voura ◽  
L. Stilopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Medical Support ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Grieving Process ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
At Home

Objective:The demonstration of differences in grieving process between children mourning for the parent and adults grieving for their spouse.Method:Sub-structured clinical interviews were given to 10 adults and 10 children using the services of the Psychiatric Hospital of Petra Olympus to evaluate their reactions and grieving process.Discussion:2 of the evaluated children had outbursts of cries during the sessions. This behavior was the same at home.8 played the role of the ‘supportive adult’ to the grieving parent, not allowing themselves to express feelings of anger, grief, guilt, and fears. They didn't ask for support, in fear of becoming a burden to the rest of the family.Their parents noticed changes in sleep patterns, eating habits, and behavior.One child wasn't well-informed about the loss and didn't fully understand what had happened to the deceased.As for parents, 8 asked and received medical support and medication,whilst 2 started consuming alcohol. 6 were avoiding talking to their children and sharing their feelings, whereas 3 mentioned incapability to go on with their life.Conclusions:Children mourn in a different way from adults. Their grief may not be easily detected.The proper way of informing the child, the encouragement to the expression of feelings, the living memories of their late parent and the participation in the family grieving process (both for children and adults) are not causes of further stress and anxiety but lead to a better way of resolving the grieving process, offering comfort and relief.

Precipitants of Agoraphobia: Role of Stressful Life Events

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia G. Last ◽  
David H. Barlow ◽  
Gerald T. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Interpersonal Conflict ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Clinical Interviews

Detailed clinical interviews were conducted with 58 agoraphobics to assess the precipitants of the disorder. Results supported the notion that stressful life events usually precede the development of agoraphobia. While interpersonal conflict was the most frequently cited stressor, other stressful life events also were often reported as precipitants.

scholarly journals High school students interpretations and use of diagrams in geometry proofs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ruveyda Karaman
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
High School Geometry ◽  
Geometrical Reasoning ◽  
School Geometry ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Reasoning Study

In high school geometry, proving theorems and applying them to geometry problems is an expectation from high school students (CCSSI, 2010). Diagrams are considered as an essential part of the geometry proofs because diagrams are included in a typical geometric statement such as a claim or problem (Manders, 2008; Shin et al., 2001). This interview-based study investigated how high school students interpret and use diagrams during the process of proving geometric claims. Particular attention is given to the semiotic resources such as symbols, visuals, and gestures that students draw from the diagrams to develop their proving activities. Hence, the goal of the current study is to contribute to the mathematics education field by providing insights into the details of semiotic aspects of diagrammatic reasoning. Study participants were grade 10-12 high school students and data was collected through one-on-one task- based clinical interviews. In general, students focused on the figural properties of the diagrams more frequently than the conceptual properties of the diagrams in their proofs even when they produced a new diagram or multiple diagrams. Regarding the semiotic structure of students' proving process, gesture resources were prominent in the semiotic structure of students' proving process in diagram-given tasks. The findings also suggested that, in general, some visual resources such as drawing a new figure or multiple figures occurred regularly in particular tasks such as diagram-free tasks with non- diagrammatic register or truth-unknown features. Overall, the frameworks used in this study showed how important it is to consider the mathematics as multi semiotic, understanding the role of gestures in students' geometrical reasoning.

Experienced Anxiety and Death Impulse in Diabetic Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Ndje Mireille
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Patient ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Death Drive ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

The drive and the experience of the diabetic adolescent have been extensively discussed, but not enough the one of the death drive in teenagers suffering from diabetes. Some researchers have addressed this issue raising the expression of suffering and the role of caregivers in caring for the person with diabetes. The refusal to be treated is due to the fact that diabetes unlike other chronic diseases requires daily injections, adherence to a diet and control of blood sugar every day. We are interested in the teenager who is invaded by the death drive due to the imprint of diabetes on his adolescence thereby weakening his psyche. The main goal is to understand the experiences of non-compliant adolescents living with diabetes. To achieve this, we used the clinical method and the clinical interviews have been done at the Central Hospital of Yaoundé from three participants. These interviews have been treated through a content analysis and the findings show that diabetes sound on the psyche of the teenager. So, this disease cause suffering, pain related to daily injections that grow some adolescents with non-therapeutic compliance and even refusal to seek treatment. Thus, this disease destroys the body of the adolescent, limits his pleasures, disintegrates his body, makes him suffer. Indeed, it damages the body of the adolescent, destroys it for the sole purpose of annihilating it. All these difficulties related to the disease in adolescence weaken his psyche and develop in him the death drive. This allowed us to the deadly trends in the adolescent who suffers because of his posture of chronic patient as well as all the restrictions imposed by the disease to adolescence weakening his psyche that could lead to an uncertain death.

scholarly journals Pathways to Cybersex: Case-Report-Based Exploration

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Sharma ◽  
Nitin Anand ◽  
Ajith S. J. ◽  
Pranjali Chakraborty Thakur ◽  
Suma N. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
Managing Stress

The internet has become the preferred platform for use of webcam. The interactive online aspect of webcamming allows participants to have stimulating enjoyable experience for each act. There has been an increasing trend in users seeking help from the service for healthy use of technology (SHUT) specialty clinic for the management of pornography use. Clinical interviews were used to elicit details about their concern. The cases demonstrated the role of online behaviors especially cybersex in managing stress, free time, loneliness, boredom, as well as the need for novelty. It implies the need for screening the pathways to cybersex as well as to evolve intervention to manage these pathways in an Indian context.

The Generation of An Aptamer Inhibitor of Murine Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) Mediated Platelet Aggregation

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 4312-4312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Woelfel ◽  
Simon De Meyer ◽  
Patricia Wagner ◽  
Kathleen E McGinness ◽  
Denisa D. Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Vein Wall ◽  
High Affinity

Abstract Abstract 4312 Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a national health concern, with an occurrence of over 900,000 cases per year and over 300,000 deaths per year. The total number of cases of VTE and the incidence of VTE-related deaths exceeds those related to both myocardial infarction and stroke. With an aging population, the incidence of VTE has also been increasing. Current treatment of venous thromboembolism with anti-coagulation is not optimal. There is a risk of bleeding, thrombus extension, pain and swelling as well as a recurrence rate of 3–9%. A significant inflammatory response occurs with venous thromboembolism. This inflammation can influence the extent of thrombosis, vein wall fibrosis and valve damage in the thrombosed vein. In a high percentage of VTE patients a condition of venous insufficiency known as post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) can develop. PTS is associated with stasis ulceration, dermatitis and edema. Venous thrombogenesis is influenced by platelet (PLT) and leukocyte (WBC) adhesion as well as interactions between these cells. There is growing evidence to suggest that VWF interactions with PLT GPIbα can mediate some of these early events. This is evidenced by the reduction in PLT/WBC recruitment and reduced thrombus growth seen in either VWF or GPIbα deficient mice. These data point to a role for VWF in VTE. We sought to develop an aptamer to mouse VWF that would inhibit its interactions with platelet GPIbα. The availability of this tool would support investigations into the role of VWF in mouse models of VTE. Aptamers are oligonucleotides that fold into three-dimensional structures and specifically bind to ligands with high affinity. Aptamers bound to proteins can modify and/or inhibit protein-protein interactions. Using an in vitro selection method known as Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX), we generated aptamers that bind to murine VWF (mVWF) from a modified RNA pool. Nine of these aptamers bind to mVWF with single-digit or sub- nanomolar affinity. A subset of these aptamers also binds to human VWF (hVWF). The aptamers that bind to hVWF inhibit platelet adhesion/aggregation in human whole blood. Further in vitro characterization has demonstrated that five of these aptamers specifically inhibit the interaction between mVWF and recombinant human GPIbα, but do not interfere with the binding of mVWF to collagen. These five aptamers were also active in vivo in a FeCl3-induced thrombosis model in mice. Intravenous injection of the anti-mVWF aptamers prolonged time to occlusion from a baseline of 10–15 minutes to either 25–35 minutes or >40 minutes in this model, depending on the aptamer. These results demonstrate that we have identified high affinity aptamers to mVWF that specifically disrupt mVWF binding to platelets and have an antithrombotic effect in an in vivo mouse model of thrombosis. These aptamers will allow us to investigate the role of VWF in murine models of venous thrombosis. This project was supported by Award Number R01HL095091 from the National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute. Disclosures: Woelfel: Archemix Corporation: Employment. Wagner:Archemix Corporation: Employment. McGinness:Archemix Corporation: Employment. Schaub:Archemix Corporation: Employment.

Rehearsal of Temporal Visual Information

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Guay ◽  
Craig R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Retention Interval ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Strategy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Counting Strategy ◽  
Retention Characteristics ◽  
Mental Counting

This study compared the short-term retention characteristics of temporal information when subjects experienced time under either subject-defined or experimenter-defined rehearsal. Subjects were presented visual durations of 1 and 4 sec. and then required to reproduce these durations following a 15-sec. retention interval. To help maintain the durations in memory, subjects were asked to use either a conscious cognitive strategy or a mental counting strategy. It was predicted that experimenter-defined rehearsal would show less forgetting, as measured by variable error, but this prediction was not supported. There also was no evidence of any response bias or context effects in the temporal reproductions. These results were compared with two previous studies that utilized similar cognitive strategies.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Possible Relationship Existing between the Hla-DR Gene and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and/or Mental Retardation

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aureli ◽  
P. Sebastiani ◽  
T. Del Beato ◽  
A. Marimpietri ◽  
V. Melillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Polymerase Chain

This study examines the possible relationship existing between the HLA-DR gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or mental retardation (MR). The diagnosis of ADHD and mental retardation were established through clinical interviews with the parents, children and teachers, according to the criteria in DSM-IV. HLA-DRB1 genotyping was performed both by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) and by sequence based typing (SBT) in a cohort of 81 affected children and a sample of 100 healthy controls. Here, we report a positive association of HLA-DR4 with ADHD but not with MR. The study adds confirmation to the role of the HLA-DRB1 in the etiology of some types of childhood neuropsychiatric illnesses.

Attitudes Toward Math Are Differentially Related to the Neural Basis of Multiplication Depending on Math Skill

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-191
Author(s):  
Ö. Ece Demir-Lira ◽  
Macarena Suárez-Pellicioni ◽  
John V. Binzak ◽  
James R. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Multiplication Facts ◽  
Attitudes Toward Math ◽  
Multiplication Task ◽  
First Time

Attitudes toward math (ATM) predict math achievement. Negative ATM are associated with avoidance of math content, while positive ATM are associated with exerting more effort on math tasks. Recent literature highlights the importance of considering interactions between ATM and math skill in examining relations to achievement. This study investigated, for the first time, the effects of the interaction between math skill and ATM on the neurocognitive basis of arithmetic processing. We examined the effect of this interaction using a single-digit multiplication task in 9- to 12-year-old children. Results showed that higher math skill was correlated with less activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and positive ATM were correlated with less activation in the left IFG. The relation between ATM and the neural basis of multiplication varied depending on math skill. Only among children with lower math skill, positive ATM were associated with greater activation of the left IFG. The results suggest that positive ATM in low-skill children might encourage them to more fully engage the neurocognitive systems underlying controlled effort and retrieval of multiplication facts. Our results highlight the importance of examining the role of both attitudinal and cognitive factors on the neural basis of arithmetic development.

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